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Gestion thermique des batteries Li-ion par l'utilisation de matériaux à changement de phase
No full textInternational audienceLes batteries lithium-ion nécessitent une gestion thermique pour que soit assuré leur bon fonctionnement. Des systèmes actifs comme un refroidissement par air en convection forcée ou par un liquide de refroidissement sont employés actuellement. L’utilisation de matériaux à changement de phase (MCP), en tant que système passif, représente une alternative intéressante. Dans ce papier une comparaison est proposée entre un système comportant un MCP et un système à air en convection forcée
The VIMOS Public Extragalactic Redshift Survey (VIPERS). Downsizing of the blue cloud and the influence of galaxy size on mass quenching over the last eight billion years
No full textInternational audienceWe use the full VIPERS redshift survey in combination with SDSS-DR7 to explore the relationships between star-formation history (using d4000), stellar mass and galaxy structure, and how these relationships have evolved since z~1. We trace the extents and evolutions of both the blue cloud and red sequence, by fitting double Gaussians to the d4000 distribution of galaxies in narrow stellar mass bins, for four redshift intervals over 0<z<1. This reveals downsizing in star formation, as the high-mass limit of the blue cloud retreats steadily with time from M*~10^11.2 M_sun at z~0.9 to M*~10^10.7 M_sun by the present day. The number density of massive blue-cloud galaxies (M*>10^11 M_sun, d4000<1.55) drops sharply by a factor five between z~0.8 and z~0.5. These galaxies are becoming quiescent at a rate that largely matches the increase in the numbers of massive passive galaxies seen over this period. We examine the size-mass relation of blue cloud galaxies, finding that its high-mass boundary runs along lines of constant M*/r_e or equivalently inferred velocity dispersion. Larger galaxies can continue to form stars to higher stellar masses than smaller galaxies. As blue cloud galaxies approach this high-mass limit, they start to be quenched, their d4000 values increasing to push them towards the green valley. In parallel, their structures change, showing higher Sersic indices and central stellar mass densities. For these galaxies, bulge growth is necessary for them to reach the high-mass limit of the blue cloud and be quenched by internal mechanisms. The blue cloud galaxies that are being quenched at z~0.8 lie along the same size-mass relation as present day quiescent galaxies, and seem the likely progenitors of today's S0s
Préserver la séparation des préoccupations durant l’intégration de domaines hétérogènes dans les systèmes logiciels
No full textThe growing complexity of software engineering leads to the use of separation of concerns, i.e. enable to consider manageable sub-systems while keeping an overview of the whole system. The domain variability involved in these system design imply : (i) to compose multiple heterogeneous metamodels dedicated to each domain, (ii) to handle cross-domain consistency of the model produced in isolation, (iii) and to tame the multiplicity of concrete artefact available in the solution space of each domain. To adress these challenges, we offer in this thesis an approach encompassing three contributions :- an isolation-compliant composition which benefits from Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) integration. Each domain metamodel is embedded in a service exposing the rele- vant behavior through an interface designed and used by domain experts ; - a business rule engine handling the interaction between domains and detecting cross-domain incon- sistency to provide relevant feedback to resolve it ;- a feature-based characterization of the products variability allowing to concretize each sub-system toward concrete artifacts. The contributions are applied on the sensor data visualization use case.We validate (i) the need for domain isolation preservation on a dashboard design project, then we quantify (ii) the overhead of the service encapsulation, (iii) the impact of the externalization of domain interactions, (iv) the effort required from the experts and the integrator. Finally, we proceed to a user experiment to measure the gain during the concretization of a sub-system, and the impact on the user satisfaction on the resulting visualisation widgets.La séparation des préoccupations permet de considérer les sous-systèmes en isolation tout en conservant une vision globale du système. La variabilité des domaines impliqués implique donc (i) un effort de composition des méta-modèles hétérogènes représentant ces domaines, (ii) une gestion de la cohérence inter-domaine des modèles produits en isolation et (iii) une gestion de la multiplicité des cibles atteignables dans l'espace des solutions de chacun des