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Le dépôt d’une demande de surendettement n’interrompt pas le délai biennal de forclusion prévu par le Code de la consommation, obs. sous Cass. civ. 2e 1er juin 2017, n° 15-25519
No full textInternational audienc
La fixation de l'indemnité à la date la plus proche de son versement (com. CEDH 20 juil. 2017, Poulimernos et crts c. Grèce)
No full textEn collaboration avec Francis HAUMONT, Professeur émérite de l'Université de LouvainNational audienc
Quelle place pour les normes privées de durabilité dans les échanges commerciaux ?
No full textEtude coordonnée par Olivier Renard (IRAM-développement) et commanditée par le ministère de l’agriculture. Centre d’études et de prospective, n° 98. http://agreste.agriculture.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/analyse981702.pd
Analysing trends and forecasting malaria epidemics in Madagascar using a sentinel surveillance network: a web‑based application
No full textInternational audienceThe use of a malaria early warning system (MEWS) to trigger prompt public health interventions is a key step in adding value to the epidemiological data routinely collected by sentinel surveillance systems
System Modeling and Optimization : 27th IFIP TC 7 Conference, CSMO 2015, Sophia Antipolis, France, June 29 - July 3, 2015, Revised Selected Papers
No full textInternational audienceBook Front Matter of AICT 49
Early arterial calcification does not correlate with bone loss in pseudoxanthoma elasticum
No full textInternational audienceThis article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the author's institution and sharing with colleagues. Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier's archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit: Background and aims: Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE; OMIM 264800, prevalence 1/25,000 to 1/50,000) is an autosomal recessive multisystem disease due to deficiency in ABCC6, an ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C transporter. The PXE phenotype is mainly characterized by progressive ectopic calcification of connective tissues (namely skin, retinal Bruch's membrane and peripheral arteries) but the impact of PXE on bone structure is currently unknown. The present study sought to investigate bone mineralization and its potential link with vascular calcification in a large cohort of PXE patients with inherited mutations of the ABCC6 gene. Methods and results: 96 patients (61 women) matching the PXE criteria participated in this study. Their clinical history and status and bone biological markers were collected. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and expressed as T-and Z-scores. Osteoporotic fractures were identified by X-ray, and coronary (CAC) and lower limb arterial calcification (LLAC) scores were determined by CT scan. Results: 44% of the women were menopausal. Osteopenia was disclosed in 46% (17 women) while 23% (9 women) exhibited osteoporosis, 3 with severe osteoporosis. Fractures of an osteoporotic nature were authenticated in 3 patients (1 woman). Markers of bone remodelling processes (CTX, BSAP and osteocalcin) were within the normal range for our laboratory standards. Severe vitamin D deficiency (b 25 nmol/L) was found in 15%, while 51% exhibited no vitamin D deficiency (vitamin D ≥ 50 nmol/L). LLAC and CAC scores were significantly higher in the patients with a low T-and/or Z-score, although this difference disappeared in multivariate analysis with age as a confounding factor. There was no significant difference in LLAC and CAC between PXE patients with and without osteoporotic fractures. There was no statistically significant association between BMD, LLAC and CAC and any of the bone remodelling factors. Conclusions: This is the first report on the bone mineralization process in PXE patients. Our data shows that PXE patients are not markedly prone to exaggerated bone demineralization and fracture risk, and prevalence of oste-oporosis remains within the normal range for the general population. Furthermore, the relationships between LLAC, but not CAC, and BMD with age are similar to those observed in the general population. Therefore, despite its pivotal role in ectopic calcification, ABCC6 deficiency does not interfere with the bone-vascular axis. The lack of PXE-related disturbances between BMD and arterial calcification also supports vitamin D supplementation in PXE patients with vitamin D deficiency. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01446393
Multiwavelength variability study and search for periodicity of PKS 1510–089
No full textInternational audienceContext. Blazars are the most luminous and variable active galactic nuclei (AGNs). They are thus excellent probes of accretion and emission processes close to the central engine.Aims. We concentrate here on PKS 1510–089 (z = 0.36), a blazar belonging to the flat-spectrum radio quasar subclass, an extremely powerful gamma-ray source and one of the brightest in the Fermi-LAT catalog. We aim to study the complex variability of this blazar’s bright multiwavelength spectrum, to identify the physical parameters responsible for the variations and the timescales of possible recurrence and quasi-periodicity at high energies.Methods. The blazar PKS 1510–089 was observed twice in hard X-rays with the IBIS instrument onboard INTEGRAL during the flares of Jan. 2009 and Jan. 2010, and simultaneously with Swift and the Nordic Optical Telescope (NOT), in addition to the constant Fermi monitoring. We also measured the optical polarization in several bands on 18 Jan. 2010 at the NOT.Using these and archival data we constructed historical light curves at gamma-to-radio wavelengths covering nearly 20 yr and applied tests of fractional and correlated variability. We assembled spectral energy distributions (SEDs) based on these data and compared them with those at two previous epochs, by applying a model based on synchrotron and inverse Compton radiation from blazars.Results. The modeling of the SEDs suggests that the physical quantities that undergo the largest variations are the total power injected into the emitting region and the random Lorentz factor of the electron distribution cooling break, that are higher in the higher gamma-ray states. This suggests a correlation of the injected power with enhanced activity of the acceleration mechanism. The cooling likely takes place at a distance of ~1000 Schwarzschild radii(~0.03 pc) from the central engine – a distance muchsmaller than the broad line region (BLR) radius.The emission at a few hundred GeV can be reproduced with inverse Compton scattering of highly relativistic electrons off far-infrared photons if these are located much farther than the BLR, that is, around 0.2 pc from the AGN, presumably in a dusty torus. We determine a luminosity of the thermal component due to the inner accretion disk of Ld ≃ 5.9 × 1045 erg s-1, a BLR luminosity of LBLR ≃ 5.3 × 1044 erg s-1, and a mass of the central black hole of MBH ≃ 3 × 108 M⊙.The fractional variability as a function of wavelength follows the trend expected if X- and gamma-rays are produced by the same electrons as radio and optical photons, respectively.Discrete correlation function (DCF) analysis between the long-term Steward observatory optical V-band and gamma-ray Fermi-LAT light curves yields a good correlation with no measurable delay. Marginal correlation where X-ray photons lag both optical and gamma-ray ones by time lags between 50 and 300 days is found with the DCF.Our time analysis of the RXTE PCA and Fermi-LAT light curves reveals no obvious (quasi-)periodicities, at least up to the maximum timescale (a few years) probed by the light curves, which are severely affected by red noise.Key words: galaxies: active / radiation mechanisms: general / quasars: individual: PKS 1510-089 / gamma rays: galaxie
