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Closing a gap in the language resources landscape : Groundwork and best practices from projects on computer-mediated communication in four European countries.
Get PDFInternational audienceThe paper presents best practices and results from projects in four countries dedicated to the creation of corpora of computer-mediated communication and social media interactions (CMC). Even though there are still many open issues related to building and annotating corpora of that type, there already exists a range of accessible solutions which have been tested in projects and which may serve as a starting point for a more precise discussion of how future standards for CMC corpora may (and should) be shaped like
Pareto-optimal coupling conditions for a second order traffic flow model at junctions
No full textThis article deals with macroscopic traffic flow models on a road network. More precisely, we consider coupling conditions at junctions for the Aw-Rascle-Zhang second order model consisting of a hyperbolic system of two conservation laws. These coupling conditions conserve both the number of vehicles and the composition of traffic through the junction. The proposed Riemann solver is based on assignment coefficients, multi-objective optimization of fluxes and priority parameters. We prove that this Riemann solver is well posed in the case of special junctions, including 1-to-2 diverge and 2-to-1 merge
Décomposition progressive de maillages hexaédriques avec discontinuités : application aux modèles géologiques
No full textNational audienceNous présentons une technique originale de décomposition progressive en résolution pour maillages hexaédriques structurés. Cette technique prend en compte les discontinuités géométriques potentiellement présentes dans les données issues des géosciences (failles, etc.), afin de préserver leur morphologie au travers des résolutions. Des ondelettes classiques et morphologiques permettent de décomposer un maillage hexaédrique complexe à différentes échelles, tout en maintenant une cohérence géométrique (notamment au niveau des failles) d'une résolution à l'autre. Abstract – We present an original multiresolution technique for the progressive decomposition of structured hexahedral meshes. Our technique takes into account the geometrical discontinuities that can be present in meshes coming from geosciences, in order to preserve them across the resolutions. Standard and morphological wavelets decompose one complex hexahedral mesh into several scales, while maintaining a geometrical coherency (in particular around faults) from a resolution to a lower one
Biologics in myelodysplastic syndrome-related systemic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases: French multicenter retrospective study of 29 patients
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Systemic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases (SIADs) associated with myelodysplastic syndromes are often difficult to treat. Corticosteroids are efficient but only usually at high doses. The use of biologics needs to be specified.Methods: In a French multicenter retrospective study, we analyzed the efficacy and safety of biologics (tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α] antagonists, tocilizumab, rituximab and anakinra) for SIADs associated with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs). Clinical, biological and overall treatment responses were evaluated. When several lines of treatment were used, data were analyzed before and at the end of each treatment line and were pooled to compare overall response among steroids, disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and biologics.Results: We included 29 patients (median age 67 years [interquartile range 62–76], 83% males) with MDS-related SIADs treated with at least one biologic. The MDSs were predominantly refractory anemia with excess blasts 1 (38%) and refractory cytopenia with multilineage dysplasia (21%). The SIADs were mainly arthritis (n = 6; 20%), relapsing polychondritis (n = 8; 30%) and vasculitis (n = 10; 34%). During a 3-year median follow-up (IQR 1.3–4.5), a total of 114 lines of treatments were used for all patients: steroids alone (22%), DMARDs (23%), TNF-α antagonists (14%), anakinra (10%), rituximab (10%), tocilizumab (7%) and azacytidine (9%). Considering all 114 lines, overall response (complete and partial) was shown in 54% cases. Overall response was more frequent with steroids (78%) and rituximab (66%) than DMARDs (45%) and other biologics (33%) (p < 0.05). Rituximab had better response in vasculitis and TNF-α antagonists in arthritis. During follow-up, 20 patients (71%) presented at least one severe infection.Conclusion: This nationwide study demonstrates the efficacy of steroids for SIAD-associated MDSs but a high frequency of steroid dependence. The response to biologics seems low, but rituximab and azacytidine seem promising
Des acteurs de poids sur le littoral : les petits propriétaires immobiliers. : Application au littoral provençal et azuréen
No full textInternational audiencePartant du constat que l’urbanisation du littoral méditerranéen a essentiellement procédé de la construction de logements, l’article livre une analyse du poids des particuliers propriétaires à partir de l’analyse des fichiers MAJIC. Une fois dépassée la complexité liée à l’exploitation de ces fichiers fiscaux, cette source offre un accès à de riches informations sur la propriété. Ainsi, il est mis en évidence que les propriétaires d’un seul logement, occupant leur bien, généralement un appartement, sont majoritaires sur le littoral. Au delà de ce profil moyen, ce travail montre que les propriétaires ont des profils différents selon les espaces, y compris sur le littoral où les caractéristiques sont supposées homogènes. L’article souligne les enjeux de cette privatisation de l’espace par les petits propriétaires du point de vue de l’aménagement et la nécessité d’affiner la connaissance du fonctionnement de ce territoire
