International Journal of Agricultural Research, Innovation and Technology (IJARIT)
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Effect of harvesting stage and storage condition on post-harvest quality and sensory acceptability of mango fruit in Gamo Zone, Southern Ethiopia
Full text linkThe effect of harvesting stages (mature green, half-ripe and full ripe) and storage conditions (zero energy cool chamber, wooden box and underground storage) on post-harvest quality and sensory acceptability of mango fruit was evaluated. Three harvesting stages of mango fruit were harvested and 10 kg of mango fruit was stored in three storage conditions until the end of the storage period. Spoilage and weight loss of mango fruit were recorded from storage in three-day intervals. All samples were analyzed for Post-harvest quality of mango fruit before and after storage at Arba Minch University, Abaya Campus Chemistry laboratory, and sensory acceptability was evaluated by using untrained 45 panelists at the end of the storage period. Completely Randomized Design in factorial arrangement with three replications was used to evaluate the shelf life and postharvest quality of mango fruit. Weight loss, spoilage, firmness and total soluble solids of mango fruit were increased while vitamin C, moisture content and titratable acidity were decreased with increased storage time. The vitamin C content of mango fruit was highest at half ripe in a zero energy cool chamber and was lowest at full ripe harvested in a wooden box after the end of the storage period. The highest overall acceptability of mango fruit was observed at the half-ripe harvested stage in zero energy cool chambers while the lowest was observed at the mature green harvested stage mango fruit in a wooden box after the end of the storage period. Based on the current study, half ripen mango fruit in zero energy cool chamber storage recorded the least percent of weight loss, spoilage amount, maximum shelf life and quality, especially vitamin C content and higher overall acceptability. Further study will be needed on the microbial quality of mango fruit in different harvesting stages and storage conditions during storage periods.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 12(2): 82-87, December 202
Health benefits of Moringa oleifera: Used as an anti-diabetic agent
Full text linkThe medicinal plant, Moringa oleifera is frequently used in conventional healthcare to treat various conditions, including diabetes. The scientific evidence regarding M. oleifera\u27s anti-diabetic characteristics and its potential as a supplemental treatment for diabetes control are examined in this review study. Studies have shown that M. oleifera has potent anti-diabetic properties, lowering blood sugar levels, enhancing insulin sensitivity, and decreasing complications from the disease. These benefits are thought to be caused by the plant\u27s bioactive chemicals, such as flavonoids and polyphenols, which boost insulin secretion, prevent intestinal glucose absorption, and lessen oxidative stress. It has also been demonstrated that M. oleifera positively affects lipid metabolism, reducing overall cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL cholesterol levels while raising HDL cholesterol levels. Additionally, it has been demonstrated that the plant possesses anti-inflammatory and antioxidant qualities that may strengthen its anti-diabetic benefits by lowering inflammation and oxidative stress, which are connected to the onset and progression of diabetes. People with diabetes may benefit from the potential anti-diabetic qualities of M. oleifera. Additional study is required to ascertain the ideal dose, duration, and safety of employing M. oleifera as an anti-diabetic medication. As a result, M. oleifera needs to be utilized as supplemental therapy under the guidance of a medical expert.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 13(1): 96-102, June 202
Postharvest spoilage pathogen associated with turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) product in Southwestern Ethiopia
Full text linkThe primary reason for postharvest deterioration, which is primarily brought on by fungal invasion, is the loss of turmeric products in Southwestern Ethiopia. The study was conducted to determine the main fungi responsible for the postharvest deterioration of turmeric in major turmeric-growing areas of southwestern Ethiopia. In total, 60 samples of dried and stored turmeric were gathered in 2020 and 2021 from different production zones of southwestern Ethiopia. The fungus that causes postharvest turmeric to deteriorate was isolated and identified at the genus level. At the study locations, rhizomes were not cleaned, washed, sorted, or separated from healthy rhizomes. The spoiled turmeric samples contain fungi from four genera: Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium, and Rhizopus. Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Fusarium were isolated from drying and storage samples in all zones. However, Rhizopus was only isolated from samples that had been stored. It was discovered that Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Fusarium were primarily responsible for the observed deterioration. The identified genera\u27s percentage incidence ranged from 15.1% (Fusarium) to 45.2% (Aspergillus). Proper harvesting, postharvest handling procedures, and adopting suitable turmeric harvesting and postharvest handling technology can help decrease turmeric postharvest degradation.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 13(1): 1-5, June 202
Evaluation of nutritional, anti-nutritional and mineral content of amaranths species grown in Gamo and Konso zone, Southern Ethiopia
