Manisa Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Akademik Arşiv Sistemi
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First Presentation of the Complete Infection Cycle of Visceralizing Leishmania infantum/ donovani Hybrid Strain in Turkey: The Host, Reservoir and Vector
No full textObjective: Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is a widespread infectious disease of the reticuloendothelial system which is mostly caused by Leishmania infantum and L.donovani. VL is a zoonotic infection and dogs act as the main reservoirs of the disease while the vectors are the female Phlebotomus, that is to say, sandflies. Although Leishmania spp. are attributed to reproduce asexually, the genetic exchange between different strains has recently been demonstrated and causes interspecific hybrids. We aimed to present the complete infection cycle of a hybrid strain of Leishmania infantum/donovani with the host, reservoir, and vector.Materials and Methods: A patient presenting with VL proved to have a dog with canine leishmaniasis. Bone marrow aspirate from the patient and lymph node aspirates from the dog were inspected for Leishmania spp. amastigotes under light microscopy. Samples were cultured in enriched NNN medium. Serological examinations were made using IFAT for the patient serum and rK39 test for both human and dog samples. Light traps were placed to collect Phlebotomus. Leishmania molecular identification was executed by primers and probes specific to ITS-1 and cytochrome B gene region of Leishmania parasites.Results: Leishmania spp. amastigotes were detected in the slides while promastigotes were present in the enriched NNN medium. For patient serum, IFAT IgG was 1/256 positive, and rK39 was positive for both dog and human samples. Fifty-two Phlebotomus were caught (24 male, 28 female): 35 of them were P. similis, ten were P. neglectus/synacus, six were P .papatasi, and one was P. tobbi. Molecular analysis showed that the Leishmania spp. isolates from the patient, dog, and P.tobbi were identical. Gel image revealed two bands in all three samples, thus leading to the conclusion that the infecting strain was a hybrid of L. infantum and L. donovani. Conclusion: We found identical isolates that are putative hybrids of L. donovani and L. infantum in human, dog reservoir and sandfly.
Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation in Chemotherapy-Induced Premature Ovarian Insufficiency: the Role of Connexin and Pannexin
No full textIn women undergoing chemotherapy, it is inevitable that infertility risk will increase because of impaired reproductive functions. Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), which occurs as a devastating result of chemotherapy, is the complete depletion or dysfunction of ovarian follicles. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) transplantation is among the alternative treatment methods for POI, which currently do not have an effective treatment method. Apoptosis of granulosa cells in POI is seen as the main mechanism of the disease. It is also reported that in addition to molecules directly associated with apoptosis, connexins, and pannexins are also potential effector molecules in apoptosis. The roles of these molecules in POI, which are known to play a role in many important mechanisms in the ovary, are unknown. In this study, it was aimed to analyze the expressions of Connexin43 and Pannexin1, which are thought to be effective in the formation of POI, and to show the relationship between the antiapoptotic effects of ADMSCs transplantation and these molecules in POI. For this purpose, Caspase3, Connexin43, Pannexin1 proteins, and mRNA expressions were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and RT-qPCR, and AMH levels were measured by ELISA. It was determined that Pannexin1, Caspase3 proteins, and mRNA levels increased in the POI, while Pannexin1 and Caspase3 expressions decreased in the ADMSCs treated group. While Connexin43 level decreased in POI, Connexin43 protein and mRNA levels increased in ADMSCs group. Consequently, this study demonstrated for the first time that Connexin43 and Pannexin1 were associated with apoptosis in POI. In addition, it was revealed that ADMSCs transplantation could produce antiapoptotic effects by modulating these molecules
Green Approach to Synthesis and Strain Studies of ZnO Nanoparticles
No full textIn this paper, a simple, facile and green approach to synthesis Gum Arabic (GA, a natural gum) assisted ZnO nanoparticles by using a wet chemical reaction method is reported. The synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles has been with the assistance of two different types of GA namely Acacia Senegal and Acacia Seyal. The effects of GA and the properties of Senegal and Seyal GA have been studied by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)
In Vitro Antitumoral Effect of Tarantula Venom Combined with Temozolomide in Human Glioblastoma Cells
No full textAIM: To investigate the effect of 48-hour (h) administration of Tarantula Logoplex® (TL), a homeopathic medical product containing Tarantula cubensis venom, alone and in combination with temozolomide (TMZ) on T98G glioblastoma cell line with regard to cytotoxicity, cell migration, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) level, and the type of programmed cell death pathway that mediates this cytotoxic effect. MATERIAL and METHODS: Cytotoxic effect was analyzed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2.5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method, apoptosis was analyzed by Annexin V-FITC/PI flow cytometry, autophagic cell imaging was performed using the monodansylcadaverine staining method, mitochondrial membrane potential was evaluated using the tetraethylbenzimidazolylcarbocyanine iodide (JC-1) staining method, and cell migration was analyzed using the scratch test. The levels of eNOS, iNOS, and LC3 proteins were evaluated using immunofluorescence (IF) and western blot analyses. Results were compared and statistically evaluated. RESULTS: Annexin V-FITC/PI flow cytometry revealed that the cytotoxicity of the combined administration was high and primarily (37.57%) occurred through apoptosis. According to JC-1 analysis, the apoptotic effect could have originated from mitochondria. Cell migration was lowest at the IC50 dose of TL. The order of fluorescence intensity from the strongest to the weakest was control>TL>combination>TMZ for eNOS and control>TL>combination>TMZ for iNOS. Western blotting revealed the highest eNOS and iNOS protein density with TL IC25 administration and the highest LC3 protein density with TMZ IC50 administration. CONCLUSION: Combined administration of TL and TMZ may exert a significant cytotoxic effect on T98G glioblastoma cells, which may occur through apoptosis. TL may play a role in augmenting the effect of conventional therapeutic drugs on glioblastoma. © (2025), (Turkish Neurosurgical Society). All rights reserved
