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Communicating the risk of erosion: the effects of map-based communication on risk perception and affect
No full textInternational audienceThis study firstly aims to understand the impacts of map representations of coastal erosion on risk perception and affects of lay citizens. Secondly, it aims to study the effect of differing design of cartographic features on observation and interpretation of the message conveyed by different maps. Seven maps were presented to the participants (N = 50), varying according endogenous (abstraction, regalian cartridge) and exogenous characteristics (background, colours). A questionnaire interrogated risk perception and affect before and after observation, while eye-tracking data were recorded during the observation of each map. This experiment shows that communicating erosion risk by maps reduces perceived knowledge of risk but also reduces fear of the risk. The abstraction level significantly impacts observation patterns: correlation maps seem to guide visual attention in a more relevant way and to convey the message more clearly and effectively than other types of maps. But there is no influence of the other characteristics even if interviews show that colours seem to influence the message interpretatio
From Realistic and Automated Fish Digital Twin to Data Ethics: Building Reproducible Pipelines and Dataset for Biological AI
No full textInternational audienceThis paper presents a limited and preliminary automated pipeline for generating hydrodynamic digital twins of fish from real-world experimental data, combining computer vision, computational fluid dynamics (CFD), and ethical AI practices. Using a YOLOv8 segmentation model trained on manuallylabeled laboratory video recordings, the system extracts fish motion and integrates it into a dimensionless CFD simulation via the HAACHAMA framework. The resulting digital twins closely replicate vortex dynamics observed in nature and enable pressure field estimation without invasive techniques such asParticle Image Velocimetry (PIV). This work demonstrates the feasibility of automated, biologically respectful simulation in aquatic environments and contributes an open-source dataset to support reproducible research. Broader applications include ecological monitoring, bio-inspired robotics, and fish passage optimization, addressing emerging challenges in ethical, cross-disciplinary AI. Building on this proof of concept, the second part of the paper shifts focus toward the critical challenge of scaling the system through the construction of a robust and ethically grounded dataset. Given the widely reported reproducibility crisis in experimental sciences, the creation of such a dataset must go beyond quantity and embrace a reflective framework of quality. We propose key considerations for dataset design in this context: methodological transparency to ensure experimental repeatability; tooling and annotation consistency for reproducibility across computational processes; adherence to ethical standards concerning animal handling and data privacy; durable and open-access storage solutions to promote equitable availability; and careful licensing choices that balance openness with appropriate use. This discussion aims to articulate a roadmap for constructing meaningful datasets at the intersection of AI, biology, and ethics - positioning data not only as a technical resource, but as a socio-technical infrastructure that underpins trustworthy scientific advancement
A European survey on anaerobes from paediatric blood cultures: a comparative analysis with adults
No full textInternational audienceInfections caused by anaerobes are common in children. However, limited data are available on bloodstream infections caused by these bacteria in Europe. A multicentre retrospective observational study was conducted over a 4-year period (2020-2023) across 44 European hospitals to analyze all anaerobes isolated from blood cultures. The study examined the epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance profiles of anaerobes identified in paediatric patients, comparing the findings with those observed in adults. Among the 14,527 total anaerobic isolates, 186 (1.3%) were detected from paediatric patients. These were predominantly Gram-positive (70%) and Gram-negative (22%) bacilli. The most prevalent species in paediatric patients were Cutibacterium acnes (24.7%), Schaalia odontolytica (9.7%), Actinomyces oris (8.1%), and Bacteroides fragilis (7.5%). Relative feature importance based on the mean SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) values distinguished paediatric patients and adults based on their antibiotic resistance patterns with high accuracy. Compared to those from adult patients, Gram-positive bacilli detected in paediatric samples displayed higher resistance rates for meropenem (15% vs. 9%), metronidazole (52% vs. 24%), and vancomycin (27% vs. 6%), and lower resistance to benzylpenicillin (11% vs. 17%), amoxicillin/clavulanate (9% vs. 17%), and clindamycin (30% vs. 36%). Gram-negative bacilli in paediatric samples displayed lower resistance to benzylpenicillin (18% vs. 29%), piperacillin/tazobactam (26% vs. 33%), and clindamycin (20% vs. 27%), and they were highly susceptible to imipenem, meropenem, and metronidazole as those detected in adult patients. Bacteroides species detected in paediatric and adult patients displayed high resistance to piperacillin/tazobactam (33% vs. 39%) and clindamycin (38% vs. 29%), while they were highly susceptible to metronidazole. Compared to those from adult samples, Cutibacterium acnes in paediatric patients displayed lower resistance to benzylpenicillin (none vs. 15%) and clindamycin (17% vs. 29%). The comparison of species and susceptibility profiles of anaerobes detected in paediatric and adult patients highlighted the importance of reporting antimicrobial susceptibility surveillance data by age group
1578 Pushing the boundaries of SBRT in irradiated territories for nodal oligorecurrent prostate cancer: outcomes of the CYGNUS retrospective study
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Identification of ecoclimatic indicators of esca disease through 20 years of large-scale vineyard monitoring in France
No full textInternational audiencePlant disease incidence depends on host and pathogen phenology, and the abiotic environment.Plant health and productivity are, therefore, strongly influenced by global environmental changes, particularly for perennial crops, such as grapevines. Esca is a vascular disease causing significant damage to vines globally. The incidence of esca leaf symptoms varies considerably between cultivars, but also between years probably due to climatic conditions. However, the impact of climate on esca incidence as a function of grapevine cultivar phenology remains unclear, as largescale analyses and long-term monitoring coupled to ecoclimatic indicators (climatic indicators calculated over phenological phases) are lacking. We employed a statistical modeling approach to evaluate the influence of climate on esca leaf symptom incidence, considering grapevine phenology, across 493 vineyards in France planted with 10 cultivars from 2003 to 2022. Our analysis identified ecoclimatic indicators that impacted annual esca incidence (proportion of symptomatic plants per vineyard at the end of the summer). The effect of mean temperature during dormancy and in-season active growth differs in its effect on annual esca incidence. Esca incidence increased significantly with soil wetness index (SWI) and evapotranspiration during active growth.We found that the climate of the current year had a greater impact on the incidence of esca than that of the preceding year, depending on the succession of favorable (wet) and unfavorable (dry) years. Our results suggest that the risk of vascular diseases, such as esca, will probably decrease with increases in the frequency and severity of periods of drought and high temperatures in the spring and summer.</div
Current use of donor lymphocyte infusions after allogenic stem cell transplantation in Europe: a survey on behalf of the cellular therapy and immunobiology working party of the EBMT
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Urgent need: evidence-based use of donor lymphocyte infusions – Authors' reply
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Régulation publique et négociation collective sur les qualifications en France
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A Design of a Compact Coplanar Low Pass Filter for THz applications
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Imaging Mass Cytometry to Decipher the Maturation of Tertiary Lymphoid Structures
No full textInternational audienceIn the realm of inflammation, including conditions like cancers, infections, and autoimmune diseases, the emergence of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) holds significant implications for prognosis and treatment response. Yet, traditional methodologies such as immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence falter in capturing the nuanced complexities of TLS, necessitating innovative approaches, like imaging mass cytometry (IMC), to unravel their significance. With the capacity to concurrently assess nearly 40 markers within the same tissue section, IMC transcends the constraints of traditional approaches.This chapter delineates the IMC methodology tailored for TLS visualization and subsequent quantification. By leveraging IMC on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) sections of human colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues, we aim to establish a standardized protocol that elucidates the intricacies of TLS dynamics and composition