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Vu / Portfolio : la mise en image des déchets dans la ville : objets et matières (partie 1)
No full textInternational audienceUrbanités -Mai 2025 VuLes 5, 6 et 7 février 2024 se sont tenues à l'Université du Mans les deuxièmes Doctoriales de Rudologie 1 , réunissant plus d'une soixantaine de chercheur⸱ses autour du thème « Ce que l'immonde dit du monde : étudier les déchets en Sciences Humaines et Sociales (SHS) ». Le colloque comportait quatre sessions de communications de doctorant•es ou de jeunes docteur⸱es, associées à des conférences de chercheur⸱ses. Les enjeux épistémologiques, réflexifs et méthodologiques de la recherche en SHS sur l'objet déchet étaient au coeur de l'événement : définition des notions, posture des chercheur⸱ses, outils méthodologiques, accès au terrain, collecte des données, diffusion des résultats, etc. Des présentations, des posters et des échanges ont porté sur les problématiques liées à la mise en image des déchets dans la ville. Dans ce double portfolio pour Urbanités, le Collectif Rudologie 2024, pluridisciplinaire (géographie, sociologie, économie, histoire, droit, etc.) et né à l'issue de cet événement, vous en propose un panorama.1 La rudologie désigne l'étude systémique des déchets (territoriale, sociale, politique et technique) et vise à comprendre ce que l'objet déchet révèle de nos sociétés (Gouhier, 2000). « Initiant son approche par l'étude des déchets, la rudologie a donc glissé, dès sa fondation, vers l'ensemble de l'étude des marges sociales et territoriales, croisant alors de nombreux travaux sur les inégalités ou les vulnérabilités » (Durand, 2024 : 22).</div
Absolute blood levels and kinetics of neurofilament light (NFL) chains for neurological prognosis in comatose patients after cardiac arrest
No full textInternational audienceIntroduction Despite current guidelines, the prognosis of comatose patients after cardiac arrest (CA) remains indeterminate in approximately 50% of patients. Neurofilament light (NFL) chain, a biomarker of neuronal injury, appears to be a promising tool with better prognostic value compared to neuron-specific enolase (NSE). However, further studies are required. The objective was to evaluate the prognostic value of absolute blood levels and kinetics of NFL measured at 24, 48 and 72 h after CA to predict outcome.Methods A prospective study conducted at a tertiary CA center conducted between April 2023 and November 2024, including 67 comatose patients after CA with at least one blood NFL measurement. The primary outcome was neurological outcome according to the "best" modified Rankin scale (mRS) within 3 months, with a mRS 0-3 defining a good outcome. ResultsParticipants were 64 years old (IQR [53-75]), and 67% were male. 60% of them had out-of-hospital CA and 42% had an initial shockable rhythm. NFL levels were significantly higher in patients with unfavorable outcome compared to those with favorable outcome at each time point (24 h: 256.</div
Adjuvant Cemiplimab or Placebo in High-Risk Cutaneous Squamous-Cell Carcinoma
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Patients who have cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma with high-risk features are at risk for recurrence after definitive local therapy. The benefit of systemic adjuvant therapy options has not been well established in clinical trials.Methods: In a phase 3, randomized trial, we enrolled patients with local or regional cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma, after surgical resection and postoperative radiotherapy, at high risk for recurrence owing to nodal features (extracapsular extension with largest node ≥20 mm in diameter or at least three involved nodes) or nonnodal features (in-transit metastases, T4 lesion [with bone invasion], perineural invasion, or locally recurrent tumor with ≥1 additional risk feature). Patients were assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive adjuvant cemiplimab (350 mg) or placebo, administered intravenously every 3 weeks for 12 weeks, followed by a dose increase to 700 mg administered every 6 weeks for up to 36 weeks (≤48 weeks total). The primary end point was disease-free survival. Secondary end points included freedom from locoregional recurrence, freedom from distant recurrence, and safety.Results: A total of 415 patients were assigned to cemiplimab (209) or placebo (206). The median follow-up was 24 months. Cemiplimab was superior to placebo with respect to disease-free survival (24 vs. 65 events; hazard ratio for disease recurrence or death, 0.32; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.20 to 0.51; P<0.001). The estimated 24-month disease-free survival was 87.1% (95% CI, 80.3 to 91.6) with cemiplimab and 64.1% (95% CI, 55.9 to 71.1) with placebo. Cemiplimab led to lower risks of locoregional recurrence (9 events, vs. 40 with placebo; hazard ratio, 0.20; 9% CI, 0.09 to 0.40) and distant recurrence (10 vs. 26 events; hazard ratio, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.17 to 0.72). Adverse events of grade 3 or higher occurred in 23.9% of the patients who received cemiplimab and in 14.2% of those who received placebo; discontinuation due to adverse events occurred in 9.8% and 1.5%, respectively.Conclusions: Adjuvant cemiplimab therapy led to longer disease-free survival than placebo among patients at high risk for recurrence of cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma. (Funded by Regeneron Pharmaceuticals and Sanofi; C-POST ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03969004.)
