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Re-engaging Driver Attention using ChatGPT: A Multimodal Study on Stress Impact and Driving Performance
Get PDFDriving is considered a complex task that requires continuous focus and attention from the driver. Driving performance can also be impacted by changes in the driver’s stress level. However, limited research explores methods to address this challenge. With the current advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) and their ability to engage in human-like interaction, this study investigates the potential of using ChatGPT, designed to speak Egyptian Arabic, in re-engaging driver attention under different driving scenarios for low-stress and high-stress conditions within a virtual reality (VR) environment driving simulator. Drivers were asked to follow a leading car into two scenarios with and without ChatGPT while physiological data (Electroencephalography (EEG), eye-tracking, heart rate, galvanic skin response (GSR)) and driving performance parameters (reaction time, distance to lead vehicle, and number of collisions) were recorded during the sessions. The results indicate that open-ended voice conversation ChatGPT can help improve driver performance compared to not using ChatGPT. In the high-stress scenario, the EEG theta band increased significantly, which is associated with cognitive control, while the Perceived Stress Scale reduced by 16.64% in addition to an improvement of 5.78% in the driver’s reaction time. In the low-stress scenario, visual attention was improved as indicated by a decrease in parietal-occipital alpha band, and a significant increase in pupil diameter, and the performance improved by 5.32%. This work contributes to the integration of EEG-VR-ChatGPT, paving the way for adaptive Artificial Intelligence (AI) driver assistance in future research.
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TRANSLATE with x English Arabic Hebrew Polish Bulgarian Hindi Portuguese Catalan Hmong Daw Romanian Chinese Simplified Hungarian Russian Chinese Traditional Indonesian Slovak Czech Italian Slovenian Danish Japanese Spanish Dutch Klingon Swedish English Korean Thai Estonian Latvian Turkish Finnish Lithuanian Ukrainian French Malay Urdu German Maltese Vietnamese Greek Norwegian Welsh Haitian Creole Persian TRANSLATE with COPY THE URL BELOW Back EMBED THE SNIPPET BELOW IN YOUR SITE Enable collaborative features and customize widget: Bing Webmaster Portal Back
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TRANSLATE with x English Arabic Hebrew Polish Bulgarian Hindi Portuguese Catalan Hmong Daw Romanian Chinese Simplified Hungarian Russian Chinese Traditional Indonesian Slovak Czech Italian Slovenian Danish Japanese Spanish Dutch Klingon Swedish English Korean Thai Estonian Latvian Turkish Finnish Lithuanian Ukrainian French Malay Urdu German Maltese Vietnamese Greek Norwegian Welsh Haitian Creole Persian TRANSLATE with COPY THE URL BELOW Back EMBED THE SNIPPET BELOW IN YOUR SITE Enable collaborative features and customize widget: Bing Webmaster Portal Back TRANSLATE with x English Arabic Hebrew Polish Bulgarian Hindi Portuguese Catalan Hmong Daw Romanian Chinese Simplified Hungarian Russian Chinese Traditional Indonesian Slovak Czech Italian Slovenian Danish Japanese Spanish Dutch Klingon Swedish English Korean Thai Estonian Latvian Turkish Finnish Lithuanian Ukrainian French Malay Urdu German Maltese Vietnamese Greek Norwegian Welsh Haitian Creole Persian TRANSLATE with COPY THE URL BELOW Back EMBED THE SNIPPET BELOW IN YOUR SITE Enable collaborative features and customize widget: Bing Webmaster Portal Bac
Extraction and analytical approaches for the determination of post-food processing major carcinogens: A comprehensive review towards healthier processed food
No full textDifferent food processing methods, e.g. fermentation, grilling, frying, etc., to improve food sensory attributes or shelf-stability are typically employed in different cuisines worldwide. These methods may illicit in-situ health-hazardous chemicals via thermal or enzymatic-mediated processes or chemical interactions with food preservatives. This review provides a comparative overview of the occurrence, extraction, and determination of the major food carcinogens such as nitrosamines (NAs), biogenic amines (BAs), heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), ethyl carbamate (EC), and malondialdehyde (MDA). Their carcinogenicity levels vary from group 1 (carcinogenic to humans) e.g. benzo[a]pyrene, group 2A (probably carcinogenic to humans) e.g. N-nitrosodiethylamine, group 2B (possibly carcinogenic to humans) e.g. chrysene or group 3 (non-classifiable as carcinogenic to humans) e.g. MDA. Chromatography-based methods are the most predominant techniques used for their analysis. LC-MS is widely used for both volatile/non-volatile NAs, HAAs, BAs, and EC, whereas GC–MS is applied more for volatile NAs, PAHs and MDA
Integrating Planetary Health into Public Health Education for Sustainable Healthcare Practices
