International Journal of Agricultural Research, Innovation and Technology (IJARIT)
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Therapeutic indications and metabolic effects of metreleptin in patients with lipodystrophy syndromes: Real-life experience from a national reference network
No full textInternational audienceAim: To describe baseline characteristics and follow-up data in patients with lipodystrophy syndromes treated with metreleptin in a national reference network, in a real-life setting.Patients and methods: Clinical and metabolic data from patients receiving metreleptin in France were retrospectively collected, at baseline, at 1 year and at the latest follow-up during treatment.Results: Forty-seven patients with lipodystrophy including generalized lipodystrophy (GLD; n = 28) and partial lipodystrophy (PLD; n = 19) received metreleptin over the last decade. At baseline, the median (interquartile range [IQR]) patient age was 29.3 (16.6-47.6) years, body mass index was 23.8 (21.2-25.7) kg/m2 and serum leptin was 3.2 (1.0-4.9) ng/mL, 94% of patients had diabetes (66% insulin-treated), 53% had hypertension and 87% had dyslipidaemia. Metreleptin therapy, administered for a median (IQR) of 31.7 (14.2-76.0) months, was ongoing in 77% of patients at the latest follow-up. In patients with GLD, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting triglyceride levels significantly decreased from baseline to 1 year of metreleptin treatment, from 8.4 (6.5-9.9)% [68 (48-85) mmol/mol] to 6.8 (5.6-7.4)% [51(38-57) mmol/mol], and 3.6 (1.7-8.5) mmol/L to 2.2 (1.1-3.7) mmol/L, respectively (P < 0.001), with sustained efficacy thereafter. In patients with PLD, HbA1c was not significantly modified (7.7 [7.1-9.1]% [61 (54-76) mmol/mol] at baseline vs. 7.7 [7.4-9.5]% [61(57-80) mmol/mol] at 1 year), and the decrease in fasting triglycerides (from 3.3 [1.9-9.9] mmol/L to 2.5 [1.6-5.3] mmol/L; P < 0.01) was not confirmed at the latest assessment (5.2 [2.2-11.3] mmol/L). However, among PLD patients, at 1 year, 61% were responders regarding glucose homeostasis, with lower baseline leptin levels compared to nonresponders, and 61% were responders regarding triglyceridaemia. Liver enzymes significantly decreased only in the GLD group.Conclusions: In this real-life setting study, metabolic outcomes are improved by metreleptin therapy in patients with GLD. The therapeutic indication for metreleptin needs to be clarified in patients with PLD
20<SUP>th</SUP>-century strain accumulation on the Lesser Antilles megathrust based on coral microatolls
No full textInternational audienceThe seismic potential of the Lesser Antilles megathrust remains poorly known, despite the potential hazard it poses to numerous island populations and its proximity to the Americas. As it has not produced any large earthquakes in the instrumental era, the megathrust is often assumed to be aseismic. However, historical records of great earthquakes in the 19th century and earlier, which were most likely megathrust ruptures, demonstrate that the subduction is not entirely aseismic. Recent occurrences of giant earthquakes in areas where such events were previously thought to be improbable have illustrated the importance of critically evaluating the seismic potential of other "low-hazard" subduction zones, such as the Lesser Antilles. Using the method of coral microatoll paleogeodesy developed in Sumatra, we examine 20th-century vertical deformation on the forearc islands of the Lesser Antilles and model the underlying strain accumulation on the megathrust. Our data indicate that the eastern coasts of the forearc islands have been subsiding by up to ∼8 mm/yr relative to sites closer to the arc, suggesting that on the time scale of the 20th century, a portion of the megathrust just east of the forearc islands has been locked. Our findings are in contrast to recent models based on satellite geodesy that suggest little or no strain accumulation anywhere along the Lesser Antilles megathrust. This discrepancy is potentially explained by the different time scales of measurement, as recent studies elsewhere have indicated that interseismic coupling patterns may vary on decadal time scales and that century-scale or longer records are required to fully assess seismic potential. The accumulated strain we have detected will likely be released in future megathrust earthquakes, uplifting previously subsiding areas and potentially causing widespread damage from strong ground motion and tsunami waves
The origin and dynamics of nitrogen in the Earth's mantle constrained by 15N15N in hydrothermal gases
No full textInternational audienceThe development of high-resolution gas source mass spectrometry has permitted entirely new types of measurements of multiply-substituted isotopologues in gas species of geochemical significance. Here, we present recent advances afforded by measurements of 15 N 15 N in natural samples, together with 14 N 14 N and 15 N 14 N. We show that the abundance of the doubly-substituted 15 N 15 N isotopologue in hydrothermal gases, often mixtures of volatiles of widely different origins, allows tracing the provenance of nitrogen. The approach is based on the recent finding that atmospheric N2 has a substantial enrichment in 15 N 15 N of nearly 20‰ relative to any other source of N2. This is particularly useful for the study of hydrothermal gases, where characterizing the isotopic composition and provenance of volcanic N2 is important for a wide range of applications in high-temperature geochemistry, but where air-derived N2 is unavoidable. In this review, we summarize the evidence that 15 N 15 N is an unambiguous tracer of ai
Éditer et diffuser la bande dessinée africaine en Europe : 40 ans de combat: Rencontres autour du livre 2012-2013