In vitro engineered models of neurodegenerative diseases
No full textNeurodegeneration is a catastrophic process that develops progressive damage leading to functional and structural loss of the cells of the nervous system and is among the biggest unavoidable problems of our age. Animal models do not reflect the pathophysiology observed in humans due to distinct differences between the neural pathways, gene expression patterns, neuronal plasticity, and other disease-related mechanisms in animals and humans. Classical in vitro cell culture models are also not sufficient for pre-clinical drug testing in reflecting the complex pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases. Today, modern, engineered techniques are applied to develop multicellular, intricate in vitro models and to create the closest microenvironment simulating biological, biochemical, and mechanical characteristics of the in vivo degenerating tissue. In THIS review, the capabilities and shortcomings of scaffold-based and scaffold-free techniques, organoids, and microfluidic models that best reflect neurodegeneration in vitro in the biomimetic framework are discussed
Investigating the Impact of Buffer Stacks with Truck Restriction Time Window Policy on Reducing Congestion and Emissions at Port of Izmir
No full textUrban traffic congestion is a critical problem for port-city areas. The truck restriction time window (TRTW) aims to curb congestion by restricting truck use on city roads during peak hours. But TRTW can cause congestion at ports after the restriction ends, leading to economic losses and higher emissions. This paper proposed a buffer stack model to reduce truck delays and emissions from TRTW at port-city areas. The model was implemented for Port of Izmir with using Discrete Event SimulationF (DES). A cost model was used for evaluating DES results. The results showed that buffer stack reduced truck delays by 28.1-43.9% and gate queue lengths by 31.2-43.2% in high and low truck traffic scenarios. The congestion costs (NOX, CO2 PM2.5, emission, and truck delay costs) were also reduced by 35.8-43.9% and the total cost including the buffer stack operation was reduced by 25.6-36.3% for high and low truck traffic. The comparison between buffer stack and chassis exchange terminal (CET) system showed that both systems had comparable emission reduction values, however, CET had a higher reduction in truck delays (83.8% compared to 28.0%). Results showed buffer stacks are effective and affordable solution for ports to mitigate the impact of peak truck traffic resulted from TRTW, lower truck emissions, and reduce the logistics cost
Effect of Tunicamycin on Glycosaminoglycans and Laminins in Embryonic and Postnatal Thymic Tissues
No full textOBJECTIVE: To compare histological and molecular alterations in the embryonic and neonatal thymi following exposure to tunicamycin. STUDY DESIGN: Mouse embryos at gestational days 17 (n=7) and 18 (n=7) and newborn animals at postnatal days 1 (n=5) and 3 (n=5) were divided into two groups: control and tunicamycin-treated. Combined Alcian blue and Periodic acid Schiff sequences immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting were performed to determine glycosaminoglycan (GAG) accumulation and laminin expression in control and tunicamycin-treated embryonic and postnatal thymi. The apoptotic effect of tunicamycin was evaluated by TUNEL assay. RESULTS: In the control group acidic GAGs first appeared in medullary cells at postnatal day 3, whereas treatment with tunicamycin promoted the accumulation of acidic GAGs in all treated groups as of embryonic day 17. However, tunicamycin slightly decreased the laminin expression, and the number of apoptotic cells was considerably increased after tunicamycin treatment. CONCLUSION: Results suggest that carboxylated and acidic GAGs are two presumptive candidates to establish the thymic microenvironment during the late fetal development and postnatal periods of mice and that tunicamycin would be implicated in this establishment by increasing the acidic GAG accumulation and by reducing the laminin expression and the thymic stromal cell population
Decomposing socioeconomic inequalities in self assessed health in Turkey
No full textIntroduction: This study aimed to measure socioeconomic inequalities in Self Assessed Health (SAH) and evaluate the determinants of such inequalities in terms of their contributions amongst the Turkish population. Methods: We used data from the Turkish part of World Health Survey 2003 with 10,287 respondents over 18 years old. Concentration index (CI) of SAH was calculated as a measure of socioeconomic inequalities in health, and contributions of each determinant to inequality were evaluated using a decomposition method. Results: In total 952 participants (9.3%) rated their health status as either bad or very bad. The CI for SAH was -0.15, suggesting that suboptimal SAH was reported more by those categorised as poor. The multiple logistic regression results indicated that having secondary, primary or less than primary school education, not being married and being in the lowest wealth quintile, significantly increased the risk of having poor SAH. The largest contributions to inequality were attributed to education level (70.7%), household economic status (9.7%) and geographical area lived in (8.4%). Conclusion: The findings indicate that socioeconomic inequalities measured by SAH are apparent amongst the Turkish population. Education and household wealth were the greatest contributing factors to SAH inequality. These inequalities need to be explicitly addressed and vulnerable subgroups should be targeted to reduce the socioeconomic disparities
Growth of mycelium of three ectomycorrhizal macrofungi, Infundibulicybe geotropa, Tricholoma anatolicum and Lactarius deliciosus in culture media containing various carbon sources
No full textA comparative evaluation was conducted to assess the effects of different carbon sources on the mycelial growth of three species of ectomycorrhizal macrofungi; Infundibulicybe geotropa (Bull.) Harmaja, Tricholoma anatolicum H. H. Dogan & Intini and Lactarius deliciosus (L.) Gray. All carbon sources were found to be equally beneficial for mycelial growth. However, sucrose, glucose and arabinose were found to be better carbon source in solid culture for L. deliciosus, T. anatolicum and I. geotropa as the maximum biomass values in the liquid medium at the end of 56 days incubation period and were measured as 66.0, 43.0 and 97.0 mg, respectively