International Journal of Agricultural Research, Innovation and Technology (IJARIT)
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PRÉCIPITATION DU CARBONATE DE MANGANÈSE EN VUE D’UNE CALCINATION VISANT L’OBTENTION DU DIOXYDE DE MANGANÈSE AU DÉPART D’UNE SOLUTION POST-DÉCOBALTAGE
No full textInternational audiencePrecipitation was carried out to obtain manganese carbonate by adding a precipitating agent, sodium carbonate (NaCO3). This was followed by calcination of the manganese carbonate (MnCO3) to obtain manganese dioxide (MnO2). For precipitation tests, a pH ranging from 8 to 10, a time of one to two hours, and a temperature of 25˚C and 50˚C are the parameters that are considered. The calcination of MnCO3 is carried out under the following conditions: time (1, 2, 3, and 4 hours) and temperature (370˚C, 420˚C, and 470˚C). It should be noted that the temperature range selected for the calcination tests is based on thermodynamic data obtained using the HSC CHEMISTRY software. The results obtained show an effective recovery of manganese at 25˚C, in one hour, with a pH of 8.5 with a precipitation yield and manganese content in the precipitate around 98.43% and 24.21%, respectively. During calcination tests, results show an increase in mass loss, for a constant calcination time, as temperature increases. On the other hand, increasing the calcination time at a given temperature causes an increase in mass loss. However, a significant decrease in mass loss is noted at 3 hours of calcination. The highest mass loss is obtained at a temperature of 470˚C after 4 hours of calcination
« Les Amoureux du livre au XIXe siècle » (Marine Le Bail, L’Amour des livres la plume à la main. Écrivains bibliophiles du XIXe siècle, Rennes, PUR, 2021, 978-2-7535-8099-2, 378 p.) dans Acta fabula, volume 23, numéro 2, février 2022.
No full text« Du champignon atomique au nuage de mots » (Andréas Pfersmann, La Littérature irradiée. Les essais nucléaires en Polynésie française au prisme de l’écriture, Marseille, La courte échelle.éditions transit, 2021, 978-2-917270-28-8, 88 p.) dans Acta fabula, volume 23, numéro 1, janvier 2022.
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Assessing hazard and potential impact associated with volcanic ballistic projectiles: The example of La Soufrière de Guadeloupe volcano (Lesser Antilles)
No full textInternational audienceThe fallout of ballistic blocks and bombs ejected from eruptive vents has the potential to produce severe injuries to people and damage to infrastructure in areas proximal to volcanoes. The dimensions and dispersions of ballistic ejecta from explosive eruptions are pivotal parameters to forecast the potential impact associated with future eruptions based on the compilation of probabilistic hazard maps. In this study, we propose a new probabilistic hazard quantification strategy to provide the probability of Volcanic Ballistic Projectiles (VBPs) to exceed some critical kinetic energy thresholds, considering a variability on the site of the eruptive vents and the effect of wind. La Soufrière de Guadeloupe (Lesser Antilles) is chosen as a test case, focussing on the most likely explosive scenario associated with the eruption of an active lava dome (including phreatic, Vulcanian and Strombolian eruptions). Sensitivity analyses have guided the optimization of input parameters to balance the results stability and computational costs, showing that the topography is a pivotal factor when accounting for the spatial uncertainty on vent locations in the proximity of the dome area. Given an eruption within the adopted scenario, we provide maps showing the probability to exceed different energy reference thresholds for roof's perforation if at least one VBP falls in a target area. These maps are then combined with exposed elements to produce a qualitative exposure-based risk map. We compute the overall probability, conditional on the selected scenario, for roof perforation in a given area when a VBP is ejected. Results show probabilities varying from ca. 2% up to 40% within a few km from the volcano, quickly dropping away from the dome. However, when the probability to exceed the energy reference threshold is only conditional on falling of VBPs in a target area, most of Basse-Terre island would be affected by the 20-60% probability of roof perforation. This work confirms how the choice of a probabilistic approach is key to estimate the likelihood of occurrence of VBPs impacts as a first step towards the development and implementation of pro-active risk reduction strategies in volcanic areas
Earthquake ruptures and topography of the Chilean margin controlled by plate interface deformation
No full textInternational audienceAbstract. What controls the location and segmentation of mega-earthquakes in subduction zones is a long-standing problem in Earth sciences. Prediction of earthquake rupture extent mostly relies on interplate coupling models based on Global Navigation Satellite Systems providing patterns of slip deficit between tectonic plates. We here investigate if and how the strongly and weakly coupled patches revealed by these models relate to the distribution of deformation along the plate interface, i.e., basal erosion and/or underplating. From a mechanical analysis of the topography applied along the Chilean subduction zone, we show that extensive plate interface deformation takes place along most of the margin. We show that basal erosion occurs preferentially at 15 km depth while underplating does at 35 ± 10 and 60 ± 5 km depth, in agreement with P-T conditions of recovered underplated material, expected pore pressures and the spatial distribution of marine terraces and uplift rates. South of the Juan Fernández