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Socio-Cultural Determinants of Athletics Abilities Among Kenyan Elite & Sub-Elite Middle and Long Distance Runners
No full textInternational audienceKenya has participated in the Commonwealth games since 1954, the Olympics since1964, the All African Games since 1965 and the World championship since 1983. The tradition of dominance in middle and long distance running began in the 1968 Mexico City Olympics. The total medal tallies in men track events (800m-10,000m) in Olympic Games (excluding boycotted Games of 1976 & 1980) stands at 86 medals, of which 56 are from long distance events (http/www.iaaf.org). This athletic performance of Kenyan middle and long distance runners has led to a series of studies. Many researchers have sought to explain the runners' success at international level. Many of these studies were based on biological characteristics and ethnic traits of middle and long distance athletes. The social sciences have been under represented in the search to explain this phenomenon. Many studies have not considered Kenyan middle and long running abilities as a socially constructed reality. Data for this paper was sought from secondary sources including written and audiovisual support materials. Articles on Kenyan middle and long distance running were reviewed. This included internet browsing of information materials on historical and socio-cultural determinants of athletic abilities among Kenyan middle and long distance runners. This paper therefore sought to document the historical and socio-cultural environment responsible for promoting middle and long distance running abilities
Augmentative biocontrol when natural enemies are subject to Allee effects
No full textInternational audienceIntraspecific interactions such as Allee effects are key properties that can guide population management. This contribution considers component Allee effects that are elementary mechanisms leading to declines of fitness at the population scale, i.e. demographic Allee effects. It especially focuses on the consequences of such properties in predator populations, and investigates their repercussions in a biological control context. A modelling framework able to account for reproductive and/or foraging component Allee effects is proposed. From this, four models of augmentative biological control, corresponding to the periodic introduction of natural enemies, have been investigated. This is done using semi-discrete models: ordinary differential equations are used to depict predator-prey dynamics and a discrete equation describes the abrupt augmentation of predators at periodic intervals. In that context, stability of a prey-free solution corresponding to pest eradication has been analyzed. It has been found that rare but large introductions should be preferred over frequent and small ones, when Allee effects influence predator populations. In particular, the occurence of foraging, rather than reproducing, Allee effects significantly hinders pest eradication. Cases where the pest-free solution is locally, but not globally, stable were also observed and were shown to be favoured by the occurence of reproductive Allee effects among predators
Cooling methodologies of photovoltaic module for enhancing electrical efficiency: A review
No full textInternational audienceSolar Photovoltaic (PV) cells can absorb up to 80% of the incident solar radiation obtained from the solar band, however, only a small amount of this absorbed incident energy is transformed into electricity depending on the conversion efficiency of the PV cells and part of remainder energy increases the temperature of PV cell. High solar radiation and ambient temperature lead to an elevated photovoltaic cell operating temperature, which affects its lifespan and power output adversely. Number of techniques have been attempted to maintain the temperature of photovoltaic cells close to their nominal operating value. In the present review various cooling techniques such as natural and forced air cooling, hydraulic cooling, heat pipe cooling, cooling with phase change materials and thermoelectric cooling of PV panels are discussed at length. It is important to note that, though cooling techniques are highly needed to regulate the PV module temperature, especially for mega installations, these should be economically viable too
A nonlinear Discrete Duality Finite Volume Scheme for convection-diffusion equations
No full textInternational audienceWe introduce a nonlinear DDFV scheme for a convection-diffusion equation. The scheme conserves the mass, satisfies an energy-dissipation inequality and provides positive approximate solutions even on very general grids. Numerical experiments illustrate these properties
Accurate fast computation of steady two-dimensional surface gravity waves in arbitrary depth
No full text29 pages, 5 figures, 36 references. Other author papers can be downloaded at http://www.denys-dutykh.com/This paper describes an efficient algorithm for computing steady two-dimensional surface gravity wave in irrotational motion. The algorithm complexity is O(N log N), N being the number of Fourier modes. The algorithm allows the arbitrary precision computation of waves in arbitrary depth, i.e., it works efficiently for Stokes, cnoidal and solitary waves, even for quite large steepnesses. The method is based on conformal mapping, Babenko equation rewritten in a suitable way, pseudo-spectral method and Petviashvili's iterations. The efficiency of the algorithm is illustrated via some relevant numerical examples. The code is open source, so interested readers can easily check the claims, use and modify the algorithm
MEAN FIELD GAMES: A TOY MODEL ON AN ERDOS-RENYI GRAPH
No full textThe purpose of this short article is to address a simple example of a game with a large number of players in mean field interaction when the graph connection between them is not complete but is of the Erdös-Renyi type. We study the quenched convergence of the equilibria towards the solution of a mean field game. To do so, we follow recent works on the convergence problem for mean field games and we heavily use the fact that the master equation of the asymptotic game has a strong solution
RNY (YRNA)-derived small RNAs regulate cell death and inflammation in monocytes/macrophages
No full textInternational audienc
From Discrete Event Simulation to Discrete Event Specified Systems (DEVS)
No full textConférence invitée International Federation of Automatic Control,(IFAC), Toulouse, France, 9-14 juillet 2017.In this presentation we discuss the evolution of simulation from its origin in design of computer and communication systems based on event routines, to the conceptualization of the objects under study as systems, to the behavior generation of DEVS models representing a wide variety of cyber-physical forms. Indeed, the history of computer simulation programming languages parallels, and is intertwined with, the evolution of programming concepts from hardware-dependent binary scripts to successively more abstract model-based generic frameworks
Analyse économique des clauses environnementales dans la commande publique : Le pire instrument à l’exception de tous les autres ?
No full textNational audienceLa première recommandation du rapport du Conseil d’analyse économique rédigé par Stéphane Saussieret Jean Tirole, publié au printemps 2015 était de ramener les finalités de la commande publique à un seulet unique objectif celui de l’efficacité économique. Cette recommandation a pu sembler s’inscrire à reboursd’une évolution de long terme, notamment portée par les directives européennes, leur transposition endroit interne et l’évolution de jurisprudence de la Cour de justice de l’Union européenne, conduisant àaccorder une place croissante aux critères environnementaux et sociétaux dans la commande publiqu