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L’action de groupe dans l’œil du cyclone (Cass. soc., 5 novembre 2025, n° 24-15.269)
No full textInternational audienc
Vanadium thiocarboxylate metal–organic frameworks as efficient photocatalysts for photooxidative desulfurization
No full textInternational audienceNew vanadium-carboxythiolate MOFs were synthesized, structurally characterized and evaluated as photocatalysts for photooxidative desulfurization
Current knowledge and perspectives on the emerging Inquilinus limosus pathogen
No full textInternational audienceInquilinus limosus is a nonfermentative Gram-negative rod that has been reported as an emergent pathogen, particularly in chronic respiratory diseases. I. limosus was first isolated from the airways of a lung transplant patient suffering from cystic fibrosis (CF). As I. limosus is almost exclusively recovered from the airways of CF patients, its identification may be challenging for non-CF specialists. Indeed, I. limosus is mainly isolated from the airways of CF patients, and its pathogenesis and treatments are still debated. We have extensively reported and reviewed the different clinical cases described in the literature, the identification methods used, and the antimicrobial susceptibility testing performed. Therefore, we provide here an exhaustive description of the phenotypic features and antimicrobial susceptibilities of I. limosus . Only seven I. limosus genomes are currently available in public databases. These genomes are not fully assembled and therefore allow only partial genomic analyses, which could not unveil antimicrobial resistance determinants or virulence factors. They are approximately 7 Mb in size and encode between 6,036 and 7,483 genes. Given that the available genomes are incomplete, our genomic analyses are still limited and would undoubtedly benefit from further fully sequenced and annotated genomes to provide additional information on the antibiotic resistance and pathogenesis of I. limosus . We anticipate that our review will be a starting point for more genome sequencing studies, as well as epidemiological studies, to provide additional information on I. limosus for better management of patients
Intégrer des enjeux éthiques, sociétaux et environnementaux dans un cours de conception d'algorithmes
No full textThis document, intended for computer science teachers, describes a case study that puts into practice a questioning of ethical, societal and environmental issues when designing or implementing a decision support system. This study is based on a very popular application, namely road navigation software that informs users of real-time traffic conditions and suggests routes between a starting point and a destination, taking these conditions into account (such as Waze). The approach proposes to intertwine technical considerations (optimal path algorithms, data needed for location, etc.) with a broader view of the ethical, environmental and societal issues raised by the tools studied. Based on the authors' experience conducting sessions with students over several years, this document discusses the context of such a study, suggests teaching resources for implementing it, describes ways to structure discussions, and shares scenarios in different teaching contexts.Ce document, à destination des enseignants d'informatique, décrit une étude de cas qui met en pratique un questionnement sur les enjeux éthiques, sociétaux et environnementaux lors de la conception ou de la mise en œuvre d’un algorithme d'aide à la décision. Cette étude s'appuie sur une application très populaire, à savoir un logiciel d’aide à la navigation routière informant les utilisateurs des conditions de trafic en temps réel, et leur proposant des itinéraires entre une origine et une destination en tenant compte de ces conditions (type Waze). L'approche propose d'entrelacer des considérations techniques (algorithmes de chemins optimaux, données nécessaires pour se localiser, etc.) et une prise de recul sur les enjeux éthiques, environnementaux et sociétaux des outils étudiés. En s'appuyant sur l'expérience conduite par les auteurs depuis plusieurs années en séance face à des étudiants, ce document discute le contexte d'une telle étude, propose des ressources pédagogiques pour mettre en œuvre cette étude, décrit des pistes pour structurer les échanges et partage des scénarisations dans différents contextes pédagogiques
Chloride diffusivity and electrical resistivity of slag-based concrete reinforced by steel fibers: experimental study and multiscale modeling
