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The Revolution of house paint technologies in the late 20th century and its influence on Danish architectural finishes
No full textThe many revolutionary innovations in house paint materials of the 20th century affected the use of paint and colours in architecture and thereby the aesthetic expression of Danish architecture. This research has shown that the production and use of house paint in 20th-century Denmark was shaped by an expanding international industry that was dependent on new technological innovations, trade and transatlantic commodity products, as well as an international economic crisis and two world wars. The research presented in this paper is based on published literature, architectural finishes research case studies carried out on Danish buildings, and interviews with practitioners including house painters and paint manufacturers focusing on the period from 1950 to 1983. By the start of the 1950s, oil-modified alkyd paints marked a major advancement in paint technology: the paint roller and the first waterborne plastic paints together with standardised tinting liquid colours and pastes, including synthetic organic pigments, were also launched. In the mid-1960s, the invention of the airless paint sprayer and alkyd paints revolutionised and changed the painter's workflow. In the 1970s, automatic tinting machines together with the establishment of the Natural Colour System further paved the way for fully manufactured paint products and a standardised way of communicating colour. The standardisation of paint products and increased efficiency of application techniques influenced the aesthetic expression of painted architecture in Denmark on a scale never before seen, replacing hand-tinted paints and traditional decoration techniques
Colorful arrows and xerox copies:Towards a history of cartography in Cold War military operational plans
No full textRecent years has seen an increasing focus on the history of cartography in relation to the Cold War, and a decent body of research have analyzed the Soviet military mapping program. In addition, several publications deals with the development national mapping and geospatial intelligence programs for both NATO and Warsaw Pact states. Yet, very little research have so far analyzed the use of maps and cartographic representations in Cold War military operational planning. Military operational planning constitutes a set of complex spatial-temporal relations between; (1) the physical and cultural environment of the operational area, (2) the desired operative objectives, and (3) information about the capability of own and enemy forces. Information about the operational environment is often presented in form of topographic as well as thematic maps at different scales. Topographic maps are also use as the main geographic reference for the content of plans, typically drawn either directly on topographic maps or on different types of overlays. Thus, cartographic representations are often used as one of the main conveyor of the spatial implications of operational plans. This is also the case with NATO and Warsaw Pact plans from the Cold War. While the two alliance had very different ways of applying cartographic representations in their operational planning, maps and spatial diagrams forms an important component of the operational planning of both sides. Based on comprehensive archives from the Danish military commands at COMLANDZEALAND and COMLANDJUT as well as the Polish General Staff during the Cold War, we propose the first steps towards a research agenda as well as a methodology for analysing the history of cartography of Cold War operational planning. <br/
Tasting local history:Dissemination of the cultural history of food through cooking and dining
No full textDenne artikel diskuterer, hvordan museer kan formidle madens kulturhistorie ved at lave mad, smage og dele måltider. Artiklen bygger på omfattende data fra et madkulturprojekt (SPIS Ma/eD) gennemført i Lolland-Falster, den sydøstlige del af Danmark, mellem 2020 og 2023. Analysen fokuserer på tre nøgleresultater: det sociale aspekt af erfaringsdeling og måltider, den dialogiske formidling af kulturel madhistorie og sansemæssigt engagement gennem madlavning og smagning. Artiklen konkluderer, at madlavning og spisning sammen med andre museumsgæster beriger museumsoplevelsen og transformerer den til en meget sanselig og social begivenhed, der forbinder historien med deltagernes nuværende hverdag. SPIS Ma/eD-projektet demonstrerer også værdien af at integrere madkultur i museernes kommunikations- og formidlingspraksis. Denne integrerede tilgang til lokalsamfundet, uddannelsesinstitutioner og innovative arrangementer har skabt en model, der kan inspirere andre museerThis article discusses how museums can disseminate the cultural history of food by cooking, tasting, and sharing meals. The article builds on vast data from a food culture project (SPIS Ma/eD) conducted in Lolland-Falster, the southeastern part of Denmark, between 2020 and 2023. The analysis centres on three key findings: the social aspect of sharing experiences and meals, the dialogical dissemination of cultural food history, and sensory engagement through cooking and tasting. The article concludes that cooking and dining together with other museum visitors enriches the museum experience and transforms it into a highly sensory and social event that links history to the present everyday life of the participants. The SPIS Ma/eD project also demonstrates the value of integrating food culture into the communication and dissemination practices of museums. This integrated approach to the local community, educational institutions, and innovative events has created a model that may inspire other museums
