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Differential Elliptic Flow Analysis of Hadrons with Different Wuark Content in Simulated pp Collisions
Get PDFAccording to current physics theories, it is assumed that in the first microsecond after the big bang, the universe was in a state of matter called Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP), where the fundamental consistent of matters (quarks and leptons), were highly energetic, and floating around freely. Searching for such phase of matter; as the possible earliest signatures after the big bang, and among many other interesting experimental measurements, the jet quenching and elliptic flow are the most important ones, in the heavy ion collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) experiments.
The azimuthal anisotropy of the produced particles with respect to the reaction plane angle is commonly quantified via the elliptic flow parameter, . The absence of elliptic flow for the electromagnetically and weakly interacting particles (, in addition to the universal features of the number of quarks scaling for the elliptic flow parameter of the strongly interacting particles (hadrons), have concluded that the development of partonic collectivity during the QGP phase and before hadronization. Furthermore, the hydrodynamic models; assuming thermalization, have perfectly described the data at low transverse momentum incorporating an equation of state for the QGP. Nevertheless, the unexpected measured non-zero finite values of for hadrons at high transverse momentum, as well as the similar suppressions for the away side yields - where the away side is the opposite direction from where the collision occurred, and yield means the number of particles produced from the collision - of direct photons and neutral pions, present a challenge. Existing models, such as jet-quenching models have encountered difficulties in accurately describing such data. Furthermore, the surprising similarity in the measured values between heavy flavor and light quarks raises questions about the thermalization of heavy quarks within the produced medium, a phenomenon that remains inadequately understood. These intriguing puzzles have prompted a critical examination of potential non-flow contributions to the measurements, as their presence could significantly impact the imposed constraints on medium transport parameters, e.g., viscosity and entropy. After all, the reaction plane angle is not directly measurable quantity in the experiment, and it depends on commonly used techniques; and there might be biases due to the method itself. The major non-flow contributions might arise from the jet fragmentation and its underlying mechanisms.
PYTHIA simulation is an ideal environment to unfold the contributions from the jet fragmentation, as it contains no final state interactions. Accordingly, the aim of the presented work is to further validate the experimental results, using the same techniques as in the experimental work in determining the reaction plane angle and measuring the elliptic flow parameter , using PYTHIA. PYTHIA was used to generate the data and simulating the high energy collisions at center-of-mass energies of GeV at RHIC and TeV at the LHC.
According to current physics theories, it is assumed that in the first microsecond after the big bang, the universe was in a state of matter called Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP), where the fundamental consistent of matters (quarks and leptons), were highly energetic, and floating around freely. Searching for such phase of matter; as the possible earliest signatures after the big bang, and among many other interesting experimental measurements, the jet quenching and elliptic flow are the most important ones, in the heavy ion collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) experiments.The azimuthal anisotropy of the produced particles with respect to the reaction plane angle is commonly quantified via the elliptic flow parameter, 2. The absence of elliptic flow for the electromagnetically and weakly interacting particles (,±,0), in addition to the universal features of the number of quarks scaling for the elliptic flow parameter of the strongly interacting particles (hadrons), have concluded that the development of partonic collectivity during the QGP phase and before hadronization. Furthermore, the hydrodynamic models; assuming thermalization, have perfectly described the 2 data at low transverse momentum incorporating an equation of state for the QGP. Nevertheless, the unexpected measured non-zero finite values of 2 for hadrons at high transverse momentum, as well as the similar suppressions for the away side yields - where the away side is the opposite direction from where the collision occurred, and yield means the number of particles produced from the collision - of direct photons and neutral pions, present a challenge. Existing models, such as jet-quenching models have encountered difficulties in accurately describing such data. Furthermore, the surprising similarity in the measured 2 values between heavy flavor and light quarks raises questions about the thermalization of heavy quarks within the produced medium, a phenomenon that remains inadequately understood. These intriguing puzzles have prompted a critical examination of potential non-flow contributions to the measurements, as their presence could significantly impact the imposed constraints on medium transport parameters, e.g., viscosity and entropy. After all, the reaction plane angle is not directly measurable quantity in the experiment, and it depends on commonly used techniques; and there might be biases due to the method itself. The major non-flow contributions might arise from the jet fragmentation and its underlying mechanisms.PYTHIA simulation is an ideal environment to unfold the contributions from the jet fragmentation, as it contains no final state interactions. Accordingly, the aim of the presented work is to further validate the experimental results, using the same techniques as in the experimental work in determining the reaction plane angle and measuring the elliptic flow parameter 2(), using PYTHIA. PYTHIA was used to generate the data and simulating the high energy collisions at center-of-mass energies of √=200 GeV at RHIC and √=13 TeV at the LHC
CASAR Student Debate #3: Can solidarity produce mutual benefits for the African Diaspora& Palestine social movements?
