International Journal of Agricultural Research, Innovation and Technology (IJARIT)
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Représentations des maladies infectieuses des patients réunionnais et leurs projections par les médecins généralistes : étude comparative basée sur l’évocation hiérarchisée
No full textDo differences exist in Reunion Island between patients’ representations of infectious diseases and those given by their physician? Research of a conceptual gap and its determinants could help adapt physician-patient relation. This choice of theme occurred before the Covid-19 pandemic which illustrates its societal issues. Across the island, 100 patients and 20 physicians have been recruited. They produced hierarchized evocations answering six inductor-words, including sexually transmitted diseases, in order to explore patients’ representations of infectious diseases. Prototypical and categorial analyze was conducted, then observed difference determinants where explored by logistic regression.The main representations are similar between the groups. Environmental and historical influences have to be emphasized, like Covid-19 that influences the results. Patients add new notions (immunity, pollution...) not cited by physicians. Traditional medicine and mosquito-related diseases matter to patients. That is known by physicians. Yet the island proceeds to its medical transition and these representations tighten to those of metropolitan France. This study's anthropological approach discloses some representations that would not have been revealed by statistics.Physicians’ representations of those of their patients seem correct. Therapeutic educationis primordial because everyone built their own representations according to their knowledges. This method opens a new reading prism for further studies on infectious diseases.Existe-t-il à La Réunion une différence entre les représentations des maladies infectieuses des patients et celles que les médecins leurs prêtent ? La recherche d’un fossé conceptuel et ses déterminants pourrait aider à adapter la relation médecin-patients. Le choix de ce thème est intervenu en amont de la pandémie de Covid-19 qui en illustre les enjeux sociétaux.A travers toute l’île, 100 patients et 20 médecins ont été recrutés afin d’étudier les représentations des patients. Ils ont produits des évocations hiérarchisées en réponse à six mot-inducteurs sur les maladies infectieuses, dont un sur les infections sexuellement transmissibles. Une analyse prototypique et catégorielle a été menée. Les déterminants des différences observées ont été explorés par une régression logistique.Les représentations principales sont similaires entre les groupes. Elles sont guidées par des influences environnementales et historiques, à commencer par la Covid-19. Les patients incluent des notions nouvelles que les médecins ne citent pas (immunité, pollution…). Les représentations des maladies liées aux moustiques et de la médecine traditionnelle sont bien connues des médecins. L’île poursuit cependant sa transition médicale et les représentations tendent vers celles observées en métropole. L’approche anthropologique dévoile enfin des représentations qui ne l’auraient pas été par les statistiques.Les médecins semblent avoir une bonne représentation de celles des patients. L’éducation thérapeutique est primordiale car chacun construit ses représentations selon ses connaissances. Cette méthode ouvre un nouveau prisme de lecture qui servira à de futurs travaux sur les maladies infectieuses
Two-point resistances in Archimedean resistor networks
No full textInternational audienceThe rise of novel materials such as graphene compounds or carbon nanotubes recently revived the interest on the role of symmetries upon electrical properties. Among possible solids, symmetrical polytopes, widely realized in natural and artificial matter, deserve particular attention. When equal resistors are attached between neighbouring nodes of Perfect (Platonic) solids (PS) along the edges, the two-point resistance between any pair of nodes was established in the 1990s by van Steenwijk using an elegant and efficient method. Using van Steenwijk's method, Moddy and Aravind subsequently derived the resistance values for two Archimedean and two Catalan solids. Here, with the same method, we derive the exact expression for the two-point resistance between any two nodes for resistor networks made of equal resistors placed along the edges of the thirteen Archimedean solids (AS). While the calculation remains elementary for the simplest AS, a dedicated method using computer assistance was developed for the Snub Cube, the Snub Dodecahedron and the three AS with three different rotation symmetries (the Great Rhombicuboctahedron, the Small Rhombicosidodecahedron and the Great Rhombicosidodecahedron). The largest resistance value (191/90) is obtained between the two opposite nodes of the Truncated Dodecahedron, and the second largest (42815/21114) is obtained between the two opposite nodes of the Great Rhombicosidodecahedron. The smallest resistance value (14137/38016) is obtained between some of the neighbouring nodes of the Snub Cube, whereas the resistance between neighbouring nodes of the Icosahedron (11/30) is slightly smaller. Some general symmetry relations between two-point resistances in AS networks are also derived, as well as some relations with two-point resistances in PS networks. The complete set of exact two-point resistance values for PS and AS networks can be used to check numerical codes or to evaluate the capacity of regular solids to provide appropriate models for given experimental situations
Étude descriptive rétrospective d’une population pédiatrique et adulte de cas de noyades à La Réunion et à Mayotte
