Portail HAL UNIV-RENNES
Not a member yet
180610 research outputs found
Sort by
Past trajectory of a socio-ecosystem at the land-sea interface: the case of the northern watersheds of the Bay of Brest over the last 150 years
No full textInternational audienceThe Bay of Brest (BB) is a macro-tidal estuarine environment that has been exposed to strong anthropogenic pressures over the last decades, especially after the Second World War. It is therefore considered as a regional pilot site for addressing coastal ecosystem transformations since the Industrial Revolution. We analysed 4 sediment cores collected in 2 different BB areas more or less exposed to marine hydrodynamic processes: i) Elorn sector (3 cores) and ii) Bay of Daoulas (1 core), in the inner BB, close to the mouth of the Daoulas river, with the aim of deciphering past environmental changes at a high temporal resolution (sub-decadal) over the last 150 years.Working at a local spatial scale (BB) allows addressing robust correlations between driving forces and environmental changes, as previously demonstrated by pluridisciplinary approaches in the study area (Lambert et al., 2018; Siano et al., 2021). In this project, we are therefore building on this existing dataset (low resolution palynology on the Daoulas core and sedaDNA analyses in the 4 study cores) with the addition of new analyses (high resolution palynology in the Daoulas core and new data for the others, benthic foraminiferal assemblages, sedimentological data and ICP-AES elemental geochemistry in the Daoulas core), with a very fine study resolution (2-year resolution for the Daoulas and 2 to 16-year resolution for the others). Furthermore, statistical analyses based on paleoecological time series allow the detection of major break points, especially thanks to the palynological and sedimentological datasets.This work then highlights 3 major thresholds (1945, 1960-170, 1980) allowing discussion of past changes in protist communities and in BB landscapes through time. These data are finally discussed in the light of reanalysis of regional precipitation signals (by modelling approaches based on NOAA data), instrumental data (nutrient concentrations) as well as historical chronicles (land-use practices and industrial-mining-war pressures) to tackle the main forcing factors responsible for coastal ecosystem transformations. We especially highlight the strong pressure of agriculture practices on trophic changes and degradation of BB’s water quality, as observed through coastal observatory series (IUEM, REPHY) with the recrudescence of toxic algal blooms since the 1980’s
De la scène artistique locale à l’enclave touristique globale : trajectoire du quartier M50 à Shanghai
No full textInternational audienceAnalyser le cas du quartier M50 à Shanghai au prisme de la scène nécessite d’adopter une approche dynamique sensible aux évolutions concomitantes du territoire et de ses acteurs artistiques. Ce chapitre se déroulera ainsi en six temps pour présenter (1) le contexte historique et territorial du M50, à partir duquel (2) se développe une dynamique d’agglomération d’activités artistiques qui (3) mène à l’affirmation d’une scène vécue au début des années 2000, avant (4) de voir les autorités locales institutionnaliser cette scène à partir de 2005, ce qui (5) contribue à accélérer la mutation du quartier avec un déclin récent de la scène vécue (6) menant à une transformation progressive du M50 en une enclave touristique marquée par une scène éprouvée intense et une scène médiatique affirmée. L’objectif est de restituer de façon synthétique ce cas d’étude et de faire émerger en conclusion les principales leçons à tirer pour le concept de scène tel qu’il a été défini dans le programme Scaena
Programmes polychromes des statues de Vénus et des Nymphes d’Afrique proconsulaire en contexte thermal
No full textInternational audienc
Root Disease Complexes of Arable Crops: Where Do We Stand and Where Should We Go?