Ridge, large sediment input favors shallow accretion and underplating of subducted sediments, while along northern Chile, extensive basal erosion provides material for the underplating. We then show that, along the accretionary margin, the two last major earthquakes were limited along their down-dip end by underplating while, along the erosive margin, they were surrounded by both basal erosion and underplating. Segments with heterogeneously distributed deformation largely coincide with lateral earthquake terminations. We therefore propose that long-lived plate interface deformation promotes stress build-up and leads to earthquake nucleation. Earthquakes then propagate along fault planes shielded from this long-lived permanent deformation, and are finally stopped by segments of heterogeneously distributed deformation. Slip deficit patterns and earthquake segmentation therefore reflect the along-dip and along-strike distribution of the plate interface deformation. Topography acts as a mirror of distributed plate interface deformation and should be more systematically studied to improve the prediction of earthquake ruptures
Remote-sensing of aerosol atmospheric rivers over the southwest Indian Ocean in September 2017: origins, evolution and impacts
No full textInternational audienceIn the southern hemisphere, the dry season from June to October coincides with the occurrence of significant fires especially located along the tropical belt in Africa and South America. This fire activity is an important source of aerosols in the tropical troposphere and results in smoke plumes transported across long distances toward area generally aerosol-free. The atmospheric composition over the Indian Ocean is often influenced by biomass burning plumes shaped by the synoptic atmospheric circulation with high pressure over southern Africa and the movement of westerly waves that may embedded cut-off lows. The propagation over the Indian Ocean is then dependent on the position of the Mascarene High. The meandering shape of the plumes is then associated with an aerosol atmospheric river (AAR). Such a phenomenon has been sampled by spaceborne lidars and spectro-radiometers, and even observed above La Réunion (21.1°S, 55.3°E) during September 2017 by a ground-based lidar and a sun-photometer. The Li1200, an operational lidar in the frame of the Atmospheric Physics Reunion Observatory (OPAR), recorded the passage of an AAR during two nights. These measurements allow us to derive both the vertical structures of the plume and some vertically resolved aerosol optical properties. This information was used to constrain Lagrangian modelling tools to identify the pathways and origins of the biomass burning plume. These results have been corroborated by the spaceborne observations of CALIOP and CATS, and the passive sensor MODIS. Reanalysis of ECMWF with atmospheric composition outputs from the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) supports the understanding of the synoptic conditions leading to the formation of this aerosol plume configuration. We will present our scientific approach and discuss the environmental impact of these AARs in the southwest Indian Ocean
Gender Equality and Maternal Burnout: A 40-Country Study
No full textInternational audienceIn Western countries, recent decades have witnessed a revolution toward gender equality. Inequalities have been greatly reduced in areas such as education or employment. Because inequalities lead to distress, this development has largely benefited women. One notable exception is the realm of parenting, which has remained rife with inequalities even in the most egalitarian countries. We hypothesized that experiencing inequality in parenting when one holds egalitarian values and raising a child in a country characterized by a high level of gender equality in other areas, increases mothers’ psychological distress in the specific area of parenting. Multilevel modeling analyses computed among 11,538 mothers from 40 countries confirmed this prediction: high egalitarian values at the individual level and high gender equality at the societal level are associated with higher burnout levels in mothers. The associations hold beyond differences in sociodemographic characteristics at the individual level and beyond economic disparities at the societal level. These findings show the importance of egalitarian values and gender equality and their paradoxical effect when inequalities are still present in specific areas as parenting. This study reveals the crucial need to act not only at the micro level but also at the macro level to promote gender equality in parenting and prevent parental burnout
Introduction au droit congolais de l'élevage
No full textLa RDC n’a pas une législation sur l’élevage adaptée à l’évolution de la situation politique, économique et sanitaire du pays. Le dernier instrument juridique ayant réglementé ce secteur date de plus de 80 ans, il s’agit du décret relatif à la police sanitaire des animaux domestiques de 1938.Pourtant de nouvelles maladies animales dangereuses ont apparu entretemps et la protection de l’environnement est devenue une préoccupation mondiale que les exploitants de ce secteur économique doivent respecter.Dès lors, il est temps que les autorités congolaises mettent en place une nouvelle législation en matière d’élevage qui se conformera aux prescrits du code sanitaire des animaux terrestres édicté comme cadre normatif de référence mondiale en matière d’élevage et des produits animaux par l’Organisation mondiale de la santé animale, en sigle O.I.E
La performance organisationnelle des sociétés anonymes est-elle fonction de l'hétérogénéité des caractéristiques observables de l'équipe dirigeante ?Team?