La négociation d'entreprise sur la qualité de vie et les conditions de travail, une deuxième génération d'accords
No full textInternational audienc
Use or Produce - Carbon Impact of a Video Streaming Device
No full textInternational audienceThis paper presents a detailed carbon-centered Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) of a video streaming device designed for long-term operation. We chose a development board with a screen to have full control on its operation, for which we have detailed information on its components allowing us to accurately model emissions from the production to the use of the device. Concerning its use, we perform a dedicated measurement series to determine the actual power consumption in different video playback scenarios and develop a linear power estimation model, which we use to evaluate different usage scenarios. The resulting LCA indicates that potential savings are highest when exploiting low-power sleep modes or switching off the device during its lifetime. When operating the device in a country with low carbon intensity, production and usage show similar emissions, while in countries with medium to high carbon emissions, the usage of the device causes significantly higher emissions
Structure and ion conducting properties of mixed-alkali Na<sub>3– x</sub>Li<sub> x</sub>InCl<sub>6</sub> solid electrolytes
No full textInternational audienceBall-milled and annealed Na3– xLi xInCl6 samples exhibit a solubility limit at x = 0.6 and a monoclinic-to-trigonal phase transition. Neutron diffraction and impedance spectroscopy suggest a connected Li network with enhanced ionic conductivity
Une ferme gauloise à l’aube de La Tène sur le plateau de Trémuson (Côtes-d’Armor) (ve-iiie s. av. n.è)
No full textInternational audienceAn excavation at Trémuson (Côtes-d’Armor) has provided the opportunity to study a Late Iron Age settlement identified during aerial surveys carried out in 2000. The site is located on the Trémuson plateau, in a favourable spot on fertile land on the edge of the plateau that slopes gently towards the east, offering a wide panoramic view. To the north and south, streams have created small valleys, while to the east, the river Gouët, which flows into the sea at the port of Légué in Saint-Brieuc, has created a deeper valley.Although the excavation only covered part of the occupation, it did provide a broad outline. The foundation of the farm appears to date back to the 5th century BC. It was set within an enclosure covering an area of around 7,000 m² surrounded by a large ditch. Inside the enclosure, the space is carefully laid out: palisades separate the forecourt from the residential part of the farm at the far end. A porch-style entrance provides access between these two distinct areas. In the residential area, three dugout features were discovered: two cellars and a storeroom, as well as enough postholes to give a glimpse of the layout of the buildings: annexes, but also perhaps the main house facing the entrance near to the largest of the cellars. All of these features, together with some finely decorated pottery, underline the privileged status of this dwelling. The finds, mainly from the final backfill of the underground passageways, the cellar and the enclosure ditch, suggest that the site was abandoned no later than the middle of the 3rd century BC.L’opération archéologique menée à Trémuson (Côtes-d’Armor) a permis d’étudier un habitat du second âge du Fer repéré lors de prospections aériennes menées dans les années 2000. Le site est installé sur le plateau de Trémuson, à un emplacement tout à fait favorable : on est ici sur des terres fertiles, sur le rebord du plateau qui, s’inclinant doucement vers l’est, offre un large panorama. Au nord et au sud, des ruisseaux ont créé de petits vallons, tandis qu’à l’est, le Gouët qui rejoint la mer au port du Légué à Saint-Brieuc a façonné une véritable vallée.Bien que la fouille n’ait couvert qu’une partie de l’occupation, elle a permis d’en brosser les grands traits. La fondation de la ferme semble remonter au ve s. av. n. è. Elle s’inscrit dans un enclos délimité par un imposant fossé, dont la superficie pourrait avoisiner les 7 000 m². À l’intérieur, l’espace est soigneusement organisé : des palissades séparent l’avant-cour de la partie résidentielle de la ferme située au fond de l’enclos. Une entrée de type porche assure la liaison entre ces deux espaces distincts. Dans la partie résidentielle, trois structures excavées ont été mises au jour : deux souterrains et un cellier, ainsi que suffisamment de trous de poteau pour entrevoir le plan de bâtiments : des annexes, mais aussi peut-être la maison principale située dans le prolongement de l’entrée et aux abords du plus grand des souterrains. Tous ces aspects, auxquels s’ajoutent des céramiques finement décorées, semblent indiquer le statut privilégié de cet habitat. Le mobilier, principalement issu du comblement terminal des souterrains, du cellier et du fossé d’enclos invite à penser que le site est abandonné au plus tard au milieu du iiie s. av. n. è
