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Facilitación participativa del Plan Estratégico del Bosque Modelo Caçador, Santa Catarina, Brasil
No full textTesis (Mag. Sc. en Práctica de Conservación de la Biodiversidad) -- CATIE. Escuela de Posgrado. Turrialba (Costa Rica), 2014El presente documento muestra el proceso de facilitación de la elaboración del primer Plan Estratégico del Bosque Modelo Caçador, ubicado en el municipio de Caçador, Santa Catarina, Brasil, a través de 4 talleres participativos, 20 entrevistas, observación y 2 días de campo. Con esta metodología se buscó promover participación de los actores más representativos del territorio, realizar un diagnóstico territorial del municipio e identificar los principales vacíos de los proyectos socio-ambientales, con el fin de definir con mayor
claridad el ámbito de acción y los objetivos del Bosque Modelo. Un Bosque Modelo es una plataforma de gestión territorial intersectorial que contribuye al objetivo de desarrollo sostenible. El Bosque Modelo Caçador, luego de aprobado por la Red Iberoamericana de Bosques Modelo en 2013, tenía la tarea de formalizar su estructura organizacional y definir de manera participativa objetivos y actividades en un Plan Estratégico. Este trabajo constituye un aporte al establecimiento y desarrollo del Bosque Modelo, que busca impulsar la continuidad del proceso y de su aporte a otras estrategias de
conservación. Es resultado de una construcción colectiva y de la percepción sobre la situación actual y expectativas futuras del municipio. Dada las características locales identificadas durante el proceso, las líneas de acción definidas en el Plan Estratégico fueron: el uso y conservación del Bosque Ombrófilo Mixto, la valorización de la identidad local, el uso y onservación de los recursos hídricos y la promoción y difusión del Bosque Modelo Caçador. Se notó, de acuerdo a los resultados, que la poca colaboración interinstitucional y pocos trabajos en red en la región son retos para la promoción de plataformas participativas. La facilitación fue esencial para el avance del proceso y de iniciativas de gestión innovadoras, además de un proceso amplio de divulgación y difusión y de la creación de una identidad y estructura organizacional lo menos burocrática posible
An analysis of the weather and climate conditions related to the 2012 epidemic of coffee rust in Guatemala. Technical report
No full text93 páginasGuatemalan weather conditions in 2012 displayed considerable variations from the climatological data, as was the case for the larger Central American picture. A key finding from our research is that in general the minimum daily temperatures were higher than the corresponding climatology while the maximum temperatures were lower. As a result, the daily diurnal temperature range was generally lower than the corresponding climatological range, leading to an increased number of days where the temperatures fell within the optimal range for coffee rust development during the dry season, or for the development of lesions on the coffee leaves during the wet season. The coffee rust latency period was probably shortened as a result, and farms at high altitudes were impacted due to these increases in mínimum temperature. A seasonal analysis of temperature accumulation at farm locations found a direct correlation between temperature accumulation and rust severity.
Overall, compared with the climatology, there was less rainfall than usual in Guatemala during the 2012 wet season. Additionally, at a number of case study farms with high rust severity, there were differences observed in the rainfall pattern during the year. There was a period of heavy rainfall between mid March and mid April, in contrast with the climatology, and before the usual start of the rainy season. During the 2012 dry season, there was a weak La Niña signal, followed by a weak El Niño signal during the wet season, which could explain the observed anomalies from the climatology. There was also a shift in the timing of the mid rainy season drought period to earlier in the season. Despite there being a general pattern of lower rainfall during the wet season when compared with the climatology, a number of the five day precipitation periods included very high rainfall events when compared with the climatology. The wet season came to an earlier end tan usual in Guatemala
Protecting our lands and forests: the importance of good logging contracts : Tool II
No full text75 página
Governance scenarios for addressing water conflicts and climate change impacts
No full textScenarios that portray alternative governance regimes may help support positive change in
regions that face persistent water problems. Here, we explore this proposition using the case
of Guanacaste, Costa Rica – a region that faces water conflicts and climate change impacts.
We developed five alternative scenarios using a formative and participatory approach with
system, consistency, and diversity analyses, and visualization. In one scenario, water
conflicts surfaced due to opaque governance not accounting for communities that opposed
suspect alliances of agencies and developers. In another, challenging contexts overwhelmed
fragmented governance causing dissent; which contrasted with another scenario
where engaged and vertically accountable governance schemes fit the unique dry tropical
regional context and collectively mitigate problems. Governance though, in a return to
historical precedent, could alternatively function through top-down schemes to safeguard
rural lifestyles; or, operate minimalist schemes that fill only technical roles. The scenario
building process facilitated diverse stakeholders to collaboratively explore and articulate
alternative water governance schemes. The practical value of the scenarios, however, we
found to depend on efforts before and after the study and the successful integration of the
scenarios with those efforts. Previous water governance research in the region facilitated
partnerships, trust, and active participation in the scenario building process. Timely followup
demonstrated the real-time application of the scenarios as reference points to help craft
strategies that aim to transition current governance toward sustainable alternatives. Governance
scenarios, if integrated with a broader transformational planning process, can be a
constructive step toward articulating and implementing sustainable water governance
schemes. In Guanacaste they helped revitalize coordination and encouraged experimentation
through new water governance efforts in the region
Estudo comparativo sobre a produtividade de ecosistemas tropicais sob diferentes sistemas de trabalho
No full textLa Biblioteca tiene también ed. en P
Dimensions, volumes and growth of Cordia alliodora in agroforestry systems
No full textPublicado también en Forest Ecology and Management v. 18(2) p. 113-126, disponible en la Biblioteca.In Central America, combinations of the timber tree laurel (Cordia alliodora (R & P) Oken) with coffee (Coffea arabica L.), cacao (Teobroma cacao L.) or pastures, are amongst the best examples of traditional agroforestry. Growth data, taken annually for 5-8 years in twelve permanent agroforestry sample plots, together with annual ring counts of basal discs and stem volume measurements of felled C. alliodora, were analyzed to determine whether the factors of site and associated crop affect laurel growth rates as well as the following relationships: (D) diameter at breast height/total height (H) D-age (A). These two factors had no influence on the D-H relationship. The permanent plot measurements indicated that D growth rates increased in the order: pasture sugar cane (Saccharum cvs L.) coffee caco but the ring growth analysis did not detect any significant differences. On average, predicted growth rates are 3 cm/year to age 5,2 cm/year between ages 5 and 10, and a D of 55 cm after 34 years, which was calculated to be the optimal biological rotation. The real commercial volume (VCR) obtained by farmers is only 64 per cent of the total overbark stem volume (V), but if silviculture were improved the VCR could be considerable increased. A predictive equation for V is presented as well as the average form factors for V (0.425) and VCR (0.272). Considering the average C. alliodora densities reported in this study (68-290 trees/ha), a 34-year rotation would give a V of 298-690 m3/ha and a VCR of 191-442 m3/ha
Evaluación visual de ríos y quebradas adaptado a Talamanca: conociendo la salud de los ríos "cuencas pequeñas 10Km2"
No full textIlus.Los ríos o quebradas son el hogar de muchos animales. Un río en buen estado puede adoptar muchas formas vivientes y además sirve como un lugar agradable para los seres humanos. Para saber si un río está en buen estado tenemos que fijarnos en las características que pueda tener. Ésta es una manera de evaluar un río pequeño o quebrada aplicando altos puntajes (9.6 a 10) para ríos o quebradas que tienen condiciones sanas y bajos puntajes (2.2 a 1) para ríos o quebradas en mal estado. Cada cuadro describe un aspecto del río o quebrada y tiene un rango de posibles condiciones presentes
