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Mesures d’antennes utilisant les coefficients modaux cylindriques en environnement non anéchoïque
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Spherical Near-field Measurement for Probe-fed High Directive Antenna at Millimeter Wave Frequency
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L'usage en partage : Analyse comparative des modèles socio-économiques d' "économie de (la) fonctionnalité" et d' "économie collaborative"
No full textAmong the designations that flourish in the economic press through the attractive name of « new business models » (in English in the text), two of them are specifically based on property sharing : « functional economy » and « sharing economy ». They both connect technological innovations with the evolution of social practices. These approaches intend to take advantage of a contemporary transformation of consumption patterns, characterized by a desecration of the role given to material goods.Our research focuses on the construction and meaning of several socio-economic models, in principle aiming to foster sustainable development. Although the multiplication of designations muddles the definitions of the models, each of them is connected to its own network of actors. Even if the French translations for « functional economy », « économie de fonctionnalité » and « économie de la fonctionnalité », are distinguished only by a definite article, they refer to two contradictory approaches. Similarly, while the term « sharing economy » firstly evokes the « peer-to-peer » (in English in the text) banner, it rapidly spreads to describe a form of connexionist capitalism.The deployment of the studied models makes it possible to capture certain transformations of contemporary representations. The relative success of the models depends on the correspondence of the ideals attached to each of them and the socio-economic facts experienced by actors. Evolution of work, changes in the outlines of property or distrust towards the political class are revealed by the analysis of discourses related to our topics.Parmi les désignations qui fleurissent dans la presse économique sous l’appellation attractive de « new business models », deux ont pour point commun de s’appuyer sur une logique de partage de biens : l’ « économie de (la) fonctionnalité » et l’ « économie collaborative ». Elles articulent l’exploitation d’innovations technologiques récentes avec l’évolution de pratiques sociales. Ces approches entendent tirer profit d’une transformation contemporaine des modes de consommation, caractérisée par une désacralisation du rôle accordé aux biens matériels.Notre axe de recherche questionne la construction et la signification de plusieurs modèles socio-économiques a priori tournés vers un développement durable. Bien que la multiplication des désignations sème le trouble dans leurs définitions, chacune d’entre elles peut être reliée à des réseaux d’acteurs distincts. Si les expressions « économie de fonctionnalité » et « économie de la fonctionnalité » ne se distinguent que par un déterminant, elles renvoient à deux approches en tension. De même, alors que le terme « économie collaborative » évoque au moment de son émergence la bannière « peer-to-peer », il se diffuse rapidement pour qualifier une forme de capitalisme connexionniste.Le déploiement des modèles étudiés permet de capter certaines transformations des représentations contemporaines. Le relatif succès des modèles est fonction de la correspondance des idéaux qui y sont attachés avec les faits socio-économiques éprouvés par les acteurs. Évolution des formes de travail, modification des contours d
H1-parametrizations of complex planar physical domains in Isogeometric analysis
No full textInternational audienceIsogeometric analysis (IGA) is a method for solving geometric partial differential equations(PDEs). Generating parameterizations of a PDE's physical domain is the basic and important issues within IGA framework. In this paper , we present a global H 1-parameterization method for a planar physical domain with complex topology
Spatiotemporal indicators of solar energy potential in the Guiana Shield using GOES images
No full textInternational audienceThe purpose of this article is to evaluate the potential for solar energy in the Guiana Shield and propose indicators to encourage the exploitation of solar energy systems in this area. For this, we use the Heliosat-2 optimized method to process images from the geostationary meteorological satellite GOES acquired in the period from April 2010 to July 2015. We calculated the average daily global horizontal irradiation (GHI) and direct normal irradiation (DNI) throughout the study period. The results obtained allowed us to establish four indicators: maps of production potential, the inter-day variability of DNI and GHI, maps of solar panel orientation related to maximum solar potential, and maps of areas where the solar resource is under the exploitable potential threshold. We also added an additional indicator, the suitability of areas for solar system installation depending on the ground slope. Our study shows that the average value of production potential for the entire Guiana Shield is approximately 1780 kWh.kWc-1 .year-1 for GHI and 2040 kWh.kWc-1 .year-1 for DNI. Comparisons with pyranometer measurements indicate an error relative bias of less than 2% and a relative RMSE of less than 21% for hourly estimates of GHI. Although the Guiana Shield region is covered by many clouds, few areas show insufficient solar potential for the exploitation of GHI and DNI, but the hilly nature of the area limits possible locations of very large power plants and instead favors more medium-sized plants. This is the first study that offers exploitability indicators for solar resources in the Guiana Shield. In conclusion, the established indicators provide a new perspective on the solar potential in the Guiana Shield and are expected to promote the development of new solar energy operating systems
Mate Limitation in Fungal Plant Parasites Can Lead to Cyclic Epidemics in Perennial Host Populations
No full textInternational audienceFungal plant parasites represent a growing concern for biodiversity and food security. Most ascomycete species are capable of producing different types of infectious spores both asexually and sexually. Yet the contributions of both types of spores to epidemiological dynamics have still to been fully researched. Here we studied the effect of mate limitation in parasites which perform both sexual and asexual reproduction in the same host. Since mate limitation implies positive density dependence at low population density, we modeled the dynamics of such species with both density-dependent (sexual) and density-independent (asexual) transmission rates. A first simple SIR model incorporating these two types of transmission from the infected compartment, suggested that combining sexual and asexual spore production can generate persistently cyclic epidemics in a significant part of the parameter space. It was then confirmed that cyclic persistence could occur in realistic situations by parameterizing a more detailed model fitting the biology of the Black Sigatoka disease of banana, for which literature data are available. We discuss the implications of these results for research on and management of Sigatoka diseases of banana
Antenne à double polarisation et diagramme reconfigurable destinée aux « small cells » pour la 5G
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A cost-effective monitoring technique in particle therapy via uncollimated prompt gamma peak integration
No full textInternational audienceFor the purpose of detecting deviations from the prescribed treatment during particle therapy, the integrals of uncollimated prompt gamma-ray timing distributions are investigated. The intention is to provide information, with a simple and cost-effective setup, independent from monitoring devices of the beamline. Measurements have been performed with 65 MeV protons at a clinical cyclotron. Prompt gamma-rays emitted from the target are identified by means of time-of-flight. The proton range inside the PMMA target has been varied via a modulator wheel. The measured variation of the prompt gamma peak integrals as a function of the modulator position is consistent with simulations. With detectors covering a solid angle of 25 msr (corresponding to a diameter of 3–4 in. at a distance of 50 cm from the beam axis) and 108 incident protons, deviations of a few per cent in the prompt gamma-ray count rate can be detected. For the present configuration, this change in the count rate corresponds to a 3 mm change in the proton range in a PMMA target. Furthermore, simulation studies show that a combination of the signals from multiple detectors may be used to detect a misplacement of the target. A different combination of these signals results in a precise number of the detected prompt gamma rays, which is independent on the actual target position