The palisade and gate
No full textThe palisade is by far the largest element of the tenth-century monument complex at Jelling. Its size alone is impressive, but equally remarkable is the geometric precision and the enormous timber consumption, which can be determined from the archaeological evidence. The most significant stretches are in the north, where the length of the northern line has been precisely determined by the two identified corners, respectively in the north-west and north-east, and in the east. Shorter parts have been investigated to the west and south, and have made it possible to determine the course of all four sides of the palisade and establish the approximate location of the two southern corners. There is considerable variation in the level of preservation of the individual sections. In the northern part of the area the topsoil layer was thin, and the palisade ditch took the form of a continuous dark course against the background of light yellow subsoil. The southern part is much better preserved, and the dimensions of individual planks and posts could be recorded. In the pond Smededammen oak timbers were still preserved in the waterlogged, oxygen-lacking bottom layers of the pond. The chapter begins with a description of the appearance and construction of the palisade, followed by a discussion of a gate to the north and evidence of transportation in the landscape. Finally, the dating of the overall structure is summarised
The Notion of Power in the Study of Metal-rich Archaeological Sites
Get PDFThis article explores the concept of power in archaeological studies from the Late Iron Age to the Middle Ages, particularly in Denmark. It is argued here that power is not only exercised top-down by kings and aristocrats but also bottom-up by the rural population. New metal detector finds indicate that power and resources were widely distributed among rural communities, challenging traditional hierarchical models. It also highlights how local networks and collective actions played a central role in social organisation and development. Borake advocates for a more comprehensive and nuanced understanding of power structures in archaeological studies
Roman Carthage: A Reappraisal
No full textThe papers in the present volume originate from the international conference “Roman Carthage: A Reappraisal” held at the Danish Institute in Rome, 18-20th of January 2022. The overriding aim of the conference was to take stock of our current knowledge of Roman Carthage with a view to identifying future directions. The UNESCO-project ‘Pour sauver Carthage’, which was launched in 1972, comprised excavations by both Tunisian and international teams, of which some have only been published relatively recently.1 Since then, our knowledge of Roman Carthage has increased through new fieldwork and insights. It was our ambition to bring scholars from Tunisia as well as from countries that were part of the UNESCO-project together to discuss different aspects of Roman Carthage, and in this we succeeded
Gudme as First-Generation Central Place:the case of an agrarian-based, non-resilient urban trajectory
Get PDFViking Age Aristocratic Residences in Northern Europe explores the dynamic political and social landscapes of Northern Europe from AD 600 to 1000. This comprehensive volume delves into the aristocratic centres that played a pivotal role in shaping the Viking Age, offering fresh perspectives on royal power, landscape of power, defence, and societal organization. Featuring new archaeological data from major sites like Erritsø, Munkebo Bakke, BirkaKorshamn, Borre, Tinghaug, Rendelsham etc. it challenges traditional views on Viking Age kingdoms and their rulers, proposing a nuanced understanding of itinerant kingship local differences and its impact on local and regional governance.Bringing together leading scholars from across Europe, this anthology uncovers the multifunctionality and strategic importance of these sites, revealing their role not just in local defence but also in the collection of tribute, production of luxury goods, and as centres of political and ritual activities. Drawing parallels with Anglo-Saxon England and the Carolingian Empire, the book widens the concept of aristocratic power in the Viking Age.This book is an essential read for anyone interested in Viking Age archaeology, medieval history, and the i
Hafting of a Neolithic leister: Identification of adhesives from Lolland (Denmark)
Get PDFBirch tar has been identified as the predominant adhesive used for hafting purposes in the European Mesolithic and Neolithic. Its role in the manufacture of composite tools and weapons comprising wooden, bone and flint components attests its importance during these periods. The discovery of birch tar lumps, some bearing tooth imprints, suggests a broader range of functions beyond its adhesive properties. In this study, we present an analysis of five residues from two sites (Syltholm II and Strandholm I) that have been excavated through the Femern project, with the aim to shed light on the adhesives used in relation to their functions. Through chemical analyses, we show that birch tar constitutes the main component of two lumps and one chewed piece. We also found that birch tar served to haft a bone point within leister prongs, providing new information on its previously unknown role in composite fishing tool technology. These findings have significant implications for our understanding of the functional role and performance of birch tar in aquatic environments