No full textInternational audienceRoot diseases are a major global threat to sustainable agricultural production. Complexes of interacting soilborne fungal, oomycete and nematode pathogens are involved in causing these diseases that are generally termed root disease complexes. These soilborne pathogen complexes typically have resilient long-term survival mechanisms, the ability to cross-infect multiple crop genera and species, and a wide range of spatial dispersal modes. Although, in some instances, individual pathogens within a complex have been identified using classical and molecular techniques, in most cases the full range of pathogens involved in root disease complexes remain undefined. At the molecular level, it is increasingly obvious that different pathogens engage unique sets of proteins to infect hosts successfully. In addition, the unpredictable and ever-changing nature of soilborne pathogens in space and time challenges their management. A better understanding of the whole system dynamics of root disease complexes is thus a prerequisite for their effective management, especially under climate change scenarios. Management of root disease complexes is dependent upon improved detection and diagnostic techniques that accurately define the full pathogen complement involved, along with an improved understanding of the evolution of root disease complexes, their epidemiology, and adaptation across multiple hosts within wide-ranging and dynamic agricultural systems. This review will focus on root disease complexes of arable crops, with particular emphasis on diagnosis, pathogen genetic diversity, epidemiology, management options, and, how root and airborne diseases interact, and will identify future scope of research
Broadband 1-bit Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface at Millimeter Waves: Overcoming PIN-Diode Degradation with Slotline Ring Topology
No full textInternational audienceThis paper explains the non-idealities that arise when using PIN diodes at millimeter-wave frequencies and the important limitations that they bring in classical configurations of 1-bit slotline reconfigurable unit cells. A robust solution is proposed where a single PIN diode is inserted inside a ring topology. The slotline unit cell is analyzed through a circuit-model approach. Its performance is compared with a unit cell based on a single slotline, which also includes a PIN diode, referred to as classical configuration. For experimental assessment, a circuit prototype is fabricated to verify the phase difference of both PIN diode states in each unit cell configuration. The measured results reveal that the slotline unit cell with ring configuration provides a 180°± 20°reflection phase difference from 36.3 GHz to 45 GHz (21.4% relative bandwidth). Finally, the proposed slotline unit cell with ring topology is measured in a complete array to assess its performance in periodic and quasi-periodic environments. The measurements confirm the 1-bit behavior for both normal and oblique incidence with losses less than 2 dB. Therefore, this enables the design of wideband 1-bit reconfigurable reflectarrays and RIS in this frequency range
Which carbon footprint for my ICU? Benchmark, hot spots and perspectives
No full textInternational audienceBackground: The purpose of this study was to identify the main greenhouse gas (GHG) emitting activities or products among the medical devices (MD) and medicines used in a polyvalent Intensive Care Unit (ICU).Methods: A pragmatic eco-audit was conducted in a 21-beds polyvalent ICU, in Saint-Brieuc, Bretagne, France. It consisted of estimating GHG emissions of products or activities, considering process-based life cycle analysis (LCA), economic input-output analysis (EIO) and hybrid-LCA. Results were expressed as Carbon Dioxide Equivalent (CO2e) emissions per patient-day considering each medication and MD (including personal protective equipment).Results: With remaining uncertainty, GHG emissions were estimated at 61.1 kgCO2e per patient-day. Two hundred and two individual MD were used per patient-day, equivalent to 5.1 kgCO2e per patient-day (process-based LCA). Gloves accounted for the main part of kgCO2e emissions (representing 1.8 kgCO2e per patient-day). Then, syringes (1.1 kgCO2e per patient-day), perfusion tubings (1.0 per patient-day) and gauze pads (0.4 kgCO2e per patient-day) were the most important sources of MD related GHG emissions. Forty-seven individual medicines were used per patient-day. Most consumed medications were sterile water for injection, propofol, and sodium chlorure. The GHG emissions of medications were estimated with EIO-LCA at 21.5 kgCO2e per patient-day, mostly due to injectable medicines (15.3 kgCO2e per patient-day).Conclusion: Upcoming studies focusing on actions on these particular hot spots would be of interest in order to significantly decrease GHG emissions but also to increase resilience of critical care