Get PDFEvery semester, CASAR AUC holds miscellaneous student debates discussing the hot controversial topics in the US, Egypt and from around the world in hopes of raising awareness about these topics & broadening the perspectives of our students as they learn to engage in fruitful discussions as they share different opinion on the topic being deliberated. At this CASAR Student Discussion event #3 in celebration of Black History Month, we watched Nelson Madela speak his mind about the topic in 1990, in which he proclaims solidarity with the Palestinian cause on behalf of the African National Congress. Then we opened the floor to the attending audience to speak their minds as they answered the question of the debate: Can solidarity produce mutual benefits for the African Diaspora & Palestine social movements? Here is the Nelson Mandela video we showed first: • Nelson Mandela on Palestine (1990) The winning student with the best argument will get the following: A certificate of appreciation from CASAR A special feature on the CASAR website, FB & IG accounts An honorary special feature on the \u27Speaker of the month\u27 board at the center
Venue: Classroom CP74 - AUC New Cairo
Date: 28 February, 2024
The winners of this debate were Noor Al-Qaimari AND Aly Abdelrehim. The debate honored Black History Month.https://fount.aucegypt.edu/events_and_performances/1046/thumbnail.jp
Anxious Futures: Capital, Nation and Advertising in Beirut, Lebanon
Get PDFContemporary billboard advertising in Beirut fuels anxiety in Beirut’s citizens. In a city suffering from daily uncertainties caused by a devastating financial collapse in 2019, and mourning victims of the worst non-nuclear explosion to ever occur in the Port of Beirut in 2020, Beirutis are also faced with advertising which constantly reinforces uneasiness. Visual advertisements market visas to leave the country, purchasing second passports and money counting machines, forming quotidian reminders of the current state of the country. Using interviews and visual ethnographic material collected during the summer of 2023, this thesis discusses how billboards help to foster dialogue around political and social commentary and advertise specific moral economies. It discusses the lived experience of Beirutis in a post-crisis economy, and how individuals adapt and cope within a constantly changing set of circumstances. It poses questions about what it means to be Lebanese in 2023 and examines the current state of citizenship and who is allowed to be a citizen
Impact of Nano and Micro Analysis Studies on the Sustainability of Products and Components
Get PDFAbstract
The emergence of Nano and Micro analysis has marked the beginning of a new era of substantial advancements across research disciplines and various industries. Utilizing Nano and Micro analysis methods and techniques holds a profound promise for advancements of materials, Healthcare and Medicine, Agricultural applications, Food science, Construction and Civil Engineering, Environmental Sustainability, Energy, and Transport & Automobile. Further, Nano and Micro analysis techniques and methods have made a substantial contribution to the 17 SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals). This work outlines a research endeavor that aims to investigate the impact of Nano and Micro analysis on the sustainability of products and components.
This work starts with a comprehensive introduction to Nano and Micro analysis techniques, elucidating their capabilities to characterize materials at the nanoscale and microscale. The introduction classifies Nano and Micro analysis techniques and briefly discusses the functions of a selection of the most well-known instruments.
