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Combination of phosphotidylinositol-3-kinase targeting with cetuximab and irradiation: A preclinical study on an orthotopic xenograft model of head and neck cancer
No full textInternational audienceThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of combining the phosphotidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor buparlisib (BKM)120 with the anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) agent cetuximab and radiotherapy (RT) on an orthotopic model of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC)
MARTE for CPS and CPSoS: Present and Future, Methodology and Tools
No full textInternational audienceCyber-Physical Systems (CPS) combine discrete computing elements together with physical devices in uncertain environment conditions. There have been many models to capture different aspects of CPS. However, to deal with the increasing complexity of these ubiquitous systems, which invade all the part of our lives, we need an integrated framework able to capture all the different views of such complex systems in a consistent way. We also need to combine tools to analyze their expected properties and guarantee safety issues. Far from handing out a full-fledge solution, we merely explore a possible path that could bring part of the solution. We advocate for relying on uml models as a unifying framework to build a single-source modeling environment with design, exploration and analysis tools. We comment on some useful extensions of UML, including MARTE and SysML, and show how they can together capture different views of CPS. We also report on some recent results obtained and discuss possible evolutions in a near future
The VIMOS Public Extragalactic Redshift Survey (VIPERS). Gravity test from the combination of redshift-space distortions and galaxy-galaxy lensing at
No full textInternational audienceWe carry out a joint analysis of redshift-space distortions and galaxy-galaxy lensing, with the aim of measuring the growth rate of structure; this is a key quantity for understanding the nature of gravity on cosmological scales and late-time cosmic acceleration. We make use of the final VIPERS redshift survey dataset, which maps a portion of the Universe at a redshift of , and the lensing data from the CFHTLenS survey over the same area of the sky. We build a consistent theoretical model that combines non-linear galaxy biasing and redshift-space distortion models, and confront it with observations. The two probes are combined in a Bayesian maximum likelihood analysis to determine the growth rate of structure at two redshifts and . We obtain measurements of and . The additional galaxy-galaxylensing constraint alleviates galaxy bias and degeneracies, providing direct measurements of and . These measurements are statistically consistent with a Universe where the gravitational interactions can be described by General Relativity, although they are not yet accurate enough to rule out some commonly considered alternatives. Finally, as a complementary test we measure the gravitational slip parameter, , for the first time at . We find values of and , when is averaged over scales above . We find that our measurements exhibit slightly lower values than expected for standard relativistic gravity in a {\Lambda}CDM background, although the results are consistent within
Scientific Synergy Between LSST and
No full textInternational audienceEuclid and the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) are poised to dramatically change the astronomy landscape early in the next decade. The combination of high-cadence, deep, wide-field optical photometry from LSST with high-resolution, wide-field optical photometry, and near-infrared photometry and spectroscopy from Euclid will be powerful for addressing a wide range of astrophysical questions. We explore Euclid/LSST synergy, ignoring the political issues associated with data access to focus on the scientific, technical, and financial benefits of coordination. We focus primarily on dark energy cosmology, but also discuss galaxy evolution, transient objects, solar system science, and galaxy cluster studies. We concentrate on synergies that require coordination in cadence or survey overlap, or would benefit from pixel-level co-processing that is beyond the scope of what is currently planned, rather than scientific programs that could be accomplished only at the catalog level without coordination in data processing or survey strategies. We provide two quantitative examples of scientific synergies: the decrease in photo-z errors (benefiting many science cases) when high-resolution Euclid data are used for LSST photo-z determination, and the resulting increase in weak-lensing signal-to-noise ratio from smaller photo-z errors. We briefly discuss other areas of coordination, including high-performance computing resources and calibration data. Finally, we address concerns about the loss of independence and potential cross-checks between the two missions and the potential consequences of not collaborating
L'innovation sociale territorialisée : un levier de réappropriation du risque inondation par les habitants L'exemple des crues rapides dans les territoires ruraux du Gard et du Vaucluse (France) 7 décembre 2017
