Asian Pacific Journal of Health Sciences
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Biosynthesis of Silver and Copper Nanoparticles Using Cadaba fruticosa (l.) Druce and its Biological Applications
Get PDFThe current study has been designed to synthesis silver nanoparticles (SNPs) and Copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) using leaf aqueous extracts of Cadaba fruticosa an endangered medicinal plant as bioreducing agents. This method authorized the synthesis of SNPs, which was authenticated by Ultraviolet (UV)-visible Spectrophotometry, Fourier-transform infrared analysis, X-ray Diffraction (XRD) studies, Energy Dispersive X-ray, and Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) analysis. UV-visible spectra and visual observation exhibited the appearance of greenish brown and dark brown color indicates the synthesis of SNP and CuNP, after the treatment of Ag precursors. Further the, XRD report clearly shows that the synthesized SNPs were crystalline in nature. In addition, SEM analysis confirmed that AgNO3 solution produced SNPs and CuO2 solution produced CuNPs and their size was about 120–168 nm and 301–538 nm in SNPs and CuNPs, respectively. The leaf SNPs and CuNPs of C. fruticosa leaf aqueous extracts considerable antioxidant activities. The results antimicrobial activity exhibited that the bacterial and fungal growth was inhibited by both the samples in a dose-dependent manner
A Meta-Analysis – Aerobic and Resistance Exercises Intervention Affect on Blood Glucose Level among Type 2 Diabetes Patients
Get PDFContext: Exercise is an effective strategy and support to have favorable for glucose control in type 2 diabetes patients. Furthermore, aerobic and resistance exercises examined aerobic, resistance, and combine form exercise blood glucose control among type 2 diabetes patients although, gender of male and female had divergence age range from 20 to 88 years description and cointervention of diet added additional support to result. Objective: The meta-analysis examined that above 8 weeks exercises intervention (aerobic, resistance, and combine form exercise) and its impact on hemoglobin A1c (Hba1c) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) control among type 2 diabetes patients. Data Sources: In the Web of Science searched full texted journal papers were taken about 179 and Pub Med database provided 58 full text journal papers, and its above 1990 years research papers search term used by phrases, truncation, and Boolean operator. Study Selection: The selected studies that evaluated the varied exercise regimen impact >8 weeks duration in type 2 diabetes patients. Twenty-four randomized controlled studies included total participants sample size of 1578 post-intervention exercise and control group. Included studies cointervention of drugs excluded. Data Extraction: Two reviewers extract the data baseline and post-intervention, then mean and standard deviation for exercise and control groups. Included study characteristics table, practice of exercise protocols and evaluate the methodological quality and potential bias. Results: Overall Hba1c variable data were taken on type 2 diabetes patients totally 1505 participants included in 22 studies post-values on exercises and control groups overall effect size reduced Hba1c favors exercise group would significant difference value P = 0.00001 and standardized mean difference SMD= −0.40% (−11.5 mg/dl), 95% Confidence interval (CI) (−0.54, −0.27) random effect model, heterogeneity observed (I2=23%) no significant value P = 0.16. Effect size reduced FBG which would exercise favors significant difference value P = 0.0001 and SMD= −0.41% (−11.8 mg/dl), 95% CI (−0.59, −0.24) random effect model, heterogeneity observed (I2=53%) significant value P = 0.002. Conclusion: This meta-analysis evidence supported varied exercise regimen and its impact on Hba1c and FBG level concern designed that overall significant impact on intervention such as aerobic, resistance, and combine form exercise (aerobic and resistance exercise) among type 2 diabetes patients. Although, combined exercise had highly better effective strategy results than aerobic or resistance alone, duration >8 weeks, exercise frequency 3 or 5 days/week and combined exercise followed aerobic consecutively and then resistance exercises
Effects of Various Phytochemical Fractions of Mundulea sericea on Free Radical Scavenging and Inhibition of Inflammatory Agents
Get PDFAntioxident and antiinflammatory activities of Mundulea sericea (Willd.) A. Chev. is a medicinally important species belong to the family Fabaceae. This species contains various phytocompounds of entire parts which act as antimicrobial activity, anti-inflammatory activity, anticancer activity, antidiabetic activity, etc. Hence, the present study was aimed to analysis of phytochemical constitutes through Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) analysis by six various solvent extracts of hexane (MSBH), petroleum ether (MSBPE), chloroform (MSBC), ethyl acetate (MSBEA), ethanol (MSBE), and methanol (MSBM). The result of phytochemical analysis reported that the MSBE and MSBM extracts are contain more phytochemical constitutes than other extracts. In FTIR and GCMS study, MSBE and MSBM extracts are reported various phytochemical constitutes and out that many bioactive compounds are present of these extracts. Further, MSBE extract was subjected antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. In antioxidant activity, four different type assays such as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate radical scavenging, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate), hydrogen peroxide, and nitric oxide (NO) were used. Among this antioxidant study, NO was reported 74.63 inhibition percentage of free radical than other assays. In anti-inflammatory activity, albumin denaturation and human red blood cell membrane stabilization assay were performed by MSBE extract which result reported that the MSBE extract has good anti-inflammatory activity with more than 60% inhibition capacity on both assays. From this study, M. sericea bark extracts contain highly therapeutic phytocompounds which compounds possess good antioxidant and inflammatory activities