The focus of this research is to explore how Nano and Micro analysis enhances the sustainability of products. We conducted a comprehensive literature review to identify the gaps in previous research works. In addition, this investigation focusses on how Nano and Micro analysis statistically contribute to achieving the 17 SDGs.
To achieve a meaningful statistic, we developed a well-structured research methodology and research framework. The study outlines a framework to collect usage data from a reputed Nano and Microtechnology Research Center in Cairo. The collected data were thoroughly analyzed and correlated with the 17 SDGs so that the research outcome identifies the gaps and areas of strength for further actions.
Using both literature review and the analyzed data from the case study, this investigation explored the impact of Nano and Micro analysis studies on the Environmental, Social, and Economic aspects, which together form the three pillars of sustainability. Further, through conducting in-depth research, this study sought to produce a valuable insight that can be informative for industry and different research disciplines. Also, this study sought to be a valuable guidance for policymakers. Ultimately, this research work seeks to contribute to a more sustainable future
From Crypto-Muslim to Muslim Polemicist: The Self-Writing of Aḥmad ibn Qāsim al-Ḥajarī
Get PDFThis thesis examines the self-writing of the Morisco writer Aḥmad ibn Qāsim al-Ḥajarī (b. 1569–1570) who fled his homeland in Spain for the Maghreb where he could live safely as a Muslim. While it may seem that the Moriscos were one static, monocultural group, studying them as individuals reveals the group’s diversity and complexity. Al-Ḥajarī is an excellent example of one Morisco writer who identifies more with the greater Muslim community than with the Iberian Moriscos. His most well-known work, Kitāb Nāṣir al-dīn, combines Arabic literary genres in order to create this self-portrait. Other Moriscos fought for their right to stay on the peninsula, whereas Kitāb Nāṣir al-dīn is the story of how and why al-Ḥajarī willingly left Iberia. Through analysis of both the content and the structure of this text, this thesis shows how Kitāb Nāṣir al-dīn can be considered the autobiography of al-Ḥajarī despite autobiography being considered a Western genre that only surfaced in modern times. Further, this thesis brings to light an individual who shifted between cultures during a time where cultures appear to have been divided by religion, culture and language
The Hidden Forms of Violence in the Lives of Professional Women in Tagamoa, New Cairo
Get PDFThe desire to craft new lifestyles is the main drive for the relocation to New Cairo among Egypt’s upper middle classes. This research is focusing on the upper middle class--people who still rely on their incomes from working to maintain their status—as opposed to the elite upper class, who rely on incomes from property, investments, inheritance, and other forms of intergenerational wealth. These communities were enmeshed in high degrees of domestic violence. The power-relations reconfigured in the domestic sphere, with increasing numbers of upper middle class women embarking on professional careers while navigating households and family relations, have opened the doors to new power dynamics that were not previously experienced in this society. There are multiple factors behind the neoliberal economic contribution of those women. The pressures of sustaining certain lifestyles, as well as women’s high levels of education in upper-middle class Egypt, spawned new home cultures, which in turn spawned a specific version of men at that socioeconomic level. This entanglement has resulted in female abuse despite high levels of education and economic independence for women, which, according to my fieldwork, has been linked to a cultural platform of violence against women in New Cairo as a reflection of the individualistic insecurities of men
Belly-laugh Abbasid Style: What Food Is to the Body, Laughter Is to the Soul / ضحك من الأعماق بأسلوب العباسيين: الضحك للروح هو الطعام للجسد
No full textThe nawādir genre–short, witty, entertaining, and humorous anecdotes–is replete with stories about food. This article gathers and translates well-known anecdotes by the Abbasid polymath al-Khaṭīb al-Baghdādī from his two nawādir collections: Al-bukhalā’ (the book of misers) and Al-taṭfīl (the book of uninvited guests, party crashers, or social parasites). The article analyzes the nawādir, examining the employment of Qur’anic verses in their humorous structures, and showing the diversity of purposes of these “gastronomical jokes”–which include theological themes–and in light of the concept of “instruct and delight” employed by many Medieval Arabic authors.
