Asian Pacific Journal of Health Sciences
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A Review in Prediction of Malnutrition Status Using Data Mining Techniques
Get PDFChild nutritional deficiency comes under various facts such as malnutrition, low birth weight, infant and young child feeding, iodine, and Vitamin deficiency. In recent years, malnutrition is a widespread problem at a global level. This research produces a review of data mining techniques is used to predict the malnutrition status of young children. The root cause of child malnutrition varies across the regions in every country because of various impacts such as lifestyle, food intake, environmental changes, maternal care, and also motherhood care. Most of the research, the results predict the malnutrition status using some anthropometric parameters of preschool age from 5 to under10 age of children and clinical sign parameters are considered to predict the best accuracy. Recently, data mining uses the proposed method of clustering, classification techniques, Regression, and machine learning algorithms to predict the malnutrition status with the highest accuracy using anthropometric parameters (height, weight, and age) for stunted (low height-for-age) and wasted (low weight-for-height), underweight (low weight-for-age) and clinical sign attributes to predict the statuses of malnutrition with and without transformed attributes
Qualitative and Quantitative Phytochemical Analysis in leaf Extracts of Various Clones of Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser
Get PDFAs sources of natural products, medicinal plants bear a great interest for researchers in recent decades and this interest has increased considerably in finding naturally occurring phytochemicals. Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser is an important member of indigenous medicinal flora and used traditionally for the prevention of numerous diseases. The aim of the present work was focused to investigate and compare the phytochemical screening such as primary and secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, quinones, sterols, phenols, anthocyanin, proteins, carbohydrates, amino acid, terpenoids, steroids, glycosides, and quantification (total phenolics, tannin, and flavonoids) which were done. Phytochemical screening was done for selected 11 N. cadamba clones with different organic solvents (petroleum ether, ethanol, and hot water). The collected leaf samples were processed. Maximum number of nine secondary metabolites was obtained in the Clone No C.S, 13, 15, 42, 43, 60, 80, and 105. Rest of the clones have eight secondary metabolites. The maximum amount of total phenolic (200.7 mg Gallic Acid Equivalents [GAE]/g extract), tannin (196.26 mg GAE/g extract), and flavonoid contents (195.36 mg QE/g extract) were observed in Clone No 60. Hence, leaves of N. cadamba can be considered as a potential source of modern phytochemicals of medicinal importance for further studies
Formulation Development, Optimization, and Characterization of Cilnidipine-Loaded Self-microemulsifying Drug Delivery System
Get PDFCilnidipine, a 2, 4-dihydropyridine antihypertensive, is poorly bioavailable and belongs to Biopharmaceutical Classification System Class II. The present study was carried out to develop and evaluate a cilnidipine-loaded self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) using food grade oil for enhanced pharmacokinetic parameters. The SMEDDS was prepared by low-energy method. A pseudo-ternary phase diagram was developed using triacetin, Tween 20, and Transcutol HP as oil, surfactants, and cosurfactants, respectively. The statistically optimized formulation was obtained and was evaluated for relevant in vitro characterizations. Globule size, zeta potential, and polydispersity index (PDI) of the optimized formulation were found to be 9.045 nm, −2.32 mv and 0.203, respectively, indicating stable and uniformly distributed microemulsion nature of the formulation. Developed SMEDDS of viscosity 31 cps was found to be clear in 500 times dilution in water and phosphate buffer pH 1.2. Selection of the optimized SMEDDS was followed by various formulation characteristics, including goat intestinal membrane permeability. The in vitro dissolution study of optimized SMEDDS exhibited much better result as compared to the marketed tablet of cilnidipine
Clinical Efficacy of Amroid Tablet and Amroid Ointment in the Management of Arsha (Hemorrhoids) - A Single-Arm Open-Label Clinical Trial
Get PDFArsha is very common anorectal disease presents with bleeding per rectum, pain in ano, peri anal inflammation, and itching per ano. In modern system, hemorrhoids is defined as abnormal engorgement of vascular anal cushions. Incidence of hemorrhoids increases day-by-day due to poor food habits and lifestyle. There are many medical and surgical methods available for hemorrhoids but now-a-days demand of Ayurvedic herbal preparation is increasing in the society. An open labeled single arm prospective trail were conduct to evaluate the efficacy of Amroid tablet and ointment in cases of Arsha, that is, hemorrhoids. Total 144 patients of 1st, 2nd, 3rd degree hemorrhoids were treated with two tablets of Amroid orally thrice a day and Amroid ointment applied locally at per rectal before and after defecation for 4 weeks and patients were follow for 8 weeks. Highly significant (P < 0.0001) results were found in Ano-rectal pain, inflammation, bleeding per ano, itching per ano, constipation, prolapsed of piles even after treatment of 1 week, and it sustained throughout follow-up of 8 weeks. This clinical trial concluded that Amroid tablet and Amroid ointment have been potential to cure hemorrhoid up to third degree
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Based Metabolite Profiling and In Silico Activity Prediction of Phytoconstituents in Phoenix dactylifera L. Leaves Extracts of Kachchh Region
Get PDFPhoenix dactylifera L. commonly known as date palm is one of the major flora grown in the Kachchh region. Date palm is dioecious plant, that is, it owns separate male and female trees. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), high-performance liquid chromatography, high-performance thin layer chromatography, and infrared red spectroscopy are some widely utilized sophisticated analytical techniques for the identification of bioactive phytoconstituents in medicinal plants. The present study aims to identify phytoconstituents present in ethyl acetate extract of male and female date palm leaves using GC-MS. These identified bioactive phytoconstituents were subjected toin silico useful biological activity prediction using pass online server. The study concluded that both male and female extracts were enriched phytochemicals possessing diverse valuable biological activity such as antihypercholestrolemic, anticancer, antineopolastic, lipid metabolism regulator, hepatoprotectant, and apoptosis antagonist
Effectiveness of Individual Nutritional Counseling in Improving Biochemical Indices and Nutrition Knowledge of Chronic Kidney Disease Patients
Get PDFAim: The aim of the present study was to assess the impact of nutritional counseling on biochemical parameters and nutrition knowledge of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 70 CKD patients, stages 3 and 4, between 25 and 80 years of age. The baseline data were collected from Fortis Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, using interview schedule, which included information on demographic profile, anthropometric measurements, biochemical parameters, medical history, and dietary pattern of the patients. The nutritional counseling was conducted in two phases, the first phase included counseling that was imparted to patients on the basis of their biochemical parameters, followed by monitoring for 4 weeks. Thereafter, second phase counseling, based on results obtained from the first phase, was imparted. The data were once again collected and analyzed after a period of 12 weeks. Results and Conclusion: Hypertensive nephropathy was the most common cause of CKD, followed by diabetes mellitus and glomerulonephritis. Anthropometric measurements showed little change in mean body mass index of the patients, post counseling, however, nonsignificant. On the other hand, a significant decrease was observed in serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, serum potassium, and serum phosphorus levels. Nutritional counseling exhibited a strong positive impact on nutrition knowledge of CKD patients
Novel Piperazine Derivatives as Anti Microbial Agents: A Comprehensive Review
Get PDFOver the past decade, there has been an increased development of resistance in organisms that are typical pathogenic in humans. This increased resistance has limited the selection of antimicrobials that may be used to treat specific organisms. Therefore, there is demanding to develop novel classes of drugs, with fewer side effects, and shorter lengths of treatment are key in continuing the fight against infectious disease. In the search of newer antimicrobial agents, various heterocyclic compounds have been examined and out of them, Piperazine derivatives have exhibited diverse biological activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, antitubercular, anticancer, antiviral, and antioxidant activities. In this work, we provide a summary of the recent advances of Piperazine derivatives exhibits anti-microbial activity and significant information of piperazine derivatives which may assist in the drug design and development of potent antimicrobial agents
Mycetoma of the Head and Neck: A Re-appraisal
Get PDFA neglected tropical disease, declared by the WHO in 2016, mycetoma, is a chronic granulomatous, mutilating and debilitating disease. Apart from affecting the lower limbs, it also affects the cervico-facial region, chest and abdomen. In the cervico-facial region, mycetoma of the paranasal sinuses, scalp, ear, and tongue have atypical presentation. Sinus mycetoma can be sequelae to allergic fungal sinusitis due to the raised intracranial pressure effects of mycotoxins whereas mycetoma of the scalp may present without discharging granules. Neglect of fungal sinusitis, chronic pain in the scalp can be detrimental in the long run. In the oral cavity, minor trauma and bad oral hygiene can contribute to mycetoma of the tongue or oral cavity, the latter being rare. Dental surgeons can also help in the early detection of mycetoma of the oral cavity and para-nasal sinuses, during dental examination. This article aims to review mycetoma of the cervico-facial region with the objective of addressing ways for early diagnosis
Development and Validation of the Patient Information Leaflet for Pregnant Women
Get PDFObjective: The objective of the study is to prepare, validate and analyze the user understanding of the pictogram-based leaflet. Methods: The patient information leaflet (PIL) was prepared by referring to national and international guidelines. It was reviewed by an expert committee for content and layout. The readability of the PIL was assessed using the Flesch readability ease (FRE) score and Flesch Kincaid Grade Level score (FK-GL), while the layout was validated using Baker Able leaflet design (BALD) criteria. In addition, a pre and post-test study of user-testing and user-opinion methods were employed to validate both English and Kannada versions of PIL. Results: The FRE, FKGL, and BALD score of the final version of the prepared leaflet was found to be 70.5, 5.8, and 31, respectively. The user testing scores of PIL were improved from pre-test score of 62.5 ± 9.26 to post-test score of 88.5 ± 6.99 with P < 0.0001. The overall patient education materials assessment tool for printable materials score assigned by study participants was found to be good 32 (80.32%) and average 8 (20%). Conclusion: This study showed that the use of well-developed and validated leaflet as an effective educational tool for patient education may have a positive impact on knowledge and attitude of pregnant women toward the antenatal care for better pregnancy outcomes
Nutritional Status of Vegetable Cultivators of West Bengal, India
Get PDFBackground: West Bengal is a major producer of fresh vegetables in India. Despite that the farmers belongs to the low socio-economic group and thus their food insecurity exists, necessitating assessment of their nutritional status. Methods: Based on their activity level, a descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the nutritional status of 333 vegetable cultivators of North 24 Parganas district comprising of both males and females. Using 24-hr dietary recall questionnaire, the daily nutritional intake were evaluated to estimate nutritional insufficiency, including that of vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin and vitamin C, iron, zinc, calcium and magnesium. The collected data were statistically analyzed using mean, standard deviation and t-test using SPSS (version 22). Result and Conclusion: Deficiency of micronutrients is common among the vegetable cultivators, along with excess intake of energy which create imbalance in the nutrient intake irrespective of gender and activity levels