Development and Evaluation of Carminative Herbal Chewable Tablets Based on Turmeric, Fennel Seed, and Mango Ginger
Get PDFThe present study aimed at the formulation of carminative herbal chewable tablets using herbal constituents. Curcuma longa (turmeric), Foeniculum vulgare (fennel), and Curcuma amada (mango ginger) are the most celebrated herbs in Indian system of traditional medicine. In the present research work, oral chewable tablets were prepared by direct compression and wet granulation method incorporating these three herbs. In both the methods, the powder of turmeric, fennel seed, and ginger mango was prepared initially and it was mixed with additives and preservatives. Physicochemical analysis of the individual drugs, pre-formulation studies, and post-formulation standardization was done to evaluate the quality and purity of the conformation. In the pre-formulation study, it was observed that all the parameters checked for the ingredients were within standard range. Thus, the ingredients were processed for preparing tablets following IP. During the evaluation of tablets, it was found that all the prepared batches of tablets were within the standard range of chewable tablet parameters. Thus, considering these values and following the IP, we found that the chewable tablet that was prepared without altering its therapeutic property was satisfactory with general characteristics of tablet, namely, hardness, disintegration time, friability, and weight variation. The formulation was tested for common people with respect to taste; odor and time required for complete chewing and showed that it can be accepted for the present trends of newer drug delivery dosage forms. The present study provides an approach to come up with a modern outlook to traditional folklore formulations without altering its therapeutic property which is highly essential in industrial applications and to meet consumer preferences and demands. Therefore, it is concluded that the developed chewable tablets may be better alternative to the conventional uses of the herbs
Design, Development, Formulation, and Evaluation of Gastro retentive Floating Tablet for Anti-diabetic Agent
Get PDFThe main aim of the research was to persist the gastric residence time of vildagliptin by designing its gastro-retentive tablet as well as to study the effect of different polymers on its release rate using 23 randomized full factorial designs. Tablets are manufactured by direct compression method. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose was used as matrixing agent, M.C.C., and Na2Co3 were used. The manufactured tablets assessed for physicochemical parameters such as weight variety, hardness, friability, floating properties (total floating time and floating lag time), in vitro drug release, and drug content, and stability study. The drug- polymer interaction was studied by differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). On the basis of preliminary batches, the PF3 batch giving more drug release so that the PF3 batch is used for DoE process. Formulation F7 had been selected as an optimum formulation as it displayed more comparison in dissolution profile with theoretical profile which is 99.89 ± 0.49%. The dissolution of batch F7 can be described by zero order kinetics (R2 = 0.954), First order- R2 = 0.87, Higuchi R2 = 0.989, and Peppa’s R2 = 0.99. Also studied X-ray Photographic Studies in Rabbits and showed tablet was float more than 8 h in gastric region of the Albino rabbits. It could be concluded from this study that the prepared Gastro-retentive tablet could reduce the frequency of dosage, dose related side effects, and increase the bioavailability
Effect of ultrasound irradiation on some Biophysical Parameters of Human Blood (in vitro)
Get PDFUltrasound is commonly employed in clinical practice as a part of physical therapy. In this study, an attempt has been made to investigate the effect of ultrasound irradiation on some Biophysical Parameters (pH, Conductivity, and Refractive index) of human blood. Blood samples of volume 5 ml were collected from the donors each time an experiment was performed. Blood was then transferred to heparin anticoagulant tubes. The human blood samples were divided into two parts, that is, control sample and sample for irradiation. The human blood sample was irradiated using an ultrasonic interferometer of 3MHz frequency for a duration of 1 h in an identical and controlled environment. The biophysical parameter was determined and compared with that of the control sample. Variations were observed in the values of pH, conductivity, and refractive index of ultrasonically irradiated human blood sample compared with that of the control sample. This study gives us an idea regarding the effect of ultrasound on some of the most important biophysical parameters of human blood. Further, the results obtained in the present study can be utilized in the future for the work on the biological effects of ultrasound and interpret the in vivo effects
