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Toward an interdisciplinarity approach to explore the local embedding of organic pig farming systems in France
No full textSession 52- Poster 19International audienceAlthough currently weak, the organic pig farming sector under Organic Farming (OF) specifications offers potential for development and for the agroecological transition of livestock farming systems in Europe. This project is based on the main barriers and levers identified in French pig production. It aims to promote a systemic approach to adding value in pork chain, and to consider the complementarities between animal and plant production at farm level, and between organic and non-organic farming sectors at regional level. The question addressed is how the local anchoring of organic pig farming contribute to the transition of local agri-food systems. The objectives of the project are to establish a method for analysing the role of organic pigs in localized food systems, integrating both the farm and regional levels and to test it in contrasted French territories. The project brings together researchers and academic staff with expertise in technical sciences as well as human and social sciences. Different dimensions will be emphasized, such as natural environments, interaction and cooperation between stakeholders, territorial resources, valorisation of products and coproducts and the link between animal and plant production for human nutrition. Three stages will be followed: (1) definition of conceptual and theoretical frameworks to build interdisciplinarity, (2) design and testing of the approach in three regions of France, and (3) synthesis and dissemination of the results. The approach will be communicated to students, stakeholders from both organic and non-organic sectors, policymakers and scientists
Resurrection of Eumorphia von Meyer, 1847 and some taxonomical considerations of other mecochirid lobsters (Crustacea, Decapoda, Mecochiridae)
No full textInternational audienceMecochirid lobsters (Glypheidea, Mecochiridae) are iconic decapod crustaceans from the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The composition of the family in terms of included genera strongly fluctuated during the twentieth century because of the lack of study of the type specimens, which are herein illustrated. On the basis of the type material of different species housed in German, French, British, and Romanian museums and universities, Eumorphia von Meyer, 1847 (type species Carcinium sociale von Meyer, 1841) is re-established as a valid mecochirid genus. Six species are considered, including the new species Eumorphia fabianmuelleri (Callovian, Germany), and the synonymization of Romaniacheiros Franţescu et al., 2018 with Eumorphia is proposed. The composition of the revised family Mecochiridae is discussed. UUID: http://zoobank.org/6a518009-c139-4ff6-8669-c9994a698cc
Semi-Lagrangian SAV method for Vlasov-Maxwell equations
No full textIn this work, a new numerical method to approximate the solution of the Vlasov-Maxwell equations is presented. The method uses a phase space discretization and its main properties are: energy and charge conservation thanks to a semi-implicit treatment of the Maxwell equations, but allowing for an explicit and efficient update of the unknown. One of the main ingredients lies in the introduction of an auxiliary scalar variable inspired from the Scalar Auxiliary Variable (SAV) approach [23] together with a suitable splitting inspired from [19] which enables the use of a semi-Lagrangian method
Les bienfaits des chiens d'assistance pour les enfants autistes et leur famille (Version Mira).
No full textFascicule de vulgarisation portant sur un projet de recherche.Au travers du récit fictif de Sacha, sa maman et Darwin, l'objectif de ce fascicule est de présenter de manière abordable le projet de recherche MECA_TSA et ses résultats. Cette recherche est l'aboutissement d'une collaboration étroite entre des chercheurs, la Fondation Mira, l'Association HANDI'CHIENS et des familles d'enfants autistes. ==> Pour bénéficier d'une version plus adaptée pour impression, vous pouvez contacter directement le Dr Nicolas Dollion à l'adresse suivante : [email protected]
Les bienfaits des chiens d'assistance pour les enfants autistes et leur famille.
