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The application of auxin-like compounds promotes cold acclimation in the oilseed rape plant /
No full textCold is a major environmental key factor influencing plant growth, development, and productivity. Responses and adaption processes depend on plant physiological and biochemical modifications, first of all via the hormonal system. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) plays a critical role in the processes of plant functioning. To assess the influence of the auxin-like compounds 1-[2-chloroethoxycarbonylmethyl]-4-naphthalenesulfonic acid calcium salt (TA-12) and 1-[2-dimethylaminoethoxycarbonylmethyl]naphthalene chloromethylate (TA-14) in the process of cold acclimation, long-term field trials over four years were performed with two rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) plant cultivars with different wintering resistance in temperate-zone countries. In these two rapeseed cultivars, namely ‘Casino’ (less resistant) and ‘Valesca’ (more resistant), investigations were conducted in the terminal buds and root collars. The application of auxin-like compounds revealed a close interlinkage between the composition of dehydrins and the participation of the phytohormone IAA in the adaptation processes. By applying TA-12 and TA-14, the importance of the proteins, especially the composition of the dehydrins, the IAA amount, and the status of the oilseed rape cultivars at the end of the cold acclimation period were confirmed. Following on from this, when introducing oilseed rape cultivars from foreign countries, it may also be of value to assess their suitability for cultivation in temperate-zone countries
Taxonomic review of the subgenus Tatsipolia Benedek, Behounek, Floriani & Saldaitis of the genus Dasypolia Guenee with descriptions of two new species from southern Xizang, China (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) /
No full textThe subgenus Tatsipolia Benedek, Behounek, Floriani & Saldaitis, 2011 of the genus Dasypolia Guenée, 1852 is reviewed. Two new species, D. (T.) sejilaensis sp. nov. and D. (T.) cerritula sp. nov. are described from the Linzhi (Nyingchi) Prefecture in southern Xizang, China. The adults and the male and female genitalia of all species in the subgenus are illustrated. Additionally, Dasypolia (Auropolia) carlotta Floriani, Benedek, Behounek & Saldaitis, 2011 is reported from Xizang for the first time
Kai kurių Nepticulidae minų požymių priklausomybės aspektai.
No full textThe article examines the aspects of dependence of some leaf mine characters. The correlation between the deposition of frass and the morphological type of the leaf mine suggests that ecological adaptations associated with the drying of the frass are diverse, depending on the morphological type the leaf mine. The colour of frass has little in common with the systematic group (i.e., family) of host plants. Black frass is characteristic and predominant among miners of any host plant family. The study also suggests that the location of frass is at least partially associated with different morphological types of leaf mines. When summarising the results of the study, it can be stated that the filling of the initial part of the mine with frass is related to the filling of the whole gallery of the leaf mine
Do reproductive traits of invasive populations of Scotch broom, Cytisus scoparius (Fabaceae), outperform native populations? /
No full textReproductive traits are among the most important factors in determining the success of species establishment and invasion in a new area. Studies on transcontinental invasions have revealed that invasive species perform better in the invasive range than in their native ranges. We assumed that the same regularity exists in intracontinental invasions and thus investigated whether the reproductive traits of Scotch broom, Cytisus scoparius, perform better in the alien invasive range in Europe compared to its native range in the same continent. The aim of this research was to reveal the potential and realised fecundity of C. scoparius in its native and invasive ranges, as well as relationships with the size of pods, habitat type, and how these traits vary at the same site in different years. The results of this study were not able to unambiguously confirm our hypothesis that C. scoparius in the invasive range in Lithuania, specifically in the southern part of the Boreal biogeographical region, outperform plants in the native range with regard to the analysed reproductive traits. Potential fecundity of C. scoparius in the native range was significantly higher than in the invaded range; however, realised fecundity was not significantly different between the native and invasive ranges. The pod length was similar in both ranges, whereas the pod width was significantly greater in the invasive range than in the native range. The results suggest that the number of ovules per pod, number of matured seeds, and the size of pods are related with the type of habitat and local environmental conditions in the habitat. Although many studies on other species have confirmed higher fecundity and overall better performance of plants in the invasive range than in the native range on other continents, this rule probably cannot be applied for intracontinental invasive species occurring in relatively close geographical regions to their native ranges
Temperature impacts on fish physiology and resource abundance lead to faster growth but smaller fish sizes and yields under warming /
No full textResolving the combined effect of climate warming and exploitation in a food web context is key for predicting future biomass production, size-structure and potential yields of marine fishes. Previous studies based on mechanistic size-based food web models have found that bottom-up processes are important drivers of size-structure and fisheries yield in changing climates. However, we know less about the joint effects of ‘bottom-up’ and physiological effects of temperature; how do temperature effects propagate from individual-level physiology through food webs and alter the size-structure of exploited species in a community? Here, we assess how a species-resolved size-based food web is affected by warming through both these pathways and by exploitation. We parameterize a dynamic size spectrum food web model inspired by the offshore Baltic Sea food web, and investigate how individual growth rates, size-structure, and relative abundances of species and yields are affected by warming. The magnitude of warming is based on projections by the regional coupled model system RCA4-NEMO and the RCP 8.5 emission scenario, and we evaluate different scenarios of temperature dependence on fish physiology and resource productivity. When accounting for temperature-effects on physiology in addition to on basal productivity, projected size-at-age in 2050 increases on average for all fish species, mainly for young fish, compared to scenarios without warming. In contrast, size-at-age decreases when temperature affects resource dynamics only, and the decline is largest for young fish. Faster growth rates due to warming, however, do not always translate to larger yields, as lower resource carrying capacities with increasing temperature tend to result in decline in the abundance of larger fish and hence spawning stock biomass. These results suggest that to understand how global warming affects the size structure of fish communities, both direct metabolic effects and indirect effects of temperature via basal resources must be accounted for
Oilseed rape: biology, use, current cultivation issues and agronomic management /
No full textOilseed rape is an economically crucial agricultural crop widely grown in many countries. It is an herbaceous plant which belongs to the Brassicaceae family and, according to the nature of vegetation, is present in spring and winter subspecies. Over the years, the area of oilseed rape increased due to its widespread use for producing technical and food oil, fuel and other market needs. Oilseed rape oil is one of the most widely used food oils on the globe. It is valued for its high content of unsaturated fatty acids and odorlessness. The yield of oilseed rape mainly depends on its genetic potential, agronomic management, and environmental conditions. Thus, oilseed rape growers worldwide meet not only common, but also climate zone-specific agronomic issues, e.g., various unfavourable abiotic and biotic factors characteristic to a particular climate zone. Thanks to the efforts of breeders, scientists, and chemical companies, the solutions to the big problems such as disease resistance, lodging, delayed harvest, weed, pest and pod shatter control, are already available and still under search aiming to reveal the full potential of the cultivars
Notes on Streblote (Lepidoptera, Lasiocampidae, Lasiocampinae) from the Malay Archipelago with two new species description /
