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Changes to Suicide and Homicide Prevention Policies in Detention: Between the Reinforcement of the Panopticon and the Inverted Panopticon
No full textInternational audienceThe interpretation of Article 2 (the right to life (Article 2 ECHR)) by the European Court of Human Rights when defining member states’ liability for homicides and suicides of individual prisoners has been overlooked by both the criminological literature and the academic studies on human rights to date, so this chapter will analyse the developments in the ECtHR’s case law based on Article 2 related to such prevention in custody, prison, immigration detention centre and secure psychiatric hospitals (for migrants and mentally ill offenders under criminal law) and their paradoxical effects on the prevention policies enacted by national governments as a result of hostile judgments by the Court. It will be demonstrated that the jurisprudential philosophy to which the European Court of Human Rights refers is marked by a risk management approach and a narrow and synchronous conception of individual suicide attempts. Against this background, in the first section of this chapter we analyse the ‘pre-suicide (which exclusively focuses on identification of suicidal intent) and risk-based approach applied by European Court of Human Rights, which relies on individual risk calculation operated by national detention authorities to the detriment of environmental factors and an holistic approach to suicide. In the second section, we consider the tension in the jurisprudence of the ECtHR between the right to life of detainees and the right to life of potential victims of terrorism and serious crimes. In the third section we turn to the ECtHR’s jurisprudence on state’s liability and its individual risk-based approach that have been translated at a national level into death avoidance and coercive practices that infringe the dignity of detainees and may reinforce their determination to kill themselves. While punitiveness implies a deliberate intention to punish, many of the coercive practices related to suicide prevention could be perceived as being punitive by the prisoners concerned. This has not prevented the ECtHR’s jurisprudence from acting as the foundation for new oversight of places of detention, to which the families of at-risk detainees may contribute but without any real effects and limitations on coerciveness
Knowledge Management in Green Innovation Research: A Systematic Review, Synthesis, and Future Research Agenda
No full textInternational audienceThis article presents a systematic review of the literature on knowledge management (KM) in green innovation, aiming to address three guiding research questions: (1) How has green knowledge management (GKM) been conceptualized and distinguished from KM? (2) What role does KM play in green innovation research? (3) Which measurement instruments have been used to assess KM‐related constructs? On the basis of 58 studies indexed in the Web of Science (WoS), we propose an integrative definition of GKM that combines nature‐oriented, practice‐oriented, and outcome‐oriented conceptual perspectives. To synthesize the literature, we introduce the MICROM model—mediator, influential, component, result, object, and moderator—which categorizes the diverse roles of KM in green innovation. We also review the measurement instruments explicitly employed in 35 studies, providing a structured overview of operationalization. Finally, we identify key gaps and outline five avenues for future research to advance both the conceptual foundations and the empirical understanding of GKM
Franchise Branding in the Fast-Food Sector: Insights from the USA and France
No full textInternational audienceFranchisors have to not only promote their products and services to their end-customers, but also their business concepts and their franchise opportunities to franchisee candidates. In this paper, we seek to better understand the values and attributes of the system that franchisors communicate to potential franchisees and to determine whether this differs in different cultural contexts where franchisees may hold different values. The aim of this paper is therefore to (1) identify the key brand benefits that franchisors communicate to potential franchisees and (2) explore whether there are differences between franchise chains in different cultural contexts—in this case, the USA and France. Our empirical study is based on an examination of franchise recruitment advertising used by fast-food franchisors in franchise directories. Our sample includes 690 franchise chains operating in the fast-food industry, both in the USA (297 chains) and France (393 chains). Our findings show that, in both countries, franchisors try to emphasize the benefits of the business concept itself—through descriptions of their product offer and the restaurants’ atmosphere—as well as demonstrate the benefits of their franchise system. We further find differences in some of the key brand benefits communicated depending on the cultural context
ABS0296 ARTHRITIS FOLLOWING BCG INSTILLATION IN BLADDER CANCER: STILL REACTIVE OR AN IMMUNE-RELATED ADVERSE EFFECT A NATIONAL STUDY BASED ON THE FRENCH PHARMACOVIGILANCE DATABASE
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Masked superstrings as a compact, indexable, and dynamic representation of unconstrained k-mer sets
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Two and a half decades of United States wildfire burn zone disaster data, 2000-2025
No full textInternational audienceGrowing wildfire frequency and urban development expanding into fire-prone areas have heightened wildfire risk for wildland-urban interface (WUI) communities. When burn zones come near or cross into communities, the heat, flames, and smoke can harm human health-directly or via psychosocial stressors-to the point of becoming a disaster. We harmonized six wildfire datasets to create the first U.S.-wide spatial dataset of wildfire burn zone disasters. Our criteria for a wildfire burn zone disaster were wildfires that burned near a community (≥96 people per km2 or met WUI criterion) and resulted in ≥1 civilian fatality, ≥1 destroyed structure, or received federal disaster declaration. We identified 6,212 U.S. wildfire burn zone disasters between 2000-2025. The annual number of these disasters ranged between 61 in 2001 and 570 in 2011 (median = 217), with an increasing trend over the study period. California had the highest number of wildfire burn zone disasters (n = 878, 14.1%). These data may inform demographic, economic, and population health research, as well as policymaking and resource allocation
Broadband Dielectric Resonator Antenna Design via Characteristic Modes Analysis,
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L’addiction au chemsex : une perspective lacanienne sur la sexuation masculine
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Planification des ressources tenant compte de la qualité de service pour les réseaux IAB
No full textInternational audienceIn the evolving landscape of Fifth-generation (5G) and beyond, Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) networks have emerged as a promising solution to extend coverage and enhance capacity without additional wired infrastructure. However, the dynamic allocation of radio resources on the shared access-backhaul spectrum in IAB networks presents challenges, particularly in meeting the diverse Quality of Service (QoS) requirements of today's services such as voice, video, and data. This paper introduces a heuristic-based, QoS-aware downlink scheduler specifically designed for radio resource scheduling in IAB networks. The proposed scheduler aims to enhance users' satisfaction by meeting users' delay requirements. We evaluate its performance using discrete-event simulations, demonstrating that our scheduler ensure the best Packet Delay Outage Ratio (PDOR) and the highest percentage of satisfied users compared to other tested schedulers.Dans le paysage en pleine évolution de la cinquième génération (5G) et au-delà, les réseaux d'accès et de liaison intégrés (IAB) sont apparus comme une solution prometteuse pour étendre la couverture et améliorer la capacité sans infrastructure câblée supplémentaire. Cependant, l'attribution dynamique des ressources radio sur le spectre d'accès-liaison partagé dans les réseaux IAB présente des défis, notamment pour répondre aux diverses exigences de qualité de service (QoS) des services actuels tels que la voix, la vidéo et les données. Cet article présente un planificateur de liaison descendante heuristique et sensible à la QoS, spécialement conçu pour la planification des ressources radio dans les réseaux IAB. Le planificateur proposé vise à améliorer la satisfaction des utilisateurs en répondant à leurs exigences en matière de délai. Nous évaluons ses performances à l'aide de simulations à événements discrets, démontrant que notre planificateur garantit le meilleur taux de défaillance par retard de paquet (PDOR) et le pourcentage le plus élevé d'utilisateurs satisfaits par rapport aux autres planificateurs testés