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Analytical study of receivers performances for 100 Gbit/s OOK IM/DD fiber access link
No full textInternational audienceThis paper presents an analytical comparison of three receiver architectures (PIN, APD, SOA-PIN) for 100 Gbit/s IM/DD fiber access links, under high optical budget constraints. Our results and the experimental results reported in the literature show that standalone PIN receivers cannot meet the required sensitivity for future PONs. GeSi APDs are promising thanks to their low avalanche noise and CMOS compatibility. However, the bandwidth of currently available GeSi APDs is still limited and needs to be further increased. SOA-PIN receivers, already mature and integrable, can achieve the target sensitivity but with limited power margin. Additional power margin can be achieved through proper design and engineering of the SOA-PIN. The effects of the noise figure, spontaneous emission factor and thermal noise are examined. The importance of low-noise SOAs and appropriate optical filtering is also discussed. Finally, trade-offs between sensitivity, bandwidth, integration and cost are addressed, along with design recommendations for next-generation access networks
Severity of complications is associated with impaired health‐related quality of life in people with type 1 diabetes
No full textInternational audienceAims Health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) assessment is increasingly integrated into type 1 diabetes (T1D) monitoring to promote a holistic approach. To investigate HRQoL in adults with T1D and to assess the impact of the severity of complications on HRQoL. Materials and Methods This is a cross‐sectional analysis of baseline characteristics of adults living with T1D included in Société Francophone du Diabète – Cohorte Diabète de Type 1 (SFDT1), a French longitudinal cohort study. HRQoL was assessed using generic (EuroQol 5‐Dimensions 5‐Level questionnaire [EQ‐5D‐5L]) and diabetes‐specific (Audit of Diabetes‐Dependent Quality of Life) instruments. The severity of diabetes complications was measured using an adapted Diabetes Complication Score Index (DCSI) ranging from 0 to 14. We used multiple imputations to deal with missing data. Results We included 1892 adults, 48% women, with a median (interquartile range [IQR]) age of 38 (28; 51) years. The mean overall EQ‐5D‐5L HRQoL score was 71.1 ± 17.7 (maximum 100), with the following number of participants negatively impacted for each domain: 271 (14%) for mobility, 94 (5%) for self‐care, 378 (19%) for usual activities, 853 (45%) for pain/discomfort and 983 (52%) for anxiety/depression. The median (IQR) DCSI was 1 (0; 2). In multivariable models, a one‐step increase in DCSI was associated with a 1.5% decrease in overall EQ‐5D‐5L HRQoL. DCSI was also inversely associated with all domains of the generic scale except anxiety/depression and 17 domains of the diabetes‐specific scale. Conclusions We observed an inverse association between the severity of complications and overall HRQoL and most of its dimensions. Our results highlight the need to reinforce the prevention of complications to improve the overall well‐being of people with T1D
Synergistic In and Ga Co-filling with Sb substitution in Co<sub>4</sub>Sb<sub>12</sub> skutterudites: A beneficial compositing effect for high power factor
No full textInternational audienceWe report a rare-earth-free multi-filling strategy to enhance the thermoelectric performance of Co4Sb12 skutterudites. Co-filling with In and Ga, along with partial Sb for Te substitution induces beneficial compositing effect, refines grain size, and tunes filler's solubility. An optimal In:Ga ratio, achieved in In0.3Ga0.1Co4Sb11.8Te0.2, maximizes dodecahedral site occupancy and yields a high power factor (≈ 40 μWcm-1 K-2) in the 300-600
Untangling GPU Power Consumption: Job-Level Inference in Cloud Shared Settings
No full textInternational audienceAs the demand for AI-driven workloads increases, the energy consumption of Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) devices has come under intense scrutiny, particularly in hyperscale data centers where large numbers of accelerators are centralized and leased to diverse clients.In the context of cloud hyperscalers, GPUs power monitoring presents several challenges that vary depending on the product offered. The monitoring capabilities of physical devices may be limited or even absent for some products. However, given the substantial energy demands of GPUs, power monitoring is essential for both cloud providers and clients. Operators require tools to manage power distribution effectively, such as balancing workloads across Power Distribution Units (PDUs), while clients need visibility into power usage to optimize their workloads for energy efficiency.To address these challenges, we propose methods for estimating the energy consumption of jobs running on GPU devices in cloud environments, spanning from shared and managed offerings like ML-as-a-Service (MLaaS) to less managed products (e.g., Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS)). Our models demonstrate the benefits of sharing GPUs for small AI workloads, as well as the current sub-optimal utilization of GPUs in cloud hyperscalers, based on insights from an IaaS GPU cluster