No full textInternational audienceThis study is part of a project investigating the possible use of slag-based concretes reinforced by steel fibers for various structures of critical interest, exposed to marine environments and aimed at improving the characteristics of the structure compared to the classical solution of plain reinforced concretes. Four concrete mix designs were investigated featuring various fiber contents: 0 (i.e., without fiber), 20 kg.m-3, 40 kg.m-3 and 60 kg.m-3. Mechanical properties and durability indicators were tested, focusing on chloride diffusivity (migration tests) and electrical resistivity (Wenner tests). Migration tests showed that chloride diffusivity increases moderately (13%) between 0 and 40 kg.m-3 fiber content and more strongly (36%) between 40 kg.m-3 and 60 kg.m-3 fiber content. With regard to mechanical properties, the best compromise for fiber content is 40 kg.m-3. By using a multiscale homogenization model coupled with an existing hydration model, the effect of fibers on the durability indicators is determined. It successfully reproduces the increases in resistivity as a function of time and its decreases as a function of fiber content. The moderate increase in chloride diffusivity with fiber content (≤ 40 kg.m-3) is also well reproduced by accounting for an interphase of 22 µm width around the fibers
Target trial emulation to replicate randomised clinical trials using registry data in multiple sclerosis
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Target trial emulation (TTE) offers a formal framework for causal inference using observational data, but its validity must be evaluated in each research domain by replicating randomised clinical trials (RCTs). We aimed to replicate eight RCTs evaluating the efficacy of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) in multiple sclerosis (MS) using French registry data.Methods: This multicentre, retrospective, observational study was conducted using data extracted in December 2023 from the Observatoire Français de la Sclérose en Plaques (OFSEP) database. For each emulated trial, patients were included when they initiated one of the DMT evaluated in the corresponding RCT and met its inclusion criteria. Clinical outcomes were the annualised relapse rate and 3-month confirmed Expanded Disability Status Scale progression. Radiological outcomes were new/enlarged T2-lesions and new gadolinium-enhanced T1-lesions on a brain MRI. A targeted maximum likelihood estimator was used to estimate the treatment effect adjusted for confounding factors between groups and corrected for censoring and missing outcome assessment.Results: 14 111 patients were included in eight emulated trials: ASSESS (fingolimod vs glatiramer acetate), BEYOND (interferon beta vs glatiramer acetate), CONFIRM (dimethyl fumarate (DMF) vs glatiramer acetate), OPERA (ocrelizumab vs interferon beta), REGARD (interferon beta vs glatiramer acetate), RIFUND-MS (rituximab vs DMF), TENERE (teriflunomide vs interferon beta) and TRANSFORMS (fingolimod vs interferon beta). Treatment effects estimated in emulated trials were concordant with RCT findings in seven of eight trials for relapse rate, and in all six trials assessing disability progression. Radiological outcomes were more challenging to replicate; concordance was achieved in three of five trials for new T2-lesions, and one of four trials for new gadolinium-enhanced T1-lesions.Conclusion: The combined use of a TTE methodology and high-quality registry data is a valid tool to evaluate treatment effectiveness in MS
Flow in small systems in the EPOS4 approach for high-energy scatterings
No full textInternational audienceEPOS4 is based on a sophisticated (recently significantly improved) parallel-primary-scattering scenario followed by a hydrodynamic expansion, for all collision systems, from small ones such as proton-proton () to big ones such as lead-lead (PbPb). Having already reported on identified particle spectra in recent publications (providing information about radial flow), I discuss here the multiplicity dependence of multi-particle cumulants and flow harmonics, to better understand collectivity in small systems. The model is not particularly tuned for flow results, but it is a "general purpose" approach, trying to accommodate various types of observables with the same model
On the magnetic Dirichlet to Neumann operator on the exterior of the disk -diamagnetism, weak-magnetic field limit and flux effects
No full text28 pagesInternational audienceIn this paper, we analyze the magnetic Dirichlet-to-Neumann operator (D-to-N map) Λ(b, ν) on the exterior of the disk with respect to a magnetic potential A b,ν = A b + Aν where, for b ∈ R and ν ∈ R, A b (x, y) = b (-y, x) and Aν (x, y) is the Aharonov-Bohm potential centered at the origin of ux 2πν. First, we show that the limit of Λ(b, ν) as b → 0 is equal to the D-to-N map Λ(ν) on the interior of the disk associated with the potential Aν (x, y). Secondly, we study the ground state energy of the D-to-N map Λ(b, ν) and show that the strong diamagnetism property holds. Finally we slightly extend to the exterior case the asymptotic results obtained in the interior case for general domains.</div