Full text linkAmaranth (Amaranthus sp.) is an underutilized pseudo-cereal with excellent nutritional and functional properties. The nutritional compositions, anti-nutritional and mineral content of two Amaranth species were evaluated by using standard procedures. Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used for nutritional, anti-nutritional and mineral content with two treatments and five replications. The nutritional compositions of Amaranthus cruentus and Amaranthus hypochondriacus were shown a significant difference (p<0.05) in mean scores excepting moisture content. Phytate and oxalate content of A. cruentus and A. hypochondriacus were shown a significant difference (p<0.05), but tannin content did not show a significant difference (p<0.05). The calcium, iron and zinc content of A. cruentus and A. hypochondriacus were shown a significant difference (p<0.05) in mean, scores. The Amaranth grain species were rich in crude protein, fat and fiber as compared to common cereal grains (maize, sorghum, rice, teff and wheat). A. cruentus and A. hypochondriacus can contribute minerals such as calcium, iron and zinc, which are very important for human nutrition. The results of the current study indicate that A. cruentus and A. hypochondriacus can provide better nutritional values and mineral content with a minimum value of anti-nutrients that are very important to minimize binds and block the absorption of certain minerals, such as iron, zinc and calcium. Using A. cruentus and A. hypochondriacus alone and with other cereals should be encouraged and recommended for consumption to increase the nutritional composition of diets and decrease food security problem in a study areas.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 12(2): 36-40, December 202
Adaptation of recently released improved orange flesh sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) varieties in Southwestern Ethiopia
Full text linkMost sweet potato varieties currently grown by farmers are poorly adapted, have low root yields, less nutritive and white fleshed which have no beta carotene, a precursor to vitamin “A”. However, among the cheapest and richest sources of vitamin A; orange fleshed sweet potato varieties were rich in beta carotene are well accepted by young children. Hence the aim of this research project was conducted to evaluate the adaptability and performance of improved orange-fleshed sweet potato varieties on yield and other yield related traits during the 2020 main cropping season in southwest Ethiopia. The varieties used were Tulla, Kulfo, Guntutie, Vita, Kabode, Alamura and Dilla. The experiment was carried out using a randomized block design with three replications. The analysis of variance over locations depicted significant differences (p ≤0.05) among varieties for most of the studied traits. In this study, Alamura (31.42 t ha-1) and Dilla (27.8 t ha-1) varieties give a high yield among seven evaluated orange-fleshed sweet potato varieties. Based on farmer test preference, the first and second rank of test preference was recorded from Alamura and Dilla variety. Therefore, by considering both farmer’s test preference and the yield potential of the variety, Alamura and Dilla were selected as high yields and have the best test preference. Therefore, to fill the gap vitamin “A” deficiency at the community level Alamura and Dilla were selected as the best orange fleshed variety that has the best test preference with the highest yield in the humid tropics of Southwestern Ethiopia and these two varieties were recommended for production. Finally, since the result of this finding was based on data gathered from two locations and only one cropping season to test adaptability. So, one more additional season evaluation is necessary and also further studies are required to generate more reliable information on performance, nutrition and resistance to disease.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 12(2): 111-116, December 202
Preliminary study on yam cultivation at Jashore: A case study
Full text linkA preliminary study was conducted to estimate cost and return analysis on yam cultivation at Gaidghat of Bagharpara upazila of Jashore from February to March 2021. The average yam cultivation area was 0.12 ha in the study area. Different types of yam were cultivated in the study area, which had excellent local names, such as LalJhupi, KaloJhupi, Gorai, Lalteer, Altapat, Munshi, etc. Yam seed was shown from April to May and harvested from December to March. Most of the farmers planted yam seeds in rows where plant to plant distance was 1.5-2.5 feet and line to line distance was 2-3 feet. Average number of plants per hectare was 17023 nos., and the seed required 851 kg ha-1. The total cost of yam production was Tk. 1,23,060 ha-1, where the variable cost was Tk. 69,579 ha-1 (56.54%) and fixed cost were Tk. 53,481 ha-1 (43.46%). Yield of yam tuber was 44.98 ton ha-1, and seed yam was 2.05 ton ha-1. Gross return was Tk. 1,75,097 ha-1, gross margin was Tk. 1,05,518 ha-1 and the net return was Tk. 52,037 ha-1. The benefit cost ratio was 2.52, which means it\u27s a profitable crop. Some disease organisms like fungi, viruses, and mites affect yam.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 13(1): 72-76, June 202
Evaluation of compost with chemical fertilizers for Irish potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production in Debub Ari Woreda, Southern Ethiopia
Full text linkSoil fertility reduction is the main problem for sustainable crop production and productivity in southern parts of Ethiopia. Integrated soil fertility management is the best choice to improve soil fertility constraints using accessible organic and chemical fertilizers. The aim of the experiment was to examine the effect of organic and chemical fertilizers on crop yield and soil fertility improvement. This experiment was conducted from 2017 to 2018 in Debub Ari district, southwestern Ethiopia. The treatments contain Control (no fertilizers), Recommended NP (69/30), 250 kg NPSB + 161 kg ha-1 Urea, 10 t ha-1 compost, and 5 t ha-1 compost + 125 kg NPSB + 80 kg Urea top dress. Potato variety ‘Belete’ became used for the experiment and was planted early in the ‘Belg’ season. The treatments were arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications. Soil sample was randomly collected before treatment application