No full textBackground : The Szpilman classification established in 1997 is the reference for the physician. It allows to guide the therapy and gives a predictive score of mortality. The main objective of this study is to describe the initial clinical status of drowning cases in Reunion Island and Mayotte. Method : This retrospective and descriptive cohort study was conducted from January 2015 to July 2021 in the four hospitals of Reunion Island and the hospital of Mayotte. Patients were distributed according to the Szpilman classification.Results : 297 patients were included in the study. The number of patients for each stage of the classification was respectively: stage 1, n=109; stage 2, n=39; stage 3 n=37; stage 4, n=0; stage 5, n=72 and stage 6, n=40. The overall mortality was 7.1%. All patients who died were in stage 6, except one patient in stage 5. NIV was used in 36 (12.1%) patients with a success rate of 68.6%. The median age was 5 years [IQR 2-26]. In contrast to metropolitan France, drowning occurs mostly during the period from October to January.Conclusion : The results of our study show that the distribution of patients is different from Szpilman’s in 1997. The proportion of stage 5 is 24.2% vs 1%. Initial cardiac arrest (stage 6) is the group with the highest number of deaths. No patient was in stage 4. For stages below stage 6, it would be interesting to evaluate ventilatory management by prospective studies. Drowning seems to be a public health problem in Reunion Island and Mayotte.Introduction : La classification de Szpilman établie en 1997 est la référence pour le médecin. Elle permet de guider la thérapeutique et donne un score prédictif de mortalité. L’objectif principal de cette étude est de décrire l’état clinique initial des cas de noyades à La Réunion et à Mayotte. Méthode : Cette étude de cohorte descriptive rétrospective a répertorié les cas de noyades de janvier 2015 à juillet 2021 sur les quatre centres hospitaliers de La Réunion et le centre hospitalier de Mayotte. Les patients ont été répartis selon la classification de Szpilman. Résultats : 297 patients ont été inclus dans l’étude. Le nombre de patients pour chaque stade de la classification était respectivement : stade 1, n=109 ; stade 2, n=39 ; stade 3, n=37 ; stade 4, n=0 ; stade 5, n=72 et stade 6, n=40. La mortalité globale était de 7.1%. Tous les patients décédés étaient dans le stade 6, sauf un patient dans le stade 5. La VNI a été utilisée pour 36 (12.1%) patients avec un taux de succès de 68.6%. L’âge médian était de 5 ans [IQR 2-26]. Contrairement à la France métropolitaine, les noyades ont le plus souvent lieu pendant la période d’octobre à janvier.Conclusion : Les résultats de notre étude ont montré que la répartition des patients est différente de celle de Szpilman en 1997. La proportion de stade 5 est de 24.2% vs 1%. Aucun patient ne faisait partie du stade 4. L’arrêt cardiaque initial (stade 6) est le groupe avec le plus grand nombre de décès. Pour les stades inférieurs au stade 6, il serait intéressant d’évaluer la prise en charge ventilatoire par des études prospectives. La noyade semble être un problème de santé publique à La Réunion et à Mayotte
Évacuations sanitaires pédiatriques de Mayotte vers La Réunion : étude descriptive et analytique
No full textMedical evacuation (medevac) from Mayotte to Reunion Island is a crucial activity allowing access to wider healthcare services to the Mahoran population, in a regional context of social and economic disparities. Patients requiring medevac stay twice as long in hospital compared to patients from Reunion with comparable medical conditions. To investigate the distinctive features of the pediatric population, we conducted this retrospective descriptive analytical study over a four-year period. Our results were similar to those in the overall population, though one of our results led us to assume that hospital stays were more related to precarious social situations, rather than severity of health conditions.L'évacuation médicale (EVASAN) de Mayotte vers La Réunion est une activité importante permettant à la population mahoraise l'accès à une offre de soins plus large dans un contexte régional de disparités sociales et économiques. Les patients nécessitant une EVASAN ont des durées d'hospitalisation deux fois plus longues que les patients réunionnais hospitalisés pour des pathologies comparables. Pour étudier les caractéristiques spécifiques de la population pédiatrique, nous avons réalisé cette étude rétrospective, descriptive et analytique sur une période de 4 ans. os résultats étaient similaires à ceux retrouvés en population générale, cependant un de nos résultats soulève l'hypothèse que les durées d'hospitalisation seraient plus liées à une situation sociale précaire qu'à la gravité de l'état de santé
The potential impacts of climate change on agriculture and fisheries production in 72 tropical coastal communities
No full textAbstract Climate change is expected to profoundly affect key food production sectors, including fisheries and agriculture. However, the potential impacts of climate change on these sectors are rarely considered jointly, and when they are, it is often at a national scale, which can mask substantial variability in how communities will be affected. Here, we combine socioeconomic surveys and intersectoral multi-model simulation outputs to conduct a sub-national analysis of the potential impacts of climate change on fisheries and agriculture in 72 coastal communities across five Indo-Pacific countries. Our study reveals three key findings: First, we find that the overall potential losses to fisheries is higher than potential losses to agriculture, but there is substantial within-country variability. Second, while more than two-thirds of locations will bear a double burden of potential losses to both fisheries and agriculture simultaneously, mitigation could reduce the proportion of places facing a double burden. Third, lower socioeconomic status communities are more likely to experience potential impacts than higher socioeconomic status communities
ANALYSE DE L'EFFICIENCE DES BANQUES COMMERCIALES EN RDC : APPROCHES DEA ET SFA
No full textInternational audienc
Very late intubation in COVID-19 patients : a forgotten prognosis factor ?
