Asian Pacific Journal of Health Sciences
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Familial Risk and Dowry Demand: Are they Causal Factors for Physical and Psychological Violence among Women? A Structural Equation Modeling
Get PDFBackground: In India, studies dealt with domestic violence have used linear or logistic regression to present risk factors. These methods do not allow studying the impact of intermediate variables on the path which could exert indirect or mediation effects on the outcome. This study investigated the direct and indirect effects of familial risk and dowry demand on physical and psychological violence through the mediating variables: alcohol use, women characteristics and social support. Study design: A population-based, cross-sectional household survey was conducted at seven sites in six states across India, based on 9938 women. Methods: Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Structural equation models were used to investigate the associations of familial risk, dowry demand and mediating variable use with physical and psychological violence. Models were assessed using goodness of fit statistics. Results: The direct and indirect relationship between familial risk and physical violence with regression coefficient was 0.323 and 0.100 respectively. Similarly, for psychological violence was 0.151 and 0.371 respectively. The dowry demand had indirect effect (0.209) on psychological violence through the mediating variables such as alcohol use, women characteristics, social support and physical violence as compared to direct effects (0.112). The model fit statistics had a moderately good fit with RMSEA=0.09, Chi square with p<0.001 and CFI 0.87. Conclusion: Despite the fact that the women were exposed to abuse during childhood period the mediating variables such as social support, women characteristics and Husbands alcohol use etc., have a significant role to play to contain the both physical and psychological violence
An Effect of Amplification on Hearing Ability, Cognition, and Depression among Middle and Late Adulthood
Get PDFBackground: Age-related hearing loss in middle adulthood (MA) and late adulthood (LA) is a highly prevalent health condition. It will negatively impact on an individual’s cognitive, social, and psychological functions. An effect of amplification on hearing ability, cognition, and depression among MA and LA are sparse. Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate an effect of amplification on hearing ability, cognition, and depression among middle and LA. Methods: A cohort study where 18 MA and 20 LA with hearing impairment aged 50–75 years was selected. Pure tone audiometry, Mini Mental State Examination, and geriatric depression scale were assessed pre and post 6 weeks of amplification. Parameters such as hearing thresholds, cognitive score, and depression level were measured. The statistical tests were used for analyzing the parameters within and across groups. Results: The result shows a significant difference (P < 0.05) with respect to hearing thresholds and cognitive scores within both the groups. A significant difference (P < 0.05) was observed in right ear between both the groups. No significant difference (P > 0.05) was noted in the level of depression between both the groups. Conclusion: An evident difference in the hearing thresholds and cognitive scores were noted with respect to amplification in both the groups. Thus, it can be concluded that the amplification has a significant impact on an individual’s quality of life. It should be considered as an important factor during the management of hearing impairment among middle and late-adulthood
Role of Kataka-Khadiradi Ghanavati Ayurvedic Formulation in the Management of Diabetic Retinopathy
Get PDFIntroduction: Metabolic disorders are considerable health issues due to their association with morbidities and mortalities. Diabetes is one of the metabolic disorders associated with every systemic morbidity. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of such morbidity which is vision-threatening and the whole world is looking for a solution. In contemporary science, there are management techniques which are applicable when DR is completely manifested. Objectives: The objective of this study was to review existing pharmaco-analytical reports on Katakakhadiradi Kashaya (KKK) and Ghanavati and its contents, animal studies and clinical trials of management of diabetes, and its complications through the KKK and Ghanavati (KKG). Design: The literature research comprised an electronic database from January 2000 to February 4, 2023. The study included MEDLINE, PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, AYUSH Research Portal, and DHARA database. Search terms were used “KKK”, “DR”, “Katakakhadiradi Ghanavati”, and “Antioxidants.” No limits were used. The search strategy was adapted for each database as necessary. Pharmaco-analytical reports and animal studies were included in the current review. The study applied inclusion criteria while screening the records. Intervention: Phytochemical constituents and their effect on DR. Outcome measures: Number and results of studies identified in the review. Results: The integrative approach could open new hope for patients of DR and is a need of time
Understanding the Pharmacodynamics of Kriyakalpa
Get PDFPharmacodynamics is the study of a drug’s molecular, biochemical, and physiologic effects. In short, it is all about how a drug affects an organism. There are some important factors that play an important role in the absorption of drugs in the body, like the route of drug administration, solubility and bioavailability, physical state of the drug and molecular weight, Time of absorption, and Vascularity of the absorbing surface. In Ayurveda, the local treatment procedures of Netra are explained in the name of Netra Kriya Kalpa (Su. U. 18/2). The word kriya means therapeutic action, and kalpana means specific formulations. Kriya Kalpa is a Bahirparimarjana Chikitsa and has several advantages over oral administration. They are noninvasive and cost-effective. No biodegradation of Drugs, Effective against blood aqueous and blood-retinal barriers, Comparatively, less dose is required, and it can be used as a preventive as well as a curative. Overall, we can say that Kriyakalp Procedures have several advantages as compared to oral administration
Development and Validation of RP-HPLC for Estimation of Brexpiprazole in Bulk Drugs
Get PDFA simple, rapid, accurate, and sensitive method was developed for quantitative analysis of Brexpiprazole in bulk dosage form using reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection. The chromatography separation was achieved on Kromasil -C18, (250 mm × 4.6 mm i.d., 5 μm particle size), at column temperature 25°C ± 2, in the isocratic mobile phase mode using acetonitrile 5% ortho-phosphoric acid: water (60:40 v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The determination was performed using waters HPLC with UV detector set at 216 nm. Samples were prepared with diluent methanol, and the volume injected was 20 μL. The retention time for brexpiprazole was 3.89 min. The analytical curve was linear (r2=0.99994) over a wide concentration range (0.51–7.50 μg/mL). The presence of components of the bulk did not interfere in the results of the analysis. The method showed adequate precision with a relative standard deviation <2%
Is There a Link between the 2021 COVID-19 Vaccination Uptake in Europe and 2022 Excess All-Cause Mortality?