with a depth of (0-20cm) and composited into one kg of a sample. The analysis results of the initial soil sample revealed that it was sandy clay in texture, moderately acidic, low in total N, OC, CEC, and very low in available P. The analysis of variances showed significant differences among the treatments on potato tuber yield when compared to untreated plots. Potato tuber yield is increased by 32, 22, and 35% of sole use of inorganic fertilizer, compost alone, and 50% of compost + 50% of NPSB treatment, respectively, than control. The maximum tuber yield 18.7 t ha-1 was obtained from treatment 5 t ha-1 compost + 125 kg NPSB + 80 kg Urea top dress, whereas the minimum tuber yields 13.85 t ha-1 were obtained by untreated plot (without any fertilizer application). Farmers in the study area can use by selecting either recommended NP (69 N and 30 P) ha-1 or 5t + 125 kg NPSB + 80 kg urea ha-1 depending on the accessibility of labor, composting material, and cash to purchase an adequate amount of fertilizers.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 13(1): 77-82, June 202
To what extent can local-led innovation platforms tackle complex agricultural development challenges? Insights from Madagascar
No full textInternational audiencePurposeTo investigate the emergence and specificities of local-led innovation platforms (IPs) in Madagascar and contrast them with neighbouring research-led IPs.Design/methodology/approachWe developed a multi-disciplinary framework combining insights from the literature on IP, innovation support services, and innovative networks. Using an exploratory multiple case study approach, we used this framework to analyse eight IPs in Madagascar.Findings(i) local-led IPs are problem oriented, (ii) there is a gap between the stated objectives of the IPs and their activities, (iii) their significant shortcomings result from weak or lacking inter-organisational management practices.Practical ImplicationsWe propose concrete avenues for strengthening local-led IPs by building their capacity to innovate at the individual, organisational and network levels.Theoretical ImplicationsWe contribute to refining IP assessment methods with an operational framework based on a small subset of variables, focusing on activities, shortcomings, and inter-organisational management practices. We also call for further research into innovation network capacities.Originality/ValueOur study sheds light on less documented local-led IPs. From a critical point of view, it shows that, despite the interest they attract among donors, local-led IPs suffer from specific weaknesses and require substantial support, especially when they operate in weak enabling environments
Genetic variability, genetic advance and heritability of black and brown seeded soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] lines in Jimma and Bonga Southwest Ethiopia
Full text linkAn experiment was conducted with a simple lattice design with two replications to estimate the genetic variability in 62 soybean genotypes and 2 standard check varieties. The variability parameters such as mean, range of variation, genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation, heritability in the broad sense, genetic advance, and genetic advance as percentage of mean were estimated for 11 different traits. The values of the phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) were greater than the genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all the traits, revealing the influence of environmental factors. The value of heritability was determined to be high for the traits such as grain yield, harvest index, number of seeds per pod, number of primary branches per plant, number of pods per plant and hundred seed weight. Indicating that the larger portion of total variation would be under genetic control and selection based on phenotypic levels would be useful for the improvement of these traits in soybean. High estimates of heritability together with high genetic advance as percentage of mean were recorded for grain yield, harvest index, number of seeds per pod, number of primary branches per plant, number of pods per plant and hundred seed weight, which may be attributed to the presence of additive gene action and had high selective value. Thus, selection pressure could successfully be applied to these traits for soybean improvement programs.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 12(2): 14-17, December 202
Physicochemical quality of cauliflower as influenced by cling film wrapping during storage
Full text linkCompact, medium size, white to creamy cauliflower curds were packed into different packaging techniques like i. without packaging (control); ii. packed in low density polyethylene (LDPE) bag with 1% perforation; iii. wrapped with polyethylene (PE) cling film and iv. newspaper (locally used). Half of each treatment was kept at (6±1°C and 50±5% RH) and the other half was kept at ambient conditions (25±3°C and 60±5% RH). LDPE bag or PE cling film has a great effect to retain firmness and reduce weight loss of cauliflower in both storage conditions. Respiration rate, rot incidence and changes of colour values (lightness and hue angle) was reduced significantly for the cauliflowers packed in LDPE bag or wrapped with PE cling film stored in a refrigerator than that of control (without packaging) and all packaging techniques stored at ambient condition throughout the storage period. Initially, acidity, TSS and ascorbic acid content were 0.26%, 4.7° Brix and 58.7 mg 100g-1, respectively. Ascorbic acid content was reduced severely in the cauliflower stored in ambient conditions than that stored in a refrigerator. Cauliflower wrapped with PE cling film and packed in an LDPE bag (1% perforation) stored in a refrigerator (6±1°C and 50±5% RH) could retain white colour, good sensory quality, firm and fresh curds with minimum loss in weight, texture and disease incidence up to 18 days and 16 days, respectively.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 12(2): 155-163, December 202