No full textQuarante ans après la première publication d'auteurs africains de bande dessinée dans un journal français (le couple malgache Xhi et M'aa en 1974 dans Charlie Mensuel), les artistes du continent restent à la marge du 9e art franco-belge.Hormis quelques albums dessinés par Pat Masioni, Pahé ou scénarisés par Christophe Ngalle Edimo, l'édition et la diffusion des auteurs de BD d'Afrique est un exercice compliqué en Europe. Si la série Aya de Marguerite Abouet fait exception à la règle, de nombreux auteurs de talent manquent de visibilité. Face à cette situation, les auteurs et éditeurs africains s'organisent et multiplient les occasions de montrer leur travail, afin de toucher un public le plus vaste possible. Pour découvrir ce champ méconnu de la création littéraire et artistique, la BULAC vous propose de dialoguer avec deux acteurs essentiels de la BD africaine : Christophe Ngalle Edimo, scénariste, et Robert Wazi (éditions Mandala-Africa BD). Cette table ronde sera animée par Christophe Cassiau-Haurie, éditeur et co-auteur, avec Christophe Meunier, de Cinquante années de bandes dessinées en Afrique francophone (l'Harmattan, 2010)
Ambient‐noise tomography of the Ligurian‐Provence Basin using the AlpArray onshore‐offshore network: Insights for the oceanic domain structure
No full textInternational audienceWe derive a three-dimensional shear-wave velocity model of the Ligurian-Provence back-arc basin (Northwestern Mediterranean Sea) using ocean-bottom seismometers (AlpArray OBSs) and land stations from permanent and temporary seismic networks. The quality of OBS continuous records is enhanced by a specific processing that reduces instrumental and seabed-induced noises (transients, tilt, compliance). To further improve the resolution of ambient-noise tomography in the offshore area, we compute the Rayleigh-wave part of the Green functions for OBS-OBS pairs by using onshore stations as virtual sources. 2-D group-velocity maps and their uncertainties are computed in the 4 - 150 s period range by a transdimensional inversion of Rayleigh-wave travel times. The dispersion data and their uncertainties are inverted for a probabilistic 3-D shear-wave velocity model that includes probability densities for Vs and for the depth of layer interfaces. The probabilistic model is refined by a linearized inversion that accounts for the water layer in the Ligurian Sea. Our S-wave velocity and layer boundary probability models correspond well to a recent, high-resolution P-wave velocity cross-section derived from controlled-source seismic profiling along the Ligurian-Provence basin axis. A joint interpretation of the P- and S-wave velocity sections along this profile reveals a thin, anomalous oceanic crust of low P-wave velocities but high S-wave velocities, intruded by a gabbroic body. The illuminated part of the upper mantle appears to be devoid of serpentinization
Does a Shared Strategy Emerge from the Study of Walking Paths during Collaborative Carriages?
No full textSome works have already studied human trajectories during spontaneous locomotion. However, this topic has not been thoroughly studied in the context of human-human interactions, especially during collaborative carriage tasks. Thus, this manuscript aims to provide a broad analysis of the kinematics of two subjects carrying a table. In the present study, 20 pairs of subjects moved a table to 9 different goal positions distant of 2.7-5.4 m. This was performed with only one or both subjects knowing the target location. The analysis of the collected data demonstrated that there is no shared strategy implemented by all the pairs to move the table around. We observed a great variability in the pairs' behaviours. Even the same pair can implement various strategies to move a table to the same goal position. Moreover, a model of the trajectories adopted by collaborating pairs was proposed and optimized with an inverse optimal control scheme. Even if it produced consistent results, due to the great variability which origins were not elucidated, it was not possible to accurately simulate the average trajectories nor the individual ones. Thus, the approach that was shown to be efficient to simulate single walking subjects failed to model the behaviour of collaborating pairs
Deep mass redistribution prior to the Maule earthquake revealed by GRACE satellite gravity
No full textInternational audienceThe control on megathrust earthquake generation exerted by deeper subduction processes remains poorly understood and still insufficiently documented. Here, we use the 2003-2014 space-time variations of the Earth’s gravity gradients derived from the GRACE geoids in order to probe aseismic mass variations at depth and their possible interactions with intraplate seismicity along the Chilean margin. We work with three different datasets of GRACE geoid models over a large region surrounding the rupture zone of the Mw 8.8 2010 Maule earthquake. In order to separate signals associated with mass sources of differents sizes, shapes or orientations, we reconstruct each month the Earth’s gravity gradients at different spatial scales from these geoid models. Our analysis emphasizes a highly anomalous, large-amplitude gravity gradients signal that appears three months prior to the earthquake North of the epicentral zone, and progressively increases until the megathrustal rupture, in all three datasets. We show that this large signal cannot be caused by a shallow hydrological source nor by GRACE striping artefacts and dealiasing models. Instead, we conclude that its most likely origin is in mass redistributions within the solid Earth on the continental side of the subduction zone. These anomalous gravity gradient variations could be explained by a deep extensional deformation of the slab around 150-km depth along the Nazca Plate subduction direction, driving large-scale fluid motion in the subduction zone and into the overriding lithosphere. Our results highlight the importance of observations of the Earth’s time-varying gravity field from satellites to probe aseismic mass redistributions in-depth major plate boundaries . The detection of such mass redistributions at depth by GRACE and their interactions with interplate seismicity opens a new field of research to better characterize and understand the dynamics of the seismic cycle at megathrusts
Amélioration des performances d'une antenne patch rectangulaire en impression additive DFF par cavité d'air
No full textNational audienