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A quantitative analysis of Final Palaeolithic/earliest Mesolithic cultural taxonomy and evolution in Europe
No full textArchaeological systematics, together with spatial and chronological information, are commonly used to infer cultural evolutionary dynamics in the past. For the study of the Palaeolithic, and particularly the European Final Palaeolithic and earliest Mesolithic, proposed changes in material culture are often interpreted as reflecting historical processes, migration, or cultural adaptation to climate change and resource availability. Yet, cultural taxonomic practice is known to be variable across research history and academic traditions, and few large-scale replicable analyses across such traditions have been undertaken. Drawing on recent developments in computational archaeology, we here present a data-driven assessment of the existing Final Palaeolithic/earliest Mesolithic cultural taxonomy in Europe. Our dataset consists of a large expert-sourced compendium of key sites, lithic toolkit composition, blade and bladelet production technology, as well as lithic armatures. The dataset comprises 16 regions and 86 individually named archaeological taxa (‘cultures’), covering the period between ca. 15,000 and 11,000 years ago (cal BP). Using these data, we use geometric morphometric and multivariate statistical techniques to explore to what extent the dynamics observed in different lithic data domains (toolkits, technologies, armature shapes) correspond to each other and to the culture-historical relations of taxonomic units implied by traditional naming practice. Our analyses support the widespread conception that some dimensions of material culture became more diverse towards the end of the Pleistocene and the very beginning of the Holocene. At the same time, cultural taxonomic unit coherence and efficacy appear variable, leading us to explore potential biases introduced by regional research traditions, inter-analyst variation, and the role of disjunct macroevolutionary processes. In discussing the implications of these findings for narratives of cultural change and diversification across the Pleistocene-Holocene transition, we emphasize the increasing need for cooperative research and systematic archaeological analyses that reach across research traditions
Fiskerlejet der forsvandt
No full textSønderside var i den sene middelalder et af Danmarks største fiskelejer. Det gik til grunde i en af de mest voldsomme stormfloder, der har ramt Vadehavet. i 1990érne påviste arkæologiske undersøgelser, hvor fiskelejet havde ligget, men nu har moderne geomagnetiske kortlægninger tilvejebragt et langt mere præcist grundlag for nye udgravninger
Keltisk eller Førromersk?:En undersøgelse af periodebetegnelser i dansk jernalderarkæologi
Get PDFCeltic or Pre-Roman Iron Age? An examination of period designations in Danish Iron Age archaeology. Historically, the subject of archaeological period terminology has not been under much scrutinization. This article presents a short formatted taxonomical division of the names of the archaeological periods. The taxa, of which there are five, can be summarized as material based, based on a locus classicus, typological, ethnic and popular based names. This gives rise to the question of why the Pre-Roman Iron Age is named as it is. Based on the observed taxonomical structure, the Pre-Roman Period should have an ethnic-based term. Semantically viewed, the name is uncharacteristic and is just an identifier of it being a part of the Iron Age prior to the Romans. Although an ethnic name does exist, the Celtic Iron Age, it is seldom used, and especially avoided by professional archaeologists. This article examines this discrepancy, and further looks into the consequence of the period´s uncharacteristic terminology
Anmeldelse: Palle Eriksen, Anne Birgitte Gebauer og Torsten Madsen samt supplerende bidrag fra Torben Dehn, Svend Illum Hansen, Poul Kjærum, Jørgen Rydén Rømer & James Richard Wilson: Megaliths and rituals at Tustrup, Denmark. Arkæologi Vestjylland, Moesgaard Museum, Ringkøbing Fjord Museer & Jutland Archaeological Society Publications Vol. 126
No full textPigments and their availability in early modern Europe (1400-1800)
No full textAlthough the palette of the European artist of the early modern period is now fairly well known through the cross-referencing of written sources and the results of physico-chemical analyses, a great deal of research still remains to be done concerning the availability of pigments in Early modern Europe.The last years have seen the publication of important volumes on the trade in painters’ materials (Kirby et al. 2010, Christensen et al. 2019), as well as a number of occasionnal publications. As for now, the role of certain European hubs for the production of and/or the trade in pigments has been acknowledged : Venice and Antwerp in the 16th c. are probably the best known examples (Krischel 2011, Vermeylen 2010), or London in the 18th c. (Simon 2019). In those places, figures specialised in the pigments retail trade have emerged in the historical research (e.g. vendecolori in Venice (Matthew and Berrie 2010, Delancey 2011)). As far as artificial pigments production is concerned, Vermilion has been highlighted for Antwerp (Vermeylen 2010), and Lead white for Venice (Berrie & Matthew 2011). In this latter case though, research still needs to be done on the use of the terminology ‘bianco da Venezia’ that