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The concept of 'nature-based solutions' applied to urban coastal risks: A bibliometric and content analysis review
No full textInternational audienceNature-based solutions (NBS) are increasingly proposed as a response to the growing vulnerability of coastal areas to the risks of coastal erosion and flooding. These solutions rely on the functioning of ecosystems to mitigate the effects of coastal hazards. However, the ability of ecosystems to act as buffer zones is being compromised due to increasing urbanization in coastal areas. The implementation of NBS in urbanized coastal areas is becoming a major challenge for our societies, as coastal cities densely concentrate populations and valuable assets. This study has two main objectives: (1) to provide a structured overview of current NBS research and (2) to explore whether and how NBS are utilized in urban coastal risk management. A critical review of the literature serves as a foundation for understanding how NBS is conceptualized, identifies the factors contributing to the ambiguity of the term, and proposes five key elements for defining NBS. A systematic review of 3384 publications from Scopus shows that coastal issues represent a secondary focus in NBS research (14%). Coastal NBS studies primarily address coastal erosion and flooding exacerbated by sea level rise through natural coastal ecosystems. While urban issues related to climate change are at the heart of NBS research, the urban dimension has very little connection with coastal NBS. This article highlights the need for a multifaceted response to manage coastal risks in coastal cities, combining hard and soft engineering (hybrid solutions), inshore and offshore NBS, coastal and stormwater NBS, and regulating urbanization in flood-prone areas. The application of NBS in coastal risk management calls for incorporating natural coastline dynamics into land-use planning and rethinking our fixed modes of coastal occupation. This article provides keys to understanding the concept of NBS to facilitate its integration into coastal risk management plans
Touch Table Interfaces in Therapeutic Rehabilitation: A Systematic Review
No full textInternational audienceTouch tables have become a common interface in recent decades. However, few studies explore their use in therapeutic rehabilitation. This review analyzes publications identified through a systematic search in four literature databases between 1970 and 2023. A total of 29 publications involving three therapeutic uses of touch tables are presented. 11 studies address work on physical remediation, 14 on cognitive training and 11 on collaborative social skills. Results indicate that research on touch tables in rehabilitation is limited in quantity, but that touch tables are regularly proposed into therapy. Their use has produced relatively beneficial effects in motor, cognitive and social therapy. This review highlights the essential role of accessibility for rehabilitation users, whether they are patients or health practitioners. We conclude by presenting recommendations for research and practices, particularly around inclusive approaches and adaptive techniques to further integrate touch tables into the care pathway
Applying explicitation interview to explore the empathic engagement among telephone counsellors in a support helpline.
No full textInternational audienc
Phase diagram of the interacting partially directed self-avoiding walk attracted by a vertical wall
No full textIn the present paper, we consider the interacting partially-directed self-avoiding walk (IPDSAW) attracted by a vertical wall. The IPDSAW was introduced by Zwanzig and Lauritzen (J. Chem. Phys., 1968) as a manner of investigating the collapse transition of a homopolymer dipped in a repulsive solvent. We prove in particular that a surface transition occurs inside the collapsed phase between (i) a regime where the attractive vertical wall does not influence the geometry of the polymer and (ii) a regime where the polymer is partially attached at the wall on a length that is comparable to its horizontal extension, modifying its asymptotic Wulff shape. The latter rigorously confirms the conjecture exposed by physicists in (Physica A: Stat. Mech. \& App., 2002). We push the analysis even further by providing sharp asymptotics of the partition function inside the collapsed phase
Applying the Dempster–Shafer Fusion Theory to Combine Independent Land-Use Maps: A Case Study on the Mapping of Oil Palm Plantations in Sumatra, Indonesia
No full textAll data and codes used are available on a GitHub directory: https://github.com/CarlBethuel/Dempster-Shafer-work.International audienceThe remote sensing community benefits from new sensors and easier access to Earth Observation data to frequently released new land-cover maps. The propagation of such independent and heterogeneous products offers promising perspectives for various scientific domains and for the implementation and monitoring of land-use policies. Yet, it may also confuse the end-users when it comes to identifying the most appropriate product to address their requirements. Data fusion methods can help to combine competing and/or complementary maps in order to capitalize on their strengths while overcoming their limitations. We assessed the potential of the Dempster-Shafer Theory (DST) to enhance oil palm mapping in Sumatra (Indonesia) by combining four land-cover maps, hereafter named DESCALS, IIASA, XU, and MAPBIOMAS, according to the first author's name or the research group that published it. The application of DST relied on four steps: (1) a discernment framework, (2) the assignment of mass functions, (3) the DST fusion rule, and (4) the DST decision rule. Our results showed that the DST decision map achieved significantly higher accuracy (Kappa = 0.78) than the most accurate input product (Kappa = 0.724). The best result was reached by considering the probabilities of pixels to belong to the OP class associated with DESCALS map. In addition, the belief (i.e., confidence) and conflict (i.e., uncertainty) maps produced by DST evidenced that industrial plantations were detected with higher confidence than smallholder plantations. Consequently, Kappa values computed locally were lower in areas dominated by smallholder plantations. Combining land-use products with DST contributes to producing state-of-the-art maps and continuous information for enhanced land-cover analysis
Journée thématique du GDR RSD : pratiques expérimentales de la communauté systèmes et réseaux
No full textCombined nanoindentation and SEM imaging for phase quantification and creep prediction of cementitious materials
No full textInternational audienceThe present article introduces a novel and rapid method for processing nanoindentation data using SEM image analysis, called Auto-NI-SEM (Automatic NanoIndentation-Scanning Electron Microscopy). The originality of the method lies in the exploitation of micromechanical data, coupled with image analysis, by developing a suitable automatic deconvolution method. The method leads to a rapid phase quantification of cement paste phases along with their elastic and viscoelastic properties, essential for accurate prediction of macroscopic properties. The results were validated on cement pastes with different water-to-cement (w/c) ratios. Furthermore, the method was found to be reliable for the detection of minor phases, such as for portlandite in low water-to-cement ratios cement pastes, whose volume fractions are in line with those measured by thermogravimetric analysis. Finally, the refined properties helped to accurately predict the cement pastes creep using an analytical homogenization scheme, which was confirmed by microindentation measurements