Get PDFIntroduction: Integrating planetary health in public health education became an urgent global call for action since the WHO announced that the climate change and environmental degradation are the most threat facing the humanity in the recent decades (1). According to that, many countries are developing strategies for counteracting and mitigating the impact of climate change and restore the planetary health. These strategies are including policy drafting and preparing their public health professionals to recognize and address the health effects of environmental change, promote practices for sustainable healthcare. Although Egypt is formulating different policies to cope with and respond to the global action for counteracting the climate change impact, but these efforts are still lacking an essential pillar, which is preparing the health workforce and equip them with the necessary knowledge and skills. This study aims at reaching a consensus on the focus areas of study and competencies required for integration of planetary health into public health education, guided by the global education framework for planetary health. Methodology: The study used Delphi technique to reach agreement from a panel of experts in both disciplines, planetary health and public health, on the main focus areas and competencies to be included in the public health education. Results: The consensus was achieved for specific areas for the following focus area of study: Relationships between biodiversity, ecosystem services, and human health, The health impacts of environmental changes driven by human activity, Resilience and Adaptation, Interdisciplinary Collaboration, One Health Approach, Social Determinants of Health, and the following core competencies: Ecological Literacy, Climate Change Adaptation, Adaptive Management, Community Engagement, Environmental Impact Assessment, Environmental Epidemiology Systems Thinking, Leadership Development, Innovation and Entrepreneurship under the main five domains of the educational framework recognized by the Planetary Health Allianc
The Right to Truth in Transitional Justice
Get PDFTransitional justice is sought by nations suffering from legacies of human rights violations. The field of transitional justice stands on four main pillars: truth seeking, criminal justice, reparations and guarantees of non-recurrence. It promotes utilizing legal and non-legal mechanisms to achieve a transition to democracy and the mechanisms employed must relate to, at least, one of its pillars. Truth is considered substantial for transitions to happen. Revealing the truth is believed to be essential for reconciliation and promoting peace. However, in various experiences the truth did not lead to reconciliation and was widely distorted. The approach of the transitional justice framework to truth is quite limited. It neglects the intrinsic nature of truth as a subjective product of power. Also, the transitional justice framework associates truth-seeking with the notion of the right to truth which happens to be legally vague and suffers from various gaps in its jurisprudence. Hence, the efforts of truth-seeking do not lead to the outcomes associated with it. In fact, the approach of transitional justice to truth is exclusive and opens the door for it to be manipulated by political powers to solidify their control over the people. This research deconstructs the notion of truth in transitional justice and analyzes the framework’s approach to truth. it deconstructs the notion of truth on different levels: legal, political and philosophical and criticizes the limitedness of the approach of transitional justice to truth
Partial Replacement of Ordinary Portland Cement in Concrete by Limestone Calcined Clay (LC2)
Get PDFLimestone calcined clay (LC2) technique is a new approach that could address the environmental problem corelated with the construction industry due to its vital reliance on the ordinary Portland cement in its various applications. LC2 technique involves partial replacement of the OPC in concrete by limestone and calcined kaolinite clay with a ratio of 1:2 respectively. The main advantage of this technique is its high applicability due to its direct application on site. This study investigated the applicability of incorporating the LC2 technique in the construction industry. Three replacement percentages of OPC by LC2 in concrete were explored, which are 40%, 50%, and 60%. The objective of this study was achieved through evaluating the performance of the LC2 mixes in comparison with the OPC mix based on their mechanical properties, durability aspects, creep compliances, microscopic structures, and drying shrinkages. The LC2 mixes exhibited similar mechanical performance to that of the OPC mix except for the retarding effect in its strength gain during the first three days. Yet, there may be potential approaches that might improve this delayed early strength of the LC2 concrete. The LC2 mixes surpassed the control mix with respect to their moduli of elasticity. In addition, the LC2 mixes showed obvious superiority over the OPC mix in most of the durability and long-term deformation aspects including chlorides resistance, wet and dry cycles resistance, creep compliance, and drying shrinkage. The LC2 mixes proved its enhancement effect on the porosity refinement of concrete based on their microscopic structures. As the durability aspects of concrete are improved by increasing the LC2 replacement percentage while its mechanical performance is slightly compromised, 50% may be considered the optimum LC2 replacement percentage. Therefore, LC2 technique could be considered an effective approach for enhancing the sustainability of the construction industry in addition to improving the durability aspects of concrete
THE DILEMMA OF SHAREHOLDER CLAIMS FOR REFLECTIVE LOSS IN INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT LAW: DIVERSIFICATION OR FRAGMENTATION?