No full textThe article updates the status of the three valid taxa of the genus Streblote Hübner, 1820 from the Malay Archipelago. The species Streblote castanea (Swinhoe, 1892) was described from an unstated location in the Philippines. Presently this species is recorded from 8 major Philippine islands: Cebu, Luzon, Mindanao, Mindoro, Negros, Palawan, Panay, and Samar. The three populations from Luzon, Mindoro, and Negros have pairwise distances ranging from 2.45 to 3.92%. Genetic distance together with geographic isolation is enough to treat the populations as separate species, but the description of new Philippine taxa is not possible until the island of the origin of S. castanea is designated. To locate the species origin and to understand relationships to other populations, the type specimen has to be barcoded. The species Streblote dorsalis (Walker, 1866) from Borneo is similar morphologically to S. castanea. It has to be sequenced as well to understand its relationship with the Philippine species and with geographically and morphologically close populations from the islands Belitung and Sulawesi. The taxon Streblote pallida (Rothschild, 1915) from Java and Bali was earlier attributed as a subspecies to S. castanea and then to S. dorsalis. It is raised here to a bona species because of its wing pattern distinct from the two species, it has an average pairwise distance of 5.15% from S. castanea. Two populations from the neighboring Sumatra, Flores and Sumba are described as new species Streblote gerry sp. n. and Streblote jacquie sp. n. Streblote pallida and S. jacquie sp. n. have a pairwise distance of up to 2.45%
Valeria kalashiani, a new species from Armenia (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Amphipyrinae) /
No full textA new species of the genus Valeria Stephens, 1829, Valeria kalashiani sp. n. is described from south-eastern Armenia (south-western Vayots Dzor Province). The diagnostic comparison is made with V. kartalea Kuhna & Schmitz, 1997 and V. schreieri Hacker & Ebert, 2002. Adults, male and female genitalia are illustrat
Description and molecular characterization of novel Leucocytozoon parasite (Apicomplexa: Haemosporida: Leucocytozoidae), Leucocytozoon polynuclearisn. sp. found in North American woodpeckers /
No full textWe describe Leucocytozoon polynuclearis n. sp. (Haemosporida: Leucocytozoidae) from two North American woodpeckers, the northern flicker (Colaptes auratus Linnaeus) and white-headed woodpecker (Dryobates albolarvatus Boie, 1826), based on the morphology of its blood stages and portions of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. The most distinctive features of Leucocytozoon polynuclearis n. sp. development are the triangular-shaped host cell nuclei and position of host cell nuclei above gametocytes. This parasite inhabits thrombocytes. Leucocytozoon squamatus Nandi, 1986, the only other Leucocytozoon species detected from Picidae birds, lacks features that are commonly found with L. polynuclearis n. sp. infections. Phylogenetic analysis identified DNA lineages associated with L. polynuclearis n. sp. and showed that this parasite is more closely related to other North American Leucocytozoon species than to L. squamatus, whose initial description was from infected Old World Picidae species. Although there are reports of L. squamatus in North American Picidae species, these detections were based only on microscopic examinations, remain genetically non-characterized, and might be misidentifications with regards to L. polynuclearis n. sp. Available parasite distribution data indicate that L. polynuclearis n. sp. infects Picidae species throughout North America and L. squamatus distribution probably is restricted to Old World Piciformes birds.vv
Molecular markers and SEM imaging reveal pseudocryptic diversity within the Ponto-Caspian low-profile amphipod invader Dikerogammarus bispinosus /
No full textThe Ponto-Caspian amphipod Dikerogammarus bispinosus was originally described from the Black Sea basin. Its recent discovery in the Caspian Sea basin was puzzling because it was unknown whether it was an invasive or an overlooked native species in this area. Here, we examined specimens collected from both the Black and Caspian Sea basins by means of molecular species delimitation based on nuclear (28S) and mitochondrial (COI) DNA sequences, as well as scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Our analyses reveal that D. bispinosus comprises three evolutionary independent lineages that are molecularly and morphologically distinct. One lineage occurs throughout rivers in the Black Sea basin, while the other two inhabit the Caspian Sea and were found in sympatry, further reinforcing that they are distinct species. Our time-calibrated phylogeny indicates that these lineages split during the Late Miocene-Pliocene, a period corresponding with the separation of the Black and Caspian basins via the Caucasus mountain uplift. SEM imaging revealed morphological differences with respect to setal patterns on the gnathopod propodi among all three lineages. Therefore, our results clearly indicate not only that D. bispinosus is native in the Caspian region, but that it has been overlooked for a long time. Additional populations covering the entire range of this species complex need to be further studied in order to gain a more complete picture of its evolutionary history and resolve its taxonomy