The Zadko Telescope: Exploring the transient Universe
No full textInternational audienceThe Zadko telescope is a 1 m f/4 Cassegrain telescope, situated in the state of Western Australia about 80-km north of Perth. The facility plays a niche role in Australian astronomy, as it is the only meter class facility in Australia dedicated to automated follow-up imaging of alerts or triggers received from different external instruments/detectors spanning the entire electromagnetic spectrum. Furthermore, the location of the facility at a longitude not covered by other meter class facilities provides an important resource for time critical projects. This paper reviews the status of the Zadko facility and science projects since it began robotic operations in March 2010. We report on major upgrades to the infrastructure and equipment (2012–2014) that has resulted in significantly improved robotic operations. Second, we review the core science projects, which include automated rapid follow-up of gamma ray burst (GRB) optical afterglows, imaging of neutrino counterpart candidates from the ANTARES neutrino observatory, photometry of rare (Barbarian) asteroids, supernovae searches in nearby galaxies. Finally, we discuss participation in newly commencing international projects, including the optical follow-up of gravitational wave (GW) candidates from the United States and European GW observatory network and present first tests for very low latency follow-up of fast radio bursts. In the context of these projects, we outline plans for a future upgrade that will optimise the facility for alert triggered imaging from the radio, optical, high-energy, neutrino, and GW bands
Correction de l’effet du biais d’échantillonnage dans la modélisation de la qualité des habitats écologiques : application au principal vecteur du paludisme en Guyane française
No full textSpecies distribution models are identified as relevant to map and characterize the habitat quality of Anopheles genusmosquitoes, transmitting malaria, and thus to both participate in the estimation of the transmission risk of this disease and inthe definition of targeted vector control actions. The malaria transmission depends on the presence and distribution of thevectors, which are themselves dependent on the environmental conditions that define the quality of the ecological habitats of the Anopheles. However, in some areas, Anopheles collection data remain scarce, making it difficult to model these habitats. In addition, the collection of these data is very often subjected to significant sampling biases, due, in particular, to unequal accessibility to the entire study area. This thesis provides a solution to the mapping of malaria vectors, considering two very few studied aspects in modeling: the low number of available presence sites and the existence of a sampling bias. An original method for correcting the effect of the sampling bias is proposed and then applied to presence data of Anopheles darlingi species - the main vector of malaria in South America - in French Guiana. Then, a distribution model of An. darlingi was built to obtain a map of habitat quality consistent with entomologists’ knowledge and providing high prediction performances. The proposed correction method was then compared to existing methods in an application context characterized by the scarcity of the species occurence data and the presence of a sampling bias. The results show that the developed method is adapted to cases where the number of sites of presence is low. This thesis contributes, on the one hand, to fill theoretical and applicability lacuna of current methods intended to correct the effect of the sampling bias and, on the other hand, to supplement the knowledge on both the spatial distribution and the bio-ecology of the main malaria vector in French Guiana.Les modèles de distribution d’espèces ont été identifiées comme pertinents pour cartographier et caractériser la qualitéd’habitat des moustiques vecteurs du paludisme, Anopheles, afin de participer à l’estimation du risque de transmission decette maladie et à la définition de stratégies de lutte anti-vectorielle ciblées. La transmission du paludisme dépend de laprésence et de la distribution des vecteurs, qui dépendent elles-mêmes des conditions environnementales définissant laqualité des habitats écologiques des Anopheles. Cependant, dans certaines régions, les données de captures d’Anophelessont rares, et rend difficile la cartographie de leurs habitats. De plus, le recueil de ces données est très souvent soumis à desbiais d’échantillonnage.Cette thèse fournit une solution à la cartographie des vecteurs du paludisme, en considérant deux aspects très peu étudiésdans la modélisation : le faible nombre de sites de présence disponibles et l’existence d’un biais d’échantillonnage. Uneméthode originale de correction de l’effet du biais d’échantillonnage est proposée puis appliquée à des données de présencedu principal vecteur du paludisme en Guyane, Anopheles darlingi. Un modèle de distribution d’An. darlingi a ensuite étéconstruit, permettant d’obtenir une carte de qualité d’habitat en cohérence avec la connaissance des entomologistes etfournissant des performances de prédiction élevées. La méthode de correction proposée a ensuite été comparée auxméthodes existantes dans un contexte applicatif caractérisé par la rareté des données d’occurrence de l’espèce et laprésence d’un biais d’échantillonnage. Les résultats montrent que la méthode développée est adaptée aux cas où le nombrede sites de présence est faible. Cette thèse contribue, d’une part, à combler les lacunes théoriques et d’applicabilité desméthodes actuelles visant à corriger l’effet des biais d’échantillonnage et, d’autre part, à compléter la connaissance sur ladistribution spatiale et la bioécologie du principal vecteur du paludisme en Guyane française