Get PDFShareholder reflective loss (SRL) claims are filed by shareholders seeking compensation for the indirect damage they incur due to the injury directly suffered by their company. The loss of shareholders reflects the company’s loss in the form of a reduction of their share value. While national corporate laws generally adopt a consistent approach regarding SRL claims, fragmentation prevails on the international plane. Domestically, corporate laws prohibit SRL claims for policy reasons, granting the directly affected company the exclusive right of action. On the International level, customary international law, as deduced from the judgments of the International Court of Justice (ICJ), the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR), and as codified in the International Law Commission (ILC) Draft Articles on Diplomatic Protection, aligns with domestic laws in rejecting SRL claims. Conversely, ISDS tribunals permit SRL claims, broadly interpreting investment treaties as granting shareholders direct access to ISDS for both direct and reflective loss claims. Using a comparative critical approach, this paper asserts that the ISDS standpoint is detrimental to corporations and the international law regime. The ISDS perspective distorts the fundamental principles of corporate laws. In particular, it disregards the corporate separate legal personality and its centralized management, ruining the corporate structure and governance. Further, this study argues that ISDS tribunals lack a unified, coherent SRL theory. Instead, the ISDS tribunals issue contradictory decisions with no clear rules regarding the extent of SRL claims, compromising the integrity and consistency of international investment law. To have a unified SRL claims approach on the international plane, this study concludes by proposing a defragmentation strategy based on the ILC report concerning the fragmentation of international law. Although it is a special international law regime, international investment law is not hermetically isolated from general international law. Hence, in light of the international law principles of “systemic integration” and “harmonization,” ISDS tribunals should reconsider their SRL approach, situating it within the broader context of general international law
An LLM Approach for Automating the Analysis of BIM (IFC) Data
No full textThis thesis introduces a novel methodology for automating the analysis of Building Information Modeling (BIM) data using LangGraph, an advanced extension of the LangChain framework, and integrating Google’s Gemini Large Language Model (LLM) with IfcOpenShell. BIM, and specifically Industry Foundation Class (IFC) files, are widely used in the construction industry for representing and managing building data. However, analyzing this data effectively remains a significant challenge due to its volume and complexity. Additionally, analyzing BIM data typically requires knowledge of different BIM software depending on the application. This research addresses this challenge by creating a workflow that utilizes LangGraph’s ability to develop different AI agents designed to handle tasks like extracting element data, analyzing spatial relationships, and categorizing risks based on predefined criteria, without the need for any BIM software at all. The integration of Gemini LLM provides advanced language-based reasoning and decision-making capabilities that allow the system to process complex queries, in human language, and provide valuable insights from the BIM data. As a proof-of-concept, four applications of the LangGraph methodology were created, providing significant insights regarding the strengths and limitations of this framework. The models were validated through hypothetical case studies and real-world applications, and responses were evaluated based on their accuracy, validity, and completeness, demonstrating the framework’s effectiveness in analyzing BIM data in construction projects. However, the results also revealed limitations that can affect the system’s performance in large-scale real-world applications. These findings suggest that while the proposed system shows great potential, further optimization is needed to enhance its usability and reliability in more complex and large-scale scenarios
Beyond Logic: Ibn al-Sarrāǧ’s (d. 316/928) al-Uṣūl fī al-naḥw and the Formation of the Islamic Disciplines
No full textIbn al-Sarrāǧ’s (d. 316/928) Kitāb al-Uṣūl fī al-naḥw is a seminal text in Arabic grammar, traditionally interpreted as primarily structured by Greek logic through disjunctive divisions (taqāsīm). This thesis challenges this dominant view, arguing that Ibn al-Sarrāǧ’s innovations are more comprehensively understood through his engagement with the broader intellectual context of 3rd/9th-4th/10th century Baghdad. It posits that the work reflects dynamic interactions with contemporary Islamic religious sciences (jurisprudence, legal theory, ḥadīṯ studies) and, significantly, the emerging mathematical science of algorithmics.