No full textFascicule de vulgarisation sur les résultats d'un projet de recherche.Au travers du récit fictif de Sacha, sa maman et Darwin, l'objectif de ce fascicule est de présenter de manière abordable le projet de recherche MECA_TSA et ses résultats. Cette recherche est l'aboutissement d'une collaboration étroite entre des chercheurs, la Fondation Mira, l'Association HANDI'CHIENS et des familles d'enfants autistes. ==> Pour bénéficier d'une version plus adaptée pour impression, vous pouvez contacter directement le Dr Nicolas Dollion à l'adresse suivante : [email protected]
Climate change and variability impacts on agriculture
No full textWhile agriculture is crucial to feeding people, it is strongly impacted by climate change and variability, and also contributes to it. Agriculture and land use change are responsible for around ¼ of greenhouse gas emissions from human activities. Climate change already impacts the quantity, quality and geographic distribution of food production from agriculture. Projected impact shows that 10% and more than 30% of current food production areas will be unsuitable by 2050 and then 2100 respectively, under the high-emissions scenario SSP-8.5 (compared with less than 8% by 2100 under the scenario SSP1-2.6). The negative effects of climate change are expected for all crops (perennial and annual crops) and latest 21st-century projections using ensembles of crop and climate models suggest a significant impact on yields for several major producing regions before 2040. Impacts on the geographical distribution of food production will lead to an increase in the number of people threatened by hunger and will further increase pressure on the terrestrial ecosystem services (ES) that support global food systems. These intertwined interactions create a vicious circle, with agriculture contributing to climate change, which in turn puts pressure on the sustainability and productivity of agricultural systems. Faced with these crucial challenges, sustainable and resilient agricultural practices that explore innovative solutions to mitigate the environmental footprint of agrosystems while strengthening the capacity of agricultural systems to adapt to climate change are urgently needed.This broad ambition requires solving multiple challenges, one of which is the scale of design and implementation. Most research into climate change adaptation of agriculture is carried out at continental to global scale and considers abrupt adaptation, such as substituting a particular type of crop or shifting a crop to another region. However, landscape and land use can generate a high spatial variability of climate, which may increase or decrease the impact of climate change at local scales. And adaptation and mitigation strategies are generally applied at local scale by local authorities and farmers. The issue of mitigation is also crucial, as shifting to more productive areas under future climate conditions may be considered an effective strategy, but such adjustments will have a significant impact on mitigation efforts
Data-driven identification of functional network changes in Neurofeedback stroke rehabilitation: A clinical validation of network-based statistics
No full textInternational audienceFunctional connectivity (FC) analysis is crucial for understanding neuroplasticity in stroke rehabilitation. Neurofeedback (NF) training has shown promise in facilitating recovery, but its whole-brain effects remain poorly understood due to limitations in traditional FC analysis methods. Many studies rely on region-of-interest (ROI)-based approaches, which restrict analysis to predefined regions, or whole-brain mass univariate tests, which suffer from the multiple comparisons problem. In this study, we apply Network-Based Statistics (NBS), a graphtheoretic signal processing approach, to identify data-driven FC changes following NF-based stroke rehabilitation. Using fMRI data, we detected two significant network components: one within the somatomotor network, reflecting expected motor recovery processes, and another within the default mode network (DMN), highlighting broader neuroplasticity effects. Our findings validate NBS as a robust tool for unbiased, whole-brain connectivity analysis, offering new insights into the distributed impact of NF training in stroke rehabilitation
Energy-Efficient Dynamic Training and Inference for GNN-Based Network Modeling
No full textInternational audienceEfficient network modeling is essential for resource optimization and network planning in next-generation largescale complex networks. Traditional approaches, such as queuing theory-based modeling and packet-based simulators, can be inefficient due to the assumption made and the computational expense, respectively. To address these challenges, we propose an innovative energy-efficient dynamic orchestration of Graph Neural Networks (GNN) based model training and inference framework for context-aware network modeling and predictions. We have developed a low-complexity solution framework, QAG, that is a Quantum approximation optimization (QAO) algorithm for Adaptive orchestration of GNN-based network modeling. We leverage the tripartite graph model to represent a multiapplication system with many compute nodes. Thereafter, we apply the constrained graph-cutting using QAO to find the feasible energy-efficient configurations of the GNN-based model and deploying them on the available compute nodes to meet the network modeling application requirements. The proposed QAG scheme closely matches the optimum and offers atleast a 50% energy saving while meeting the application requirements with 60% lower churn-rate.</div
Near- and mid-infrared spectroscopy of isobutyronitrile and cyanopropyne: absorption cross-sections for quantitative detection in astrophysical objects
No full textInternational audienceAbsorption cross-sections at room temperature have been derived for two non-cyclic organic molecules cyanopropyne (CH3C3N) and isobutyronitrile (i-C3H7CN), and have been proposed for the 2024 update of the high-resolution transmission molecular absorption database (HITRAN). The gas phase infrared spectra of pure cyanopropyne and isobutyronitrile have been recorded at room temperature between 160 and 3500 cm-1 (3-60 mu m) using an infrared Fourier transform spectrometer. The spectral resolution has been chosen equal to 0.056 cm-1. For the 18-20 mu m spectral region an additional resolution equal to 0.01 cm-1 has been used. Among the various absorption bands observed, some of them, as the nu 10 band of cyanopropyne around 500 cm-1 (20 mu m), are particularly interesting for detecting and quantifying these molecules in astrophysical objects. As a first application, the retrieved absorption cross-sections have been used in a radiative transfer code to simulate observations of Titan's stratosphere acquired using the Texas Echelon Cross Echelle Spectrograph (TEXES at the Infrared Telescope Facility (IRTF, Mauna Kea Observatory). We discuss preliminary results and perspectives, among which estimated upper limits of 3 x 10-9 for cyanopropyne and 3 x 10-7for isobutyronitrile in Titan's stratosphere
La validation du Data Privacy Framework devant le juge de l'Union : vers une équivalence substantielle assouplie
No full textInternational audienceEn rejetant le recours Latombe, le Tribunal de l’Union européenne a confirmé la validité du Data Privacy Framework. Il a préféré juger au fond plutôt que de trancher la recevabilité, admettant la légalité d’un mécanisme de recours inédit et d’un encadrement assoupli de la surveillance américaine en vrac. Ce choix sécurise les transferts transatlantiques mais laisse ouvertes d’importantes interrogations sur l’effectivité des droits des personnes concernées et sur la portée de l’« équivalence substantielle »