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Tangible Books, Catalogues of Holdings and Abstract Bibliographies.:Retrospective Bibliography in Denmark
Get PDFThis article analyses the history, state and possible development of retrospective bibliography in Denmark. Current bibliography, a joint responsibility of the Danish Bibliographic Centre (DBC) and the Royal Danish Library, is governed by legislation, whereas retrospective bibliography is not. The history of retrospective bibliography is closely connected to legal deposit and to the holdings of the Royal Danish Library. The printed retrospective bibliography, Bibliotheca Danica, was published in the years 1872–1931. An addition was published in 1943, and a photographic reprint with corrections and supplements was published 1961–1963. In spite of the fact that the Royal Danish Library many years ago made a retrospective conversion of all entries in Bibliotheca Danica, there is today no digital version of its entries and no digital Danish retrospective bibliography covering the period 1482–1840. There are instead cataloguesof holdings of individual libraries and national union catalogues. The article concludes that it would be desirable to produce a digital retrospective bibliography of books printed before 1841
“Saksta” z Lutomierska: Nowe rozważania nad pochodzeniem, funkcją i znaczeniem unikatowej zapinki podkowiastej z wczesnośredniowiecznego cmentarzyska w centralnej Polsce
Get PDFNiniejszy artykuł analizuje kwestie pochodzenia, funkcji oraz znaczenia zapinki podkowiastej znalezionej w grobie ciałopalnym nr 9 na cmentarzysku wczesnośredniowiecznym w Lutomiersku. Ten wykonany ze stopu miedzi zabytek najprawdopodobniej powstał na obszarach bałtyjskich leżących dziś w obrębie Litwy i Łotwy. Jego pojawienie się na ziemiach polskich może być efektem rozmaitych interakcji kulturowych pomiędzy ludnością słowiańską a bałtyjską.This article discusses the matters of origin, function and significance of the penannular brooch found in cremation grave no. 9 in the early medieval cemetery in Lutomersk. This copper alloy find was most likely manufactured in the Baltic areas, which today lie within the borders of Lithuania and Latvia. Its presence in Poland may be the result of various cultural interactions between the Slavic and Baltic peoples
Experimental investigation of environmental and material factors in darkening of historic and modern lead white
No full textThe progressive darkening of lead white represents a critical challenge in the preservation of artworks on paper. The National Gallery of Denmark has witnessed an alarming acceleration of this phenomenon since the early 2000s, with lead white highlights in numerous old master drawings undergoing rapid discolouration. This study investigated the factors contributing to the darkening of lead white, specifically comparing industrially manufactured pigments to historically reproduced ones. The research aimed to determine if modern lead white, typically characterised by a higher proportion of hydrocerussite to cerussite in its composition, is more susceptible to darkening. Lead white paint mock-ups were subjected to hydrogen sulfide exposure under varying environmental (such as temperature and relative humidity levels) and material (such as pigment and binder properties) conditions to examine their impact on pigment stability. Due to the extensive number of variables involved, the investigation focused on a subset of the possible experimental conditions. The results indicated that modern lead white is more prone to rapid darkening, likely due to increased lead hydroxide content and smaller particle size, leading to higher reactivity with hydrogen sulfide. Additionally, the pigment-to-binder ratio significantly influenced darkening, with high ratios exacerbating the issue for both industrially made and historically reproduced pigments. Although temperature and relative humidity had minimal direct effects, elevated temperature and humidity conditions could potentially accelerate deterioration by hastening chemical reactions and promoting hydrogen sulfide dissociation into more reactive ionic species, respectively, thus increasing lead white vulnerability to darkening. However, given the observed greater influence of chemical and structural properties over environmental physical factors in the darkening of lead white, these findings emphasise the crucial role of pollution control and suggest that effective preservation of artworks and historical artefacts containing lead white highlights should prioritise strategies to reduce hydrogen sulfide exposure, rather than solely relying on climate control measures
Temporal patterns in Mesolithic activity at Duvensee, Germany