A digital twin integrating multi-objective optimization to support fryer operators in managing potato crisps production
No full textInternational audienceThe production of potato crisps currently relies on the expertise of human operators, known as fryers, whose training is long and demanding. With the decline in fryer vocations and the increase in consumer quality expectations, it is now essential to develop decision-support tools to make fryer work easier and better control product quality. This study proposes a digital twin (DT) approach that incorporates multi-objective optimization to assist fryers in managing their crisp production line. Data from crisp production is collected and used to model key crisp physicochemical indicators (Fat content, Moisture content, and Lightness) using a Machine Learning approach, specifically the Random Forest method. Then, a multi-objective optimization is carried out using the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) algorithm, which identifies optimal adjustments to enhance the three crisp physicochemical indicators. The optimization is tested on 2 batches of potatoes as inputs. The algorithm generates a set of optimal solutions, from which a final solution is selected using the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) multi-criteria decision-making method. This solution provides practical recommendations for adjusting production parameters according to a given potato batch quality. The results show that physicochemical parameters of the crisps are similar after optimization, regardless of the quality the potato batch. Variation in potato batch quality is compensated by appropriate adjustments of the crisp manufacturing process parameters ensuring consistent and optimal production. In conclusion, this digital twin, integrating multi-objective optimization, proves to be a valuable tool for improving fryer decision-making and optimizing production line management
Gaston Baty, historien du théâtre ou comment légitimer la mise en scène en écrivant une autre histoire du théâtre
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The Greeks among the natives: Culture, ritual, and craftmanship in non-colonial spaces of the Southern Italy Iron Age
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Réguler sans contraindre : l’État et les médecins face aux déserts médicaux
No full textInternational audienceDès les années 2000, la démographie des médecins généralistes commence à inquiéter les pouvoirs publics, la population et la profession médicale elle-même. Pour lutter contre les déserts médicaux, les politiques privilégient des mesures incitatives, refusant de toucher à la liberté d'installation et d'organisation des médecins.La plus emblématique d'entre elles est la création des maisons de santé pluriprofessionnelles (MSP), en 2007, qui rassemblent des professionnels médicaux et paramédicaux. Ceux-ci s’engagent auprès de l’assurance maladie et de l’administration sanitaire à appliquer de nouvelles règles en matière d’accès aux soins et de coordination, mais aussi à développer des activités de santé publique. Adoubées par l’État, les MSP sont considérées comme attractives par les jeunes médecins généralistes qui, sans y être contraints, acceptent désormais d’exercer sous contrat.À travers une étude menée à l’échelle nationale et dans six MSP, Anne Moyal montre que, si les médecins généralistes ont réussi à s’approprier ce modèle et à préserver jusqu’à présent leur autonomie, les maisons de santé contribuent à un encadrement progressif de leur activité. Cette enquête révèle ainsi les profondes transformations de la médecine générale en France
Synthesis and applications of alkenyl chlorides (vinyl chlorides): a review
No full textInternational audienceAlkenyl chlorides constitute a synthetically valuable yet historically underexplored class of organohalides. First prepared in 1868 by Charles Friedel - best known for the Friedel-Crafts reaction - via the reaction of ketones with phosphorus pentachloride, these compounds have steadily gained attention over the decades. In recent years, their distinct reactivity and potential in organic synthesis have been increasingly recognized. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the synthesis and application of alkenyl chlorides, with a focus on developments over the past four decades. By organizing this growing body of work, I aim to highlight key advances and help guide the design of new transformations involving this important and versatile functional group