could certainly also refer to the production process and hence the quality of the pigment, and not always to its place of manufacturing. A few short syntheses over the trade in pigments have been attempted, either concerning a time period (e.g. 16th c. (Matthew 2011)), a regional market (e.g. Spain (Herrero-Cortell 2019)) or a specific pigment (e.g. Cochineal (chapter in Roque 2021, in Trichaud-Buti & Buti 2021). Recent work in materials science on isotope ratios of certain chemical elements (e.g. Lead) has opened up a new field of research. These analyses help understand the ore location for painters materials but also the workshop practices related to the availabity and supply of pigments, and contribute to a historical understanding of the activity of painters. Other researches have examined prices (Kirby 2000, Spears 2010, Veliz 2010).All the same, we still miss a precise overview on the availability of pigments at a relatively fine scale in Europe, and over the whole early modern period (1400-1800). This means more research has to be done on the European production of pigments (e.g. deposits of ore for the pigment manufacturing, centers of artificial pigment production), the trade and its actors as far as wholesale and retail trades are concerned, but also the different qualities of pigments available at a given moment and in a given place, their prices in relationship with the economic situation and the local currencies. Proposals could address also the question of the availability of pigments as a function of time or place ; or the terminology used to designate pigments in relationship with location, quality, manufacturing process, etc. Short syntheses or case-studies in the field of humanities and material sciences would provide food for thought. This could lead to the refining of a 4D cartography of pigments in early modern Europe.<br/
Pigments and their availability in early modern Europe (1400-1800)
No full textAlthough the palette of the European artist of the early modern period is now fairly well known through the cross-referencing of written sources and the results of physico-chemical analyses, a great deal of research still remains to be done concerning the availability of pigments in Early modern Europe.The last years have seen the publication of important volumes on the trade in painters’ materials (Kirby et al. 2010, Christensen et al. 2019), as well as a number of occasionnal publications. As for now, the role of certain European hubs for the production of and/or the trade in pigments has been acknowledged : Venice and Antwerp in the 16th c. are probably the best known examples (Krischel 2011, Vermeylen 2010), or London in the 18th c. (Simon 2019). In those places, figures specialised in the pigments retail trade have emerged in the historical research (e.g. vendecolori in Venice (Matthew and Berrie 2010, Delancey 2011)). As far as artificial pigments production is concerned, Vermilion has been highlighted for Antwerp (Vermeylen 2010), and Lead white for Venice (Berrie & Matthew 2011). In this latter case though, research still needs to be done on the use of the terminology ‘bianco da Venezia’ that could certainly also refer to the production process and hence the quality of the pigment, and not always to its place of manufacturing. A few short syntheses over the trade in pigments have been attempted, either concerning a time period (e.g. 16th c. (Matthew 2011)), a regional market (e.g. Spain (Herrero-Cortell 2019)) or a specific pigment (e.g. Cochineal (chapter in Roque 2021, in Trichaud-Buti & Buti 2021). Recent work in materials science on isotope ratios of certain chemical elements (e.g. Lead) has opened up a new field of research. These analyses help understand the ore location for painters materials but also the workshop practices related to the availabity and supply of pigments, and contribute to a historical understanding of the activity of painters. Other researches have examined prices (Kirby 2000, Spears 2010, Veliz 2010).All the same, we still miss a precise overview on the availability of pigments at a relatively fine scale in Europe, and over the whole early modern period (1400-1800). This means more research has to be done on the European production of pigments (e.g. deposits of ore for the pigment manufacturing, centers of artificial pigment production), the trade and its actors as far as wholesale and retail trades are concerned, but also the different qualities of pigments available at a given moment and in a given place, their prices in relationship with the economic situation and the local currencies. Proposals could address also the question of the availability of pigments as a function of time or place ; or the terminology used to designate pigments in relationship with location, quality, manufacturing process, etc. Short syntheses or case-studies in the field of humanities and material sciences would provide food for thought. This could lead to the refining of a 4D cartography of pigments in early modern Europe.<br/
Arkæobotanisk analyse af en prøve fra den vikingetidige grube A168 fra Havsmarken LMR 14954.
No full textNakskov kirkegårde 140 år
No full textEn bog om Nakskov Kirkegårdes historie skrevet i anledningen af kirkegårdens 140 års jubilæum. Bogen er skrevet, så denne gennem de afdødes på kirkegårdens historie fortæller udvalgte dele af Nakskovs nyere historie. Den indeholder desuden også en generel gennemgang af kirkegårdene og begravelsestraditioner i Danmarks udvikling