No full textThe Duvensee peat bog is one of the best-known prehistoric landscapes in northern Europe, with hunter-gatherer activities located on small islands on the western edge of an Early Holocene lake. Excellent organic preservation, precise excavation, and rigorous radiocarbon sample selection permit the application of Bayesian chronological modelling. Over 250 radiocarbon results date a dozen Mesolithic sites to an extended period between the 9th and 7th millennia BCE. Each site may only have been used briefly – perhaps only for a single season in some cases – but some were used repeatedly over the course of decades or even centuries. Site chronological models reveal sharp fluctuations in the overall level of recorded Mesolithic activity. A spike in the intensity and diversity of activity coincided with the rapid expansion of hazel (Corylus avellana) at the start of the Boreal biozone, but a steep decline in dated activity in the later 9th millennium BCE may be an artefact of changes in lake level, rather than reflecting a response to vegetation change, climate deterioration or societal reconfiguration. Although the Duvensee radiocarbon results can be construed to support arguments that rapid climate change had a significant impact on human activity, known climate events occurred when the record of human occupation at Duvensee was already discontinuous. It is therefore difficult to infer (or exclude) environmental factors as triggers of changes in the archaeological record. Our results suggest focusing research on the early Boreal phase, during which the widest range of site-types is preserved and accessible for archaeological investigation
Hverdagsliv og hverdagstro:Et kulturhistorisk studie af den danske præindustrielle landalmues hverdagspraksisser og hverdagsmæssige trosforestillinger eksemplificeret i en undersøgelse af pløjning og smørkærning
No full textUnder titlen ”Hverdagsliv og hverdagstro” går afhandlingen i dybden med den danske præindustrielle landalmues hverdagsmæssige praksisser og trosforestillinger, for at undersøge diverse praksissers form og betydning i hverdagen, men især med henblik på at studere om og hvordan diverse trosforestillinger kom til udtryk i, og hvilken betydning de havde for, de gængse hverdagspraksisser. Helt specifikt tager denne undersøgelse udgangspunkt i pløjningen og smørkærningen, og de praksisser og forestillinger der har omgærdet disse. Undersøgelsen befinder sig imellem felter, og er et forsøg på at opstille et gunstigt samarbejde mellem folkloristikken og historiefaget ved at fokusere på den praktiserede del af et klassisk folkloristisk felt. Undersøgelsen arbejder således ikke med én entydig og sammentømret teori, men tager teoretisk set afsæt i praksisteorien, mikrohistorien og erfaringshistorien, mens det kildemæssige grundlag fortrinsvist beror på udgivne folkeminder, topografiske værker og Nationalmuseets Etnologiske Undersøgelser. Grundlæggende skal der i undersøgelsen underforstås en kulturforståelse, hvor menneskers handlen struktureres af en bagvedliggende kultur, men i sin udførelse omstruktureres eller forandres denne kultur på sin vis også. Man kan derfor se folks praksisser som en udmøntning af, og dermed en form for indikator på, en given kultur. Ved at se nærmere på folks praksisser, kan man således ane denne kultur. I afhandlingen klarlægges det, hvordan smørkærning og pløjning hver især udgør et praksisfællesskab. Disse indeholder og bygger således på blandt andet oplæring, fælles regler og viden, social anseelse og altså generelt en grundlæggende delt forståelse af den overordnede, primære praksis og meningen med denne. Disse praksisfællesskaber indeholder dog også en omfattende forestillingsdimension. I behandlingen af smørkærningen og pløjningen bliver det tydeligt, at der er en hel del sekundære praksisser og trosforestillinger tilknyttet de to primære praksisser. Når man sammenstiller disse forestillinger og praksisser – både indenfor samme primære praksis, men også på tværs af de to – overlapper de på en række punkter, og der tegner sig et billede af en række overordnede praksisser, forestillinger eller principper, og man kan således ane en bagvedliggende kultur. Afhandlingen argumenterer for, at hverdagen er udgjort af en (måske uendelig) lang række af disse praksisfællesskaber og overordnede principper, der overlapper på kryds og tværs. Med mikrohistoriens tanke, om det partikulære som en del af helheden, ville det således give mening, hvis dette også var tilfældet for en lang række andre hverdagspraksisser og trosforestillinger. I forhold til afhandlingens grundlæggende spørgsmål om hvilken betydning disse praksisser og forestillinger havde for hverdagen, kan det således konkluderende siges, at de ikke blot havde mening for hverdagen, de var hverdagen