Through close textual analysis, this study demonstrates Ibn al-Sarrāǧ’s multifaceted role in establishing grammar’s socio-intellectual autonomy and internal structure; pioneering its epistemological foundations by distinguishing discourse levels and theorising sources, paralleling the development of uṣūl al-fiqh; and, crucially, reorganising grammatical data. A central contribution of this thesis is identifying that this data reorganisation, particularly in the syntax section, relies on algorithmic and combinatorial methods that offer a more compelling explanation than an exclusive focus on taqsīm.
By looking “beyond logic,” this research reveals Ibn al-Sarrāǧ not simply as an adopter of external logical frameworks, but as an innovator drawing on diverse contemporary intellectual tools to consolidate and theorise Arabic grammar, offering a nuanced understanding of his work and the intricate formation of Islamic disciplines
The Interplay Between FOXO1 and Non-coding RNAs in Liver Cancer
No full textFOXO1 is a transcription factor which plays a role in organ development and tumorigenesis, where it acts mainly as a tumor suppressor by controlling cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, and programmed cell death via variable mechanisms. In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), FOXO1 has been shown to be downregulated in liver tissues, and the lower expression has been correlated with poor prognosis. In natural killer cells, FOXO1 has been shown to regulate cell maturation and thus its activity. Studies show that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are contributing to the immune response regulation and disease pathogenesis in HCC. Various studies have identified miRNAs as regulators of the cytolytic activity of natural killer (NK) cells against cancers. Thus, the interplay of non-coding RNAs and FOXO1 may have a crucial role in HCC pathogenesis. Accordingly, the focus of our study was to investigate whether non-coding RNAs and FOXO1 regulate one another in a regulatory loop. The objective of our study was to examine non-coding RNAs as upstream regulators of FOXO1and to understand the impact of FOXO1 on downstream non-coding RNAs
“Redefining the Fortress” Migrant Experiences, Adaptation and Connection within Serbian Borderlands
No full textAbstract This thesis seeks to examine migrant experiences due to Serbia\u27s geopolitical significance along the so-called Balkan route, and how this is specifically exemplified in the northern autonomous region of Vojvodina. Serbia’s position outside the external border of the European Union has caused it to be a strategic transit point for migrants en route to desired destinations, typically within Western and Northern Europe. However, the European Union’s externalization policies in partnership with Serbian authorities have played an extensive role in migration mobility patterns and humanitarian conditions for migrants traversing within the Serbian borderlands, specifically along the border with Hungary. The militarization of borders, surveillance technologies, and inhumane pushbacks by Serbian police and Frontex have forced many migrants to remain in Serbia for extended periods, placing them in highly precarious situations. As these pressures increase, NGOs have also been negatively affected as their own capacity to provide essential services and aid towards migrants have been limited due to the rising state measures utilized to slow or halt their operations. This research explores how migrants navigate and maneuver the inherent precarity amidst these particular borderlands. It addresses the tools within their own decision making that migrants may utilize along the route to navigate the daily ripples of the restrictive policies, including transnational solidarity networks, NGOs, or navigating smuggling dynamics in an attempt to mitigate these circumstances. The study aims to dismantle the notion of “Fortress Europe” as an indestructible force and shift agency back to the individual migrant, and investigate the relationship between the EU’s restrictive policies and migrant mobilities, focusing on how migrants adapt and exercise agency despite institutional violence and restrictions. Through an in-depth literature review, analysis of migration regimes, as well as interviews with migrants, NGOs, and other stakeholders, the study will contribute to understanding the broader implications of border securitization and externalization on human rights and migrant mobility in the region