A Study on the Impact of Health Warnings on Tobacco Products for Tobacco Cessation
Get PDFIntroduction: Tobacco is a well-known etiological agent in the causation of oral cancer but at the same time, it is freely available to the general population. Although government has framed several rules and regulations including adding health warning on packages in the form of text and pictographs which are among the most direct and prominent means of communicating with smokers, still the results of tobacco cessation by these methods remain uncertain. Aim and Methodology: The aim of the study was to investigate the awareness of people toward pictographs on tobacco products. A close ended questionnaire comprising of ten questions was framed and distributed among 800 people. The results were analyzed in the form of charts and graphs. Results: About 97.5% of people actively participated in the study. Pictorial health warnings seem to be significantly more effective than text warnings. Old aged people (43%) seemed to be more aware than the young generation (18%). Conclusion: Although several warning signs including text and pictographs have been added on the tobacco products, making these signs bold and impact full and adding other methods mostly focused on youth should be added as a part of the campaign
Role of ENHERTU in Management of Breast Cancer
Get PDFBeing a lady is the most significant hazard factor for creating breast cancer. Men too can get it however in uncommon and rare conditions. Several risk factors can in danger the lives of breast cancer patients. Over the years the treatment of breast cancer was dependent upon chemotherapy, radiation, hormone therapy, and surgery which of course is still being done as a way of reducing the effects and controlling its spread to other parts of the body. As this disease is incurable several drugs have been developed over time to reduce the effects and spread of it. In this article, we are focused on a newly developed drug known as ENHERTU to be used in treating breast cancer. Few methods are used in the detection of breast cancer to determine its treatment. As a result, a total number of 234 patients were treated with the newly developed drug under the clinical trials to study the workings and effectiveness of the drug. In conclusion, the results of the drug proved to be positive to treat breast cancer before its approval by the Food and Drug Administration
Organic Food Products - A Study on Perception of Women Consumers
Get PDFThe demand for organic food has been rapidly increasing worldwide, because of an improvement in the awareness of environmental problems and health concerns. Although the demand for organic food is increasing, the popularity of organic food is not widespread and the perception of organic food varies in the wide public. This study aimed to understand rural areas consumers’ perception of organic food and the importance of organic certification in customer’s decisions for obtaining insights into their consumption of organic food. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey. However, for the present study, the researcher selected retail shops from various stores such as small shop and department store in rural areas. The more consumers are interested in trust and are confident with the claimed benefits, the more likely will they purchase organic food. In addition, organic labels and certification turned out to be important for the consumers when shopping organic food. This research was the first study to investigate the consumers perception of organic food in a rural area. It is also observed that health, nutrition, taste, and chemical/fertilizer free nature are the attributes that have an influence on the purchase decision of organic food products by rural consumers. “Health benefits” were the first and primary reason for purchasing organic food, while “high price” was the key deterrent to purchasing organic food
A System Theory Approach in Management of Community Health Centers (Mid-Level Health Organizations) in India
Get PDFHealth-care delivery in India has been developed at three levels specifically, primary, secondary, and tertiary. The secondary level of health-care basically includes Community Health Centers (CHCs), constituting the First Referral Units. The health-care system is that the organization (e.g. hospital, clinic, and nursing home) that has infrastructure and completely different complementary resources to support the work and development of care teams and microsystems. In open system theory, each system and its subsystems adapt to internal and external demands and feedback. Demands external to the health-care organization cover environmental factors (e.g., labor market, legislation, and population characteristics). Health-care organizations try to use a system that is functioning in response to feedback and informational signals to counteract lacuna. The application of system theory at mid-level will enhance the further managerial promptness at this level. In this paper, we described system theory as the process of identifying the systems of health-care delivery at the CHC level and subsystems with in CHCs and its interactions with environment and other systems