Get PDFPurpose: We primarily study a possible link between 2021 COVID-19 vaccination uptake in Europe and monthly 2022 excess all-cause mortality, that is, mortality higher than before the pandemic. Methods and Results: Analyses of 31 countries weighted by population size show that all-cause mortality during the first 9 months of 2022 increased more the higher the 2021 vaccination uptake; a one percentage point increase in 2021 vaccination uptake was associated with a monthly mortality increase in 2022 by 0.105% (95% CI, 0.075–0.134). When controlling for alternative explanations, the association remained robust, and we discuss the result emphasizing causality as well as potential ecological fallacy. Furthermore, the study shows that 2021 all-cause mortality was lower the higher the vaccination uptake, but this association became non-significant when controlling for alternative explanations. Conclusion: Despite a possible preventive effect in 2021, we cannot rule out that COVID-19 vaccination uptake in Europe has led to increasing 2022 all-cause mortality between January and September
Conceptual Analysis of Marma Related to Shalakya Tantra - A Review and its Anatomical Significance
Get PDFBackground: Ayurveda the ancient a science of life deals with all aspects of human life in a complex way. The knowledge of the Marmas or vital parts is explained in the Sharira Sthana chapter in the three major texts (Samhita) such as Charaka, Sushruta, and Vagbhata. All Acharyas emphasized on the Marmas but Acharya Sushruta has described them in detail. Marma vigyana is one of Ayurveda’s unique theories wherein there is direct stimulation of Prana at Marma Stana. The body’s Urdhvajatrugata Bhaga with respect to Shalakya Tantra has numerous Marma, which is crucial anatomical places located above the clavicle since damage to this area could be fatal to the body and its sensory organs. Methods: The data for this study were gathered from classical Ayurvedic texts, publications of research work, and review articles from indexed journals. Results: Systematic review revealed thorough understanding of anatomical basis of Marmas related to Shalakya Tantra and its potential applications in clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic fields. Conclusion: Based on this literature review, it can be concluded that knowledge of regional anatomy allows better understanding of lesions with Marma since Shalakya Marmas can prove to be fatal if not dealt with utmost care
Hypoglycemic Encephalopathy – A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Get PDFGlucose is an essential carbohydrate for brain function. Even a short-lasted acute drop in its levels can result in cerebral dysfunction and even death. Early treatment of and decreasing duration of hypoglycemia episodes increases life expectancy and improves the level of consciousness. Furthermore, pharmacological symptoms’ management should be continued for at least 2 weeks after hospital admission aiming to preserve the integrity of brain function and the wider well-being of patients
Constructive Teaching Methods for Shalya Tantra - A Descriptive Review from Primeval to Current Practice
Get PDFIntroduction: Teaching and learning are two sides of a coin that must go hand in hand. The educational plans should be planned in such a way which could boost not only the conceptual understanding but also be able to develop practical skills and knowledge of the students. Various teaching modalities have been evolved with time but no literature is found with respect to Shalya tantra. The father of Surgery, Acharya sushruta also gave a special emphasis on teaching methods which are still pertinent with current practice. Methods: In this article, we are presenting a descriptive review from primeval time to the current practice of teaching methods especially for the fraternity of the Ayurvedic surgical branch. The work is compiled after extensively reviewing literature of both classical and contemporary literature as well as published works in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Results: No standardized data have been published so far in reference to effective teaching methods particularly for Shalya tantra scholars and the fundamentals of quality learning are disregarded. Discussion and Conclusion: The best teaching method is the one which arouses the student’s interest and in relation to surgical branch, theoretical knowledge is just the base whereas hand-to-hand surgical training must be mandatorily followed to impart the best of skills
Assessment of Variation in Nutrient Intake and Health Status of Women Due to COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-sectional Study
Get PDFBackground: The economic position of a family has been influenced by Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak which ultimately affects the nutritional status of women. The COVID-19 pandemic acts as a hurdle to obtain a balanced diet required to maintain the good health of women. The present study aims to understand the deterioration of the nutritional status of women by evaluating the changes in dietary patterns of women due to the COVID-19 pandemic and measuring the body mass index (BMI) of women. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 315 non-pregnant women of reproductive age (18–49 years) at TB Hospital of Nagaur, Rajasthan, India. The nutritional status of women was evaluated by assessment of variation in nutrient intake due to the COVID-19 pandemic along with measuring the BMI of enrolled women. The study was conducted from January 01, 2021, to June 15, 2021. Results: The mean age of participants was 31.82 years (SD, 8.97). The family income of 20% of participants has been decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic. The frequency of intake of green vegetables and fruits was decreased in approximately 30% (P < 0.001) women, while the intake of meat, fish, and egg has increased in all non-vegetarian participants. The BMI of 65% of women has been falling in normal, 26% in overweight, 4.4% in underweight, and 4.1% in obese category. Conclusion: The current women’s BMI and change in dietary intake indicate that the nutritional status of women has been deteriorating comparatively, which further leaves an impact on the coming generation also. It opens up a scope of research at other deprived places in our country