Co-construction d'un dispositif sur la Transition Écologique pour un Développement Soutenable (TEDS) : une expérimentation du décloisonnement des composantes au sein de l'Université Bretagne Sud
No full textInternational audienceFollowing publication of the ministerial guidelines for training all undergraduates in ecological transition for sustainable development (TEDS) in France, the University of Southern Brittany launched a co-design project. TEDS training referents (teachers and teacher-researchers from each of the university's faculties), a project manager and a pedagogical engineer are working together to create a common TEDS course. A number of difficulties can be identified in codesigning this type of course, including the ability to move beyond disciplinary fields, time pressure for teachers-(researchers), a high degree of individualization and autonomy in their work, and a posture change in teaching transition challenges. In this context, we studied some key factors favoring the co-design of a TEDS course at the University of Southern Brittany. These key factors relate both to the co-design methodology and to the quality of interpersonal relations between members of the university working group.Suite à la publication de la note de cadrage ministérielle pour former tous les étudiants du premier cycle à la transition écologique pour un développement soutenable (TEDS) en France, l'Université Bretagne Sud a lancé un chantier de co-construction. Des référents formation TEDS (enseignants et enseignants-chercheurs de chaque composante de l'université), un chargé de projet et un ingénieur pédagogique travaillent ensemble afin de réaliser un dispositif commun à la TEDS. Plusieurs difficultés peuvent être identifiées dans un travail de co-construction de ce type de dispositif, notamment la capacité à sortir des champs disciplinaires, la pression temporelle pour les enseignants-(chercheurs) ainsi qu'une forte individualisation et autonomie dans leur travail, un changement de posture pour enseigner les enjeux de la transition. Nous avons étudié dans ce cadre-là des facteurs-clé favorisant la co-construction d'un dispositif TEDS à l'Université Bretagne Sud. Ces facteurs-clé portent à la fois sur la méthodologie de coconstruction et sur la qualité des relations interpersonnelles des membres du groupe de travail universitaire
High metabolic versatility and phenotypic heterogeneity in a marine non-cyanobacterial diazotroph
No full textInternational audienceMarine non-cyanobacterial diazotrophs (NCDs) are widespread in the oceans, but the processes controlling nitrogen fixation in cell populations remain understudied. In this study, we combined highthroughput sequencing, genetic and physiological characterization, and single-cell quantification of nitrogenase expression to investigate the growth strategies of the marine NCD Vibrio diazotrophicus. We demonstrate that this marine NCD is highly versatile, capable of utilizing a broad range of organic and inorganic nitrogen sources. Quantitative fluorescence microscopy revealed intense posttranscriptional regulation of nitrogenase expression and that V. diazotrophicus regulates both the proportion of cells and their nitrogenase expression levels based on ammonium concentration in an NtrC-dependent manner. We also found that this phenotypic heterogeneity in nitrogenase expression is more widespread among marine NCDs, suggesting it is a conserved trait. These findings help explain their high abundance in the oceans and deepen our understanding of their ecological importance.Please note that this is an author-produced PDF of an article accepted for publication following peer review. The definitive publisher-authenticated version is available on the publisher Web site