No full textAlthough much is expected of them, inhabitants, referred to as “citizens” in technocratic programs, are still abstract “entities” with oft underestimated psychosocial underpinnings. Nonetheless, adopting the appropriate behaviours in the case of an event is related to a balance between actionable individual resources and the institutional measures individuals are able to take. As such, this thesis aims to measure inhabitants’ capacities with more finesse, namely by mobilising territorialised social innovation with regard to a specific risk: flash floods in south-east France. To this effect, an interdisciplinary survey was conducted (geography of risks, environmental psychology and social design) by associating empirical and experimental data. A series of interviews (36 managers, 4 river unions, 29 victims) and questionnaires (689) provided better understanding of their respective visions of risk management. Managers were lucid but powerless in the face of multiple flaws in public policy, whereas inhabitants displayed a large gap between their behavioural intentions and their risk-related knowledge. These results led us to conduct a creative workshop in Sauve (Gard, France) that confirmed the potential collective action from the start can have in terms of appropriation by inhabitants. The conclusions drawn from this work led us to question the reality of inhabitants’ involvement and to identify ways to encourage evolution of the state-centred approaches that are still preferred today, despite the progressive decline of the welfare state, which adds another degree of complexity.Alors qu’on attend beaucoup de lui, l’habitant, convoqué sous le terme de « citoyen » dans les dispositifs technocratiques, est pourtant une « entité » abstraite dont les dimensions psychosociologiques sont trop souvent sous-estimées. Néanmoins, l’adoption de comportements appropriés en cas d’événement est bel et bien lié à l’adéquation entre les ressources individuelles mobilisables et les mesures institutionnelles que l’individu est à même de s’approprier. Dès lors, cette thèse a pour but de mesurer plus finement les capacitations des habitants, en mobilisant notamment l’innovation sociale territorialisée face à un risque spécifique : les crues rapides pouvant se manifester dans le sud-est de la France. À cet effet, un protocole d’enquête s’appuyant sur l’interdisciplinarité (géographie des risques, psychologie environnementale et design social) et associant des données empiriques et expérimentales, a été mis en œuvre. Les entretiens réalisés (36 gestionnaires, 4 syndicats de rivières et 29 sinistrés) et les questionnaires (689) ont permis de mieux comprendre leur vision respective de la gestion des risques. Les gestionnaires sont lucides mais démunis face aux multiples failles des politiques publiques, tandis que des décalages importants existent entre les intentions comportementales et la connaissance des risques des habitants interrogés. Ces résultats ont ensuite permis de déployer un atelier créatif sur la commune de Sauve (Gard, France) qui a confirmé tout le potentiel d’appropriation par les habitants que peut avoir une démarche co-construite avec eux en amont. L’ensemble des éléments issus de ce travail amène à questionner la réalité de l’implication habitante et à identifier des leviers d’action pour faire évoluer l’approche stato-centrée encore privilégiée aujourd’hui, malgré le désengagement progressif de l’Etat-providence qui rajoute un degré supplémentaire de complexité
L'écriture féminine du désir : libération/libéralisation
No full textInternational audienceCet article analyse la réactivation de motifs sadiens dans deux romans de l’extrême contemporain : La vie sexuelle de Catherine M., de Catherine Millet et Putain, de Nelly Arcan. Dès le XVIIIème siècle, l’œuvre de Sade, et plus particulièrement l’hypothèse économique qui gouverne son système libertin, avait mis en scène les potentialités destructrices d’une rationalisation de la jouissance indexée sur des critères économiques. Mais les œuvres de Millet et d’Arcan convoquent une nouvelle communauté du désir au sein de laquelle la jouissance se révèle injonctive. De la numération des partenaires à une production sexuelle devenue production économique, l’écriture féminine contemporaine fait valoir le désir comme un analyseur social des nouveaux rapports de domination
¿Qué retos para los nuevos imaginarios de lo femenino?
No full textInternational audienceLas representaciones sociales desempeñan un papel fundamental en la forma en que abordamos el mundo y a los demás. Se trata aquí de examinar el papel que desempeñan en la evolución de la condición de las mujeres, y cómo dicha condición puede concebirse como situada en el seno de un dialéctica discursiva vertebrada por problemáticas del orden de la heterodesignacion y la autodesignación. Se trata también de examinar qué futuras evoluciones pueden determinar las actuales representaciones sociales. Palabras clave : representaciones sociales – femenino-género El presente volumen se propone estudiar en qué medida las representaciones sociales participan en las posibilidades de emancipación que se ofrecen a las mujeres o, al contrario, en la renovación de los roles heterosexuales más tradicionales. De igual modo, se tratará de examinar los desplazamientos que la expresión autónoma de las mujeres, ya se vincule ésta a su experiencia del mundo o bien a una subversión voluntaria, ha podido introducir y sigue introduciendo en dichas representaciones para llevar al estado actual de nuestras sociedades. La importancia que tienen las representaciones sociales en tanto que elementos de estructuración de lo social ha sido señalada desde distintas corrientes de pensamiento. En efecto, éstas juegan un papel tanto en la gestación como en la perpetuación de lo social. Evocar brevemente dos perspectivas permitirá establecer lo que se juega en la cuestión de los imaginarios sociales, tanto en lo que respecta a la emancipación femenina como en lo aferente a la liberación de las identidades de género del armazón heteronormativo. Evocaremos por tanto estas dos perspectivas, que se constituyen para nosotros en marco teórico. Examinaremos a continuación la evolución del feminismo, contemplado aquí como proceso histórico que se ha desarrollado en el seno de las culturas
