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The impact of the volcanic double event in AD 536 and AD 539/540 on tree-ring growth and felling activity in Danish oak trees
No full textTree-ring chronologies around the Northern Hemisphere have revealed the formation of extremely narrow growth rings during the mid-sixth century due to drastic climate changes caused by two or more large volcanic eruptions in AD 536 and AD 539/540. We explored the influence of these climate changes on tree-ring growth and felling activity of Danish oak trees (Quercus sp.) between AD 300 and AD 800. In total, 654 wooden samples from archaeological excavations were used to create a solid tree-ring chronology on a national and regional level(eastern and western Denmark). Tree-ring data from The International Tree-Ring Data Bank were used for comparison of growth patterns. Furthermore, felling dates from all samples were pooled into ten-year intervals to reveal changes in felling activity over time; a factor which reflects human activity in relation to climate changes.The national tree-ring chronology revealed a pronounced decrease in growth in AD 536 and AD 539 (33% and 53% growth reduction relative to the level of AD 535). Regionally, the same results were found for western Denmark, while trees from eastern Denmark showed the largest growth reduction in AD 540. Furthermore, tree-ring chronologies from four sample sites did not show a conspicuous growth decrease. This regional and local variation may be due to differences in soil characteristics between eastern and western Denmark and/or local differences in climate change impacts. Other tree-ring chronologies from the Northern Hemisphere showed growth reduction in AD 536 and the years between AD 539 and AD 543 indicating regional differences in growthand climate conditions as well.A gradual decrease in felling activity was found from AD 430 and between AD 470 and AD 550 it was almost absent. The low amount dendrochronological material from the fifth century very likely affected our results and no effect of climate changes on felling activity i.e. changes in human activity could be linked to this event.Tree-ring chronologies around the Northern Hemisphere have revealed the formation of extremely narrowgrowth rings during the mid-sixth century due to drastic climate changes caused by two or more large volcaniceruptions in AD 536 and AD 539/540. We explored the influence of these climate changes on tree-ring growthand felling activity of Danish oak trees (Quercus sp.) between AD 300 and AD 800. In total, 654 wooden samplesfrom archaeological excavations were used to create a solid tree-ring chronology on a national and regional level(eastern and western Denmark). Tree-ring data from The International Tree-Ring Data Bank were used forcomparison of growth patterns. Furthermore, felling dates from all samples were pooled into ten-year intervals toreveal changes in felling activity over time; a factor which reflects human activity in relation to climate changes.The national tree-ring chronology revealed a pronounced decrease in growth in AD 536 and AD 539 (33% and53% growth reduction relative to the level of AD 535). Regionally, the same results were found for westernDenmark, while trees from eastern Denmark showed the largest growth reduction in AD 540. Furthermore, treeringchronologies from four sample sites did not show a conspicuous growth decrease. This regional and localvariation may be due to differences in soil characteristics between eastern and western Denmark and/or localdifferences in climate change impacts. Other tree-ring chronologies from the Northern Hemisphere showedgrowth reduction in AD 536 and the years between AD 539 and AD 543 indicating regional differences in growthand climate conditions as well.A gradual decrease in felling activity was found from AD 430 and between AD 470 and AD 550 it was almostabsent. The low amount dendrochronological material from the fifth century very likely affected our results andno effect of climate changes on felling activity i.e. changes in human activity could be linked to this event
Long-lost relations and new-found distinctions:Redefining Lübeck attributions for three late-medieval fragments from Norwegian churches
No full textA multidisciplinary research group set out to determine how three fragmentary religious objects from Norwegian churches relate to each other. These include a shrine from Bygland church (Agder county), painted wings from Røldal stave church (Vestland county) and an altarpiece from the medieval church at Skjervøy (Troms county). Earlier researchers had linked these objects to Lübeck workshops and based on repeated patterns on the painted wings, to the so-called “Master of the Jegher epitaph”. This chapter clarifies and problematizes these similarities and attributions by focusing on physical and chemical data, as well as historical contextualization. The data suggest chiefly that multiple painters, who had access to common patterns, were responsible for the wing panels, while separate boxmakers and sculptors produced the corpus boxes and other elements. The data and structural features point to a variety of craftspeople, working over quite a long period, probably well beyond the bounds of Lübeck. Although evidence for workshop locations is too ambiguous to interpret, what is clear is that groups of craftspeople met the needs of a Norwegian market that was not bound to north German regulations or patrons
Their smaar koupstader - omfang, struktur og oppkomst:Nye arkeologiske og geofysiske undersøkelser på Veøya
No full textIn 2019, new archaeological surveys and geophysical prospections were conducted at the desertedmedieval town ofVeøy, contributing to new knowledge on the extent and the structure of this earlyurban settlement. The hitherto recognized extent was largely supported by measures of magneticsusceptibility, yet with some new extensions. By combining geophysics and visual surveys - and studyingthe material remains in relation to the landscape - we have suggested how different areas mayhave had different functions. We have also shown how social relations may have been materializedthrough monumental buildings, enclosures, road axes, and how the landscape also plays an activerole in the social structuration of urban space. Despite the challenges of interpreting, dating andtypologizing the various remains, we argue that the results may contribute to the discussion aboutthe urban origin and development and what role the town may have had in the Viking Age and theearly Middle Ages. Displaying a stratified social landscape, yet with a self-grown character - rapidlyexpanding through the 10th and 11 th century - we are suggesting that the urban character emergedfrom a recently established seat of power - possibly a royal estate
Norse Greenlanders
No full textA very great deal has happened in the archaeology of Norse Greenland in recent decades, and the aim of the book has been to produce an overview of the wide range of results from recent research, which have given us many more pieces of evidence to juggle on how life was in the settlements from settlement in the late 10th century to the depopulation in the middle of the 15th century. In several cases have made it possible to re-assess the results of earlier scholarship in a new light. All of this has yielded greater insight into life in the medieval Norse settlements in Greenland
Introduktion. Alberto Giacometti - Hvad øjet ser
No full textEn indføring i den problemstilling, der knytter sig Alberto Giacomettis "fænomenale" vending omkring midten af 1930erne