Les migrants nigériens expulsés d’Arabie Saoudite : une trajectoire dominée par l’incertitude
No full textInternational audienceA minority in the Nigerian migratory field, international migrations to Saudi Arabia are an original case to explore the issue of return and migrants’ installation in Niamey. The stay of the Nigerians in Saudi Arabia is characterized by illegality, and they risk a deportation. Through interviews with deported people from Saudi Arabia to Niamey, this article questions the dimensions of risk and uncertainty in the construction of the migration trajectories. The uncertainty is not limited to migration and deportation, but also concerns return and installation in Niamey; the uncertainty is in the form of occupational and residential vulnerability. The choice to stay in Niamey or to migrate is part of a logic of waiting an opportunity; namely to access to a particular form of social resources, that allows to secure the moment of decision-making.Minoritaires dans le champ migratoire nigérien, les migrations internationales vers l’Arabie Saoudite n’en constituent pas moins un cas original pour explorer la question du retour et de l’installation des migrants à Niamey. Le séjour des Nigériens en Arabie Saoudite est marqué par l’illégalité, ce qui les place sous le risque de l’expulsion. Par le biais d’entretiens menés auprès d’expulsés d’Arabie Saoudite à Niamey, l’article questionne les dimensions du risque et de l’incertitude dans la construction des trajectoires migratoires. L’incertitude n’est pas limitée à la migration et à l’expulsion, mais concerne aussi le retour et l’installation à Niamey où elle se décline sous la forme d’une vulnérabilité professionnelle et résidentielle. Le choix de rester à Niamey ou de ré-émigrer s’inscrit dans la logique d’attente d’une opportunité ; c’est-à-dire accéder à une forme particulière de ressource sociale qui permet de sécuriser le moment de la prise de décision
Application of Nuclear Volume Measurements to Comprehend the Cell Cycle in Root-Knot Nematode-Induced Giant Cells
No full textRoot-knot nematodes induce galls that contain giant-feeding cells harboring multiple enlarged nuclei within the roots of host plants. It is recognized that the cell cycle plays an essential role in the set-up of a peculiar nuclear organization that seemingly steers nematode feeding site induction and development. Functional studies of a large set of cell cycle genes in transgenic lines of the model host Arabidopsis thaliana have contributed to better understand the role of the cell cycle components and their implication in the establishment of functional galls. Mitotic activity mainly occurs during the initial stages of gall development and is followed by an intense endoreduplication phase imperative to produce giant-feeding cells, essential to form vigorous galls. Transgenic lines overexpressing particular cell cycle genes can provoke severe nuclei phenotype changes mainly at later stages of feeding site development. This can result in chaotic nuclear phenotypes affecting their volume. These aberrant nuclear organizations are hampering gall development and nematode maturation. Herein we report on two nuclear volume assessment methods which provide information on the complex changes occurring in nuclei during giant cell development. Although we observed that the data obtained with AMIRA tend to be more detailed than Volumest (Image J), both approaches proved to be highly versatile, allowing to access 3D morphological changes in nuclei of complex tissues and organs. The protocol presented here is based on standard confocal optical sectioning and 3-D image analysis and can be applied to study any volume and shape of cellular organelles in various complex biological specimens. Our results suggest that an increase in giant cell nuclear volume is not solely linked to increasing ploidy levels, but might result from the accumulation of mitotic defects
Nice : la fidélité à droite avant tout ?
No full textAlors que les Alpes-Maritimes constituent l'un des départements les plus solidement acquis à la droite gouvernementale, la capitale azuréenn
A nonlinear domain decomposition method to couple compositional gas liquid Darcy and free gas flows
No full textInternational audienceA domain decomposition algorithm is proposed to couple at the interface a gas liquid compositional Darcy flow and a compositional free gas flow. At each time step, our algorithm solves iteratively the nonlinear system coupling the compositional Darcy flow in the porous medium, the RANS gas flow in the free flow domain, and the convection diffusion of the species in the free flow domain. In order to speed up the convergence of the algorithm, the transmission conditions at the interface are replaced by Robin boundary conditions. Each Robin coefficient is obtained from a diagonal approximation of the Dirichlet to Neumann operator related to a scalar simplified model in the neighbouring subdomain. The efficiency of our domain decomposition algorithm is assessed in the case of the modelling of the mass exchanges at the interface between the geological formation and the ventilation galleries of geological radioactive waste disposal
Analysis of synchronisation patterns in stateful active objects
No full textThis paper presents a static analysis technique based on effect and behavioural types for deriving synchronisation patterns of stateful active objects and verifying their safety -- e.g.~absence of deadlocks. This is challenging because active objects use futures to refer to results of pending asynchronous invocations and because these futures can be stored in object fields, passed as method parameters, or returned by invocations.Our effect system traces the access to object fields, thus allowing us to compute behavioural types that express synchronisation patterns in a precise way.The behavioural types are thereafter analysed by a solver that discovers potential deadlocks