No full textInternational audienceDescription of all consecutive critically ill COVID 19 patients hospitalized in ICU in University Hospital of Guadeloupe and outcome according to delay between steroid therapy initiation and mechanical ventilation onset. Very late mechanical ventilation defined as intubation after day 7 of dexamethasone therapy was associated with grim prognosis and a high mortality rate of 87%
Investigating the architecture and internal structure of the TOI-561 system planets with CHEOPS, HARPS-N, and TESS
No full textInternational audienceWe present a precise characterization of the TOI-561 planetary system obtained by combining previously published data with TESS and CHEOPS photometry, and a new set of 62 HARPS-N radial velocities (RVs). Our joint analysis confirms the presence of four transiting planets, namely TOI-561 b (P = 0.45 d, R = 1.42 R⊕, M = 2.0 M⊕), c (P = 10.78 d, R = 2.91 R⊕, M = 5.4 M⊕), d (P = 25.7 d, R = 2.82 R⊕, M = 13.2 M⊕), and e (P = 77 d, R = 2.55 R⊕, M = 12.6 R⊕). Moreover, we identify an additional, long-period signal (>450 d) in the RVs, which could be due to either an external planetary companion or to stellar magnetic activity. The precise masses and radii obtained for the four planets allowed us to conduct interior structure and atmospheric escape modelling. TOI-561 b is confirmed to be the lowest density (ρb = 3.8 ± 0.5 g cm-3) ultra-short period (USP) planet known to date, and the low metallicity of the host star makes it consistent with the general bulk density-stellar metallicity trend. According to our interior structure modelling, planet b has basically no gas envelope, and it could host a certain amount of water. In contrast, TOI-561 c, d, and e likely retained an H/He envelope, in addition to a possibly large water layer. The inferred planetary compositions suggest different atmospheric evolutionary paths, with planets b and c having experienced significant gas loss, and planets d and e showing an atmospheric content consistent with the original one. The uniqueness of the USP planet, the presence of the long-period planet TOI-561 e, and the complex architecture make this system an appealing target for follow-up studies
Vegetal Undercurrents—Obscured Riverine Dynamics of Plant Debris
No full textInternational audienceMuch attention has been focused on fine-grained sediments carried as suspended load in rivers due to their potential to transport, disperse, and preserve organic carbon (OC), while the transfer and fate of OC associated with coarser-grained sediments in fluvial systems have been less extensively studied. Here, sedimentological, geochemical, and biomolecular characteristics of sediments from river depth profiles reveal distinct hydrodynamic behavior for different pools of OC within the Mackenzie River system. Higher radiocarbon (14C) contents, low N/OC ratios, and elevated plant-derived biomarker loadings suggest a systematic transport of submerged vascular plant debris above the active riverbed in large channels both upstream of and within the delta. Subzero temperatures hinder OC degradation promoting the accumulation and waterlogging of plant detritus within the watershed. Once entrained into a channel, sustained flow strength and buoyancy prevent plant debris from settling and keep it suspended in the water column above the riverbed. Helical flow motions within meandering river segments concentrate lithogenic and organic debris near the inner river bends forming a sediment-laden plume. Moving offshore, we observe a lack of discrete, particulate OC in continental shelf sediments, suggesting preferential trapping of coarse debris within deltaic and neritic environments. The delivery of waterlogged plant detritus transport and high sediment loads during the spring flood may reduce oxygen exposure times and microbial decomposition, leading to enhanced sequestration of biospheric OC. Undercurrents enriched in coarse, relatively fresh plant fragments appear to be reoccurring features, highlighting a poorly understood yet significant mechanism operating within the terrestrial carbon cycle