وظف العديدُ من الكتاب العباسيين، الذين ألفوا النوادر أو جمعوها، الطعامَ في بنية هذا الجنس الأدبي الهزلي، فتحتوي النوادر على العديد من الأطعمة والموائد والشخصيات مثل البخيل والطفيلي. تنتقي هذه المقالة مجموعة من النوادر الشهيرة للكاتب العباسي الخطيب البغدادي من كتابيه البخلاء والتطفيل وحكايات الطفيليين وتترجمها. كذا، تحلل المقالة النوادر، وتقف عند توظيف الآيات القرآنية في بنيتها، وتعدد أغراض النوادر المتعلقة بالطعام، بما فيها الموضوعات الفقهية، وذلك في ضوء «مفهوم الهزل المراد به الجد» الذي وظفه العديد من الكتاب في تلك الفترة
أنثروبولوجيا الطعام والجنس في الأدب العربي القديم / The Anthropology of Food and Sex in Pre-Modern Arabic Literature
No full textيعدّ الطعام والجنس عاملين رئيسين في تشكيل الهُويّة الثقافيّة، ولقد تطوّر توظيفهما في الأدب العربي القديم، من كونهما نمطين تأليفيّين مستقلّين، إلى حضورهما فنّياً، واندماجهما في كثير من المدوّنات الإبداعيّة التراثيّة. كما وُظِّف الطعام في كتب جنسيّة، بالربط بين نوعيّة الطعام وزيادة الرغبة والقدرة الجنسيّتين؛ ممّا جعله وسيلة للمتعة، بجانب الحضور اللافت لمؤلّفات الطعام والجنس في التراث العربيّ. تحلل هذه المقالة مراحل توظيفهما كرافدين يصوغان العديد من النصوص، وترصد الأساليب التي جعلت منهما إشعاعات أنثروبولوجيّة يمكن التقاطها لتكوين صورة للهُويّة العربيّة، عبر ثلاثة محاور: أنثروبولوجيا الطعام، وأنثروبولوجيا الجنس، وأنثروبولوجيا اللذّة.
Food and sex are two primary elements in the creation of cultural identities. Their employment in pre-Modern Arabic literature developed from being two separate thematic topics to their entanglement in many belletristic texts. Certain kinds of food were associated with increased sexual desire and potency, leading to their inclusion in works concerned with sex, and making food a means to pleasure. This article traces the different stages of employing food and sex in traditional Arabic texts and highlights their significance from an anthropological standpoint in constructing an image of Arab identity through its three parts: the anthropology of food, the anthropology of sex, and the anthropology of pleasure
The Romani People in the European Cultural Imagination: Alexander Pushkin, Prosper Mérimée and Virginia Woolf
Get PDFScholarly literature on Roma is scarce compared to other racial groups as a lack of academic interest, financial limitations, and other social and political factors has constrained it. This resulted in a cross-cultural circulation of misinformation about Romani people and the reproduction of Romani myths and stereotypes in fiction. This project aims to analyze selected literary works on Gypsies from three Eastern and Western European countries and two periods to unpack the cultural and political roots of Romani literary misrepresentation. This research employs a range of theoretical frameworks chosen to put the Gypsy protagonists under maximum spotlight without unnecessary repetition, such as social contract theories, new historicism, criminology, symptomatic reading, Orientalism/ Gypsylorism, and psychoanalysis. The research findings show that literature plays an essential role in suppressing marginalized narratives about Romanies. Literature also makes it more challenging to debunk misinformation about the group as its influence creates a fixed stereotypical image in the mind of the non-Romani recipient. The research concludes that Gypsies in literature have been associated with colonized nations, and the place (setting) plays a major role in racializing Gypsies, thus facilitating their sexualization and exoticisation. The employment of the Gypsy symbol in literature shows the flexibility of the symbol as it fits into political, social, and gender contexts and is used as a tool for criticism and self-exploration