Post-Market Study Evaluating Performance of the Rechargeable InterStim™ Micro System in Fecal Incontinence Patients
No full textInternational audienceIntroduction and hypothesis: To confirm the performance and safety of the rechargeable sacral neuromodulation system (InterStim™ Micro) through 2-year follow-up, we report results from the fecal incontinence (FI) cohort through 6-month follow-up.Methods: Eligible patients were enrolled following successful therapy evaluation and implant. Participants completed bowel diaries and questionnaires at baseline, 3, and 6 months post-implant. The primary objective was improvement in Cleveland Clinic Incontinence Score (CCIS) at 3 months post-implant compared to baseline. Safety was evaluated by collection of reportable adverse events (AE).Results: Of 53 patients implanted, 90.6% were female and the mean (± SD) age was 58 ± 11 years. There was a statistically significant improvement in CCIS at 3 months vs baseline, with a mean change of -4 ± 3.7 (p < 0.001, n = 52). This improvement was maintained at 6 months, with a mean change of -4.0 ± 3.58 (n = 52). The mean change in Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life (FIQoL) at 3 months was 3.2 ± 2.8 (n = 52) and 3.6 ± 2.9 (n = 53) at 6 months. On the Patient Global Impression of Improvement (PGI-I), 94% (n = 52) and 90.6% (n = 53) of participants reported their condition was better at 3- and 6-month follow-up compared to baseline, respectively. The incidence of device-, procedure-, or therapy-related AEs in enrolled participants was 18.9% (10/53); among these was one serious related AE. There were no unanticipated adverse device effects.Conclusions: The primary objective of the FI cohort was met, with statistically significant improvement in CCIS and patient-reported outcomes. These data confirm clinical performance and safety through 6 months post-implant.Clinical trial registration: NCT04506866
ESC Clinical Consensus Statement on Conduction System Pacing. With special contribution of the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) of the ESC and endorsed by the Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS), the Canadian Heart Rhythm Society (CHRS), the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS) and the Latin American Heart Rhythm Society (LAHRS)
No full textInternational audienceConduction system pacing (CSP) is being increasingly adopted as a more physiological alternative to right ventricular and biventricular pacing. Since the 2021 European Society of Cardiology pacing guidelines, there has been growing evidence that this therapy is safe and effective. Furthermore, left bundle branch area pacing was not covered in these guidelines due to limited evidence at that time. This Clinical Consensus Statement provides advice on indications for CSP, taking into account the significant evolution in this domain
Immunoglobulins G from Patients with Systemic Sclerosis Modify the Molecular Signatures of Endothelial Cells
No full textInternational audienceObjective: Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) are powerful biomarkers in systemic sclerosis (SSc). Functional antibodies (FA) might be implicated in vasculopathy, in which endothelial cells (EC) are key players. We aimed to explore the effect of purified IgG from patients with SSc on omics signatures of EC and examine the influence of ANA serotypes and FA.Methods: EC were cultured in the presence of purified IgG from patients with SSc, patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or healthy controls (HC). EC omics profiles were analysed by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and RNA sequencing. EC proteome induced by IgG from patients with SSc was confirmed with an external validation cohort.Results: In the derivation cohort, principal component analysis (PCA) using proteomics data showed three distinct groups of subjects: a first one including mostly anti-topoisomerase-I positive patients (ATA+), a second one including mostly anti-centromere positive patients and a third group comprising anti-RNA polymerase-III positive patients, SLE and HC. In transcriptomics, PCA distinguished one group composed of ATA+patients only from a second group mixing ATA+patients with other individuals. The validation cohort confirmed the existence of two groups of distinct EC proteome profiles and clinical severity in ATA+patients. In both SSc cohorts, no association between FA presence and proteomic profiles was observed. Quantitative proteomics measured the most discriminant proteins in EC exposed to purified IgG.Conclusion: Purified IgG from patients with SSc can modify EC proteome and transcriptome. The observed changes closely associate with ANA serotype