domaines. Pour relever ces défis, nous présentons dans cette thèse une approche couvrant trois contributions appliquées sur le cas de la visualisation de données :- une approche de composition respectant l'isolation des domaines en tirant profit des méthodes d'intégration des Architectures Orientées Services (SOA). Les méta-modèles sont encapsulés dans des services, exposant le comportement pertinent via une interface à destination des experts du domaine ;- un moteur de règles métiers qui assure la gestion des interactions entre domaines et permet de détecter les incohérences inter-domaine et de faire remonter aux experts les informations nécessaires à leur résolution ;- une modélisation de la variabilité des produits par caractérisation qui permet de concrétiser les sous-systèmes vers des artefacts concrets.Pour valider l'approche, nous quantifions (i) le surcoût de l'encapsulation en service des domaines, (ii) l'impact de l'externalisation des interactions entre domaines, (iii) l'effort que les experts et l'intégrateur doivent fournir. Enfin, une expérience utilisateur mesure le gain lors de la concrétisation du système et son impact sur la satisfaction vis à vis des visualisations résultantes
La caractérisation de la situation de surendettement d’une caution, obs. sous Cass. 2e civ., 5 janv. 2017, no 15-27909
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Avant l'ordonnance du 12 mars 2014, le principe reste celui du paiement comptant dans le cadre d'un contrat continué, obs. sous Cass. com. 20 sept. 2017, n° 14-17225, FS-P+B+I
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Degrees of stringency matter: Revisiting the pollution haven hypothesis based on heterogeneous panels and aggregate data
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The probabilistic nature of McShane's identity: planar tree coding of simple loops
No full text25 pagesIn this article, we discuss a probabilistic interpretation of McShane's identity as describing a finite measure on the space of embedded paths though a point
Breeding success of a marine central place forager in the context of climate change: A modeling approach
No full textInternational audienceIn response to climate warming, a southward shift in productive frontal systems serving as themain foraging sites for many top predator species is likely to occur in Subantarctic areas. Centralplace foragers, such as seabirds and pinnipeds, are thus likely to cope with an increase inthe distance between foraging locations and their land-based breeding colonies. Understandinghow central place foragers should modify their foraging behavior in response to changes inprey accessibility appears crucial. A spatially explicit individual-based simulation model (MarineCentral Place Forager Simulator (MarCPFS)), including bio-energetic components, was built toevaluate effects of possible changes in prey resources accessibility on individual performancesand breeding success. The study was calibrated on a particular example: the Antarctic fur seal(Arctocephalus gazella), which alternates between oceanic areas in which females feed andthe land-based colony in which they suckle their young over a 120 days rearing period. Ourmodel shows the importance of the distance covered to feed and prey aggregation whichappeared to be key factors to which animals are highly sensitive. Memorization and learningabilities also appear to be essential breeding success traits. Females were found to be mostsuccessful for intermediate levels of prey aggregation and short distance to the resource,resulting in optimal female body length. Increased distance to resources due to climate warmingshould hinder pups' growth and survival while female body length should increase
“Prenez-les chez vous !". Migrants, presse locale et commentaires d’internautes
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Suivi temporel 3D de vaisseaux coronaires dans les projections rayons X
No full textInternational audienceFusing pre-operative CT angiography with per-operative an-giographic and fluoroscopic images is considered by physicians as a potentially useful tool for improved guidance. To be adopted, this tool requires the development of tracking methods adapted to the deformations of the arteries caused by the cardiac motion. Here, we propose a 3D/2D temporal tracking of one coronary vessel, based on a spline deformation, using pairings with a controlled 2D stretching or contraction along the paired curves and a preservation of the length of the 3D curve. Experiments were conducted on a database of 10 vessels from 5 distinct patients, with dedicated metrics assessing both the global registration and the local coherency of the position along the vessel. The proposed results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method, with an average standard deviation of 2 mm for the localization of landmarks