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法国汉学形成的历史 - 十八世纪法国学者对汉语的学习和研究
No full textThis article focusses on the period when French Sinology was officially established in the 18th century, and re-sorts out the Chinese learning and Chinese research of French scholars. France is not only the birthplace of Sinology, but also has led the world's research in the field of Sinology since the 19th century. However, the formation of any mature discipline is not achieved overnight, and the same is true for the study of Chinese in France. Before the establishment of the first Sinology faculty in the French Academy in 1814, the study of French Chinese and Chinese language and culture was in the budding stage of Sinology during the reign of Louis XIV. The academic community generally believes that this stage is the importance of missionary Sinology, especially the contribution of the King of France in 1685, which is an indisputable fact. This article hopes to explore the contribution and influence of French scholars on the formation of Sinology during this period by sorting out the historical materials of Chinese learning by French domestic scholars in the 18th century.Cet article se concentre sur la période où la sinologie française a été officiellement établie au XVIIIe siècle, et rééquivre l'apprentissage chinois et la recherche chinois des érudits français. La France n'est pas seulement le berceau de la sinologie, mais a également dirigé la recherche mondiale dans le domaine de la sinologie depuis le XIXe siècle. Cependant, la formation d'une discipline mature n'est pas réalisée du jour au lendemain, et il en va de même pour l'étude du chinois en France. Avant la création de la première faculté de sinologie à l'Académie française en 1814, l'étude du chinois français et de la langue et de la culture chinoises était dans la phase naissante de la sinologie sous le règne de Louis XIV. La communauté universitaire croit généralement que cette étape est l'importance de la Sinologie missionnaire, en particulier la contribution du Roi de France en 1685, qui est un fait incontestable. Cet article espère explorer la contribution et l'influence des érudits français sur la formation de la sinologie pendant cette période en triant les matériaux historiques de l'apprentissage du chinois par les érudits nationaux français au XVIIIe siècle.本文以十八世纪法国汉学正式成立这个时期为研究对象，对法国学者汉语学习和对汉语的研究进行重新梳理。法国不但是汉学的发源地，还从十九世纪起引领了世界汉学领域的研究。然而任何一个成熟的学科的形成都不是一蹴而就的， 法国的汉语研究亦是如此。在1814年法兰西学院设立第一个汉学教席之前，法国汉语和中国语言文化的研究在路易十四时期就已经处于汉学的萌芽阶段。 学界普遍认为这一阶段是传教士汉学，尤其是1685年法国国王数学家的贡献非常重要，这是无需争辩的事实。本文希望通过梳理十八世纪法国国内学者的汉语学习的史料来探讨这一时期法国学者对汉学形成的的贡献和影响
The notion of « Conservative destruction »: cyclical obliteration and definitive closure. New data from Incoronata
No full textInternational audienc
Seasonal dynamics of mudflat foraminifera linked to diatom species and traits
No full textInternational audienceThe trophic ecology of benthic foraminifera in intertidal mudflats is closely linked to diatoms, a dominant component of the microphytobenthos (MPB). Although experimental studies and metabarcoding have clarified foraminiferal diets, in situ assessments of the temporal dynamics of diatoms and foraminifera remain limited. In this study, we examined the seasonal dynamics of adult (> 150 µm) foraminiferal species over a notable 3.5-year monthly monitoring period at the La Coupelasse mudflat (Bay of Bourgneuf, French Atlantic coast). We related these dynamics to 25 environmental variables and to diatom assemblages, focusing on their traits (size, shape, and life-form). La Coupelasse exhibited a clear seasonal pattern driven by bay hydrodynamics, which regulated the availability of redox-sensitive metals, nutrients, and MPB biomass, thereby shaping the environmental context for benthic communities. Diatom traits, whether considered individually or in combination (“size + shape + life-form”), revealed distinct seasonal strategies that complemented species-level analyses. While species-level data provided a detailed understanding of foraminiferal temporal dynamics, combining diatom traits offered a more effective way to identify seasonal dietary shifts. The four dominant foraminiferal species occupied different seasonal niches, with Ammonia confertitesta and Haynesina germanica showing synchronized biannual peaks in spring and autumn, but differed in dietary responses, as H. germanica responded only to diatom shape. Elphidium oceanense displayed a single annual peak in early autumn, corresponding to a broader trophic flexibility across diatom traits, while Elphidium selseyense showed a late spring peak and remained enigmatic regarding its diatom food preferences. Overall, using combined diatom traits outperformed both species identity and MPB biomass in predicting foraminiferal patterns, highlighting their potential to simplify diatom–foraminifera trophic ecology by overcoming diatom taxonomic constraints. These findings shed light on our understanding of benthic ecology and suggest that trait-based approaches, when integrated with spatial and microbiome data, can enhance predictions of ecosystem responses to environmental change
Hadron Physics Opportunities at FAIR
No full textInternational audienceThis White Paper outlines a coordinated, decade-spanning programme of hadron and QCD studies anchored at the GSI/FAIR accelerator complex. Profiting from intense deuteron, proton and pion beams coupled with high-rate capable detectors and an international theory effort, the initiative addresses fundamental questions related to the strong interaction featuring confinement and dynamical mass generation. This includes our understanding of hadron-hadron interactions and the composition of hadrons through mapping the baryon and meson spectra, including exotic states, and quantifying hadron structure. This interdisciplinary research connects topics in the fields of nuclear, heavy-ion, and (nuclear) astro (particle) physics, linking, for example, terrestrial data to constraints on neutron star structure. A phased roadmap with SIS100 accelerator start-up and envisaged detector upgrades will yield precision cross sections, transition form factors, in-medium spectral functions, and validated theory inputs. Synergies with external programmes at international accelerator facilities worldwide are anticipated. The programme is expected to deliver decisive advances in our understanding of non-perturbative (strong) QCD and astrophysics, and high-rate detector and data-science technology