No full textInternational audienceThe first (1984) and the second (2007) upper echelon models are at the center of current debates about the interactions that may exist between observable and unobservable characteristics of small and large top management teams, the environmental stability or instability, and theperformance indicators. Although these reflections are theoretically and empirically advanced in the context of North America and Europe continental, the first work on the subject in the African context is only recent. Contributing to this debate, the objective of this research is to build a theoretical model to analyze the effect of observable characteristics of the top management team on the organizational performance of economic entities. Taking into account the characteristics of the research context in the analysis conducted has make possible to build a theoretical model that shows that age heterogeneity and gender diversity in the top management team are the main levers of organizational performance.Le premier (1984) et le deuxième (2007) modèle des échelons supérieurs sont au centre des débats actuels sur les interactions susceptibles d’exister entre les caractéristiques observables et non observables des équipes dirigeantes restreintes et larges, la stabilité ou l’instabilité de l’environnement et les indicateurs de performance. Bien que ces réflexions soient théoriquement et empiriquement avancées dans le contexte nord-américain et de l’Europe continentale, les premiers travaux sur le sujet en contexte africain ne sont que récents et ont abouti à des conclusions très mitigées. Contribuant à ce débat, l’objectif de cette recherche est de construire un modèle théorique d’analyse de l’effet des caractéristiques observables de l’équipe dirigeante sur la performance organisationnelle des entités économiques. La prise en compte des caractéristiques du contexte de recherche dans l’analyse effectuée a permis de construire un modèle théorique qui montre que l’hétérogénéité de l’âge et la diversité du genre dans l’équipe dirigeante constituent des principaux leviers de la performance organisationnelle
Histoire de peuple Bale
No full textInternational audienceLe peuple Bale comme tout autre peuple a une histoire. Son récit, ici retracé, ne présente qu’une vue plus au moins générale de son histoire, afin d’apporter aux lecteurs de tout bord une connaissance pouvant lui permettre de se faire une idée concise sur l’homme bale. Nous avons donc identifié le Bale de par son histoire, le situant dans son emplacement géographique dans le temps ancien et actuel, distinguant les différentes variations dialectiques qu’a subi sa langue, le « baledha », suite aux mouvements migratoires intenses, présenté l’organisation politico-administrative de sa société antique et les changements qu’elle a connus sous l’influence du régime colonial ainsi qu’au lendemain de l’indépendance des Etats africains, circonscrit le social dans lequel s’est encré sa culture, l’impact économique de ses activités ainsi que ses croyances et sa religion.Sans avoir la prétention d’avoir épuisé le contenu de l’histoire Bale, nous croyons que l’homme Bale a un passé profond dont le détail est susceptible d’être l’objet d’une étude plus élaborée et thématique à entreprendre, afin d’en constituer une encyclopédie.Enfin, nous avons l’assurance d’avoir donné un outil d’intérêt pédagogique, de recherche et d’information générale et croyons avoir répondu à la préoccupation de ceux qui en feront bon usage