Characterization of CRYO ASIC for charge readout in the nEXO experiment
No full textInternational audiencenEXO is a proposed next-generation experiment searching for the neutrinoless double beta decay of Xe using a tonne-scale liquid xenon (LXe) time projection chamber (TPC). To image the ionization signals from events in the liquid xenon, the detector will employ metallized fused-silica charge collection tiles instrumented with cryogenic application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), referred to as CRYO ASIC, which are designed to operate directly in LXe to minimize input capacitance and pick-up noise. Here we present the performance of the CRYO ASIC mounted on an auxiliary printed circuit board and evaluated both in a cryogenic environmental chamber and in a dedicated LXe test stand. We demonstrate that the ASICs achieve the desired performance at liquid xenon temperatures, showing a gain stability better than 0.2% over 24-hour operation and reliable in-situ calibration using an on-chip pulser. In the LXe test stand, we show that boiling caused by the chip heat dissipation can be mitigated by operating the system above ~0.1 MPa. The in-LXe noise measured agrees with simulation, which indicates it the design requirement can be satisfied. These results establish CRYO ASIC as a viable low-noise in-LXe charge readout solution for nEXO
Coexistence of shapes and octupole correlation in <math><mmultiscripts><mi>Kr</mi><mprescripts/><none/><mn>82</mn></mmultiscripts></math>
No full textInternational audienceLow- and intermediate-spin negative-parity band structures have been investigated in the Kr82 nucleus using the fusion-evaporation reaction Ge76 (Be9, 3n) at ELab≈31 MeV. Lifetimes of the states of interest in Kr82 have been measured using the Doppler shift attenuation method with the help of the Indian National Gamma Array, and the parity of the states has been confirmed from polarization measurements. The deduced B(M1) and B(E2) values from the lifetime measurements in comparison with the particle rotor model and the total Routhian surfaces calculations reveal that the bands DB1 and DB2 are based on the collective oblate and prolate deformed core, respectively. The enhanced electric dipole strengths, B(E1)s, and dipole moments, |D0|s, for the parity-changing transitions connecting the negative-parity bands DB1 and DB2 to the ground-state positive-parity band QB1 ensure the octupole correlation in Kr82
VLSF Decoding with Reliability Guarantees over Correlated Noncoherent Fading Channels
No full textThis report studies reliability-guaranteed decoding for variable-length stop-feedback (VLSF) codes over correlated noncoherent fading channels. The decoding rule is based on the evolution of the information density associated with a channel input-output realization. Due to channel memory, exact evaluation of this information density is intractable. To enable a constructive decoding, computable finite-blocklength lower and upper bounds on the information density that hold uniformly over time along each input-output sequence are derived. The lower bound enables a stopping-time analysis for VLSF decoding and has an operational meaning, while the upper bound quantifies the relaxation gap. Moreover, the relaxation gap between the bounds is explicitly characterized. For Gaussian signaling, the stopping-time distribution and the impact of fading correlation on decoding performance are numerically studied
Review.Laura Gianvittorio-Ungar, Narratives at play in Aeschylus : perspectives on genre and poetics, Leiden, Brill, coll. Mnemosyne, bibliotheca classica Batava, 2025.Bryn Mawr Classical Review
No full textInternational audienceReview of a book centered on Aeschylus' stagecraft. The author claims that narrativity (how the events are related and how the characters react to them) lies at the core of early Greek tragedy. The ambition is to demonstrate that the narratives do not undermine theatricality, despite challenging the traditional conception of tragedy based on action.Il s'agit d'un compte-rendu d'un ouvrage sur l'art dramaturgique d'Eschyle. L'auteure défend l'idée que la narrativité (façon dont les événements sont racontés et dont les personnages y réagissent) constitue le noyau de la tragédie grecque à ses débuts. Son ambition est de démontrer que les récits ne font pas obstacle à la théâtralité, bien qu'ils mettent à l'épreuve la conception traditionnelle d'une tragédie fondée sur l'action
Training for Mixed-Precision Integer Weights, Activations and Embeddings in BERT
No full textInternational audiencePre-trained language models (LMs) deliver strong performance across a wide range of Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks but remain costly to deploy on embedded devices due to their high memory and compute requirements. A widely used strategy for adapting LMs to resource-constrained devices is aggressive quantization. At low bit-widths, mixed-precision schemes, where different components of the model use different numerical precisions, offer an effective balance between compression and accuracy. In this work, we evaluate the impact of mixed-precision quantization for inference on the BERT language model. Unlike prior studies that often overlook activation quantization, our evaluation systematically explores mixed-precision configurations for both weights and activations. We also examine the effects of quantizing the embedding layer, which is commonly limited to token-weight quantization. Evaluated on the SQuAD and GLUE benchmarks, our approach achieves substantial reductions in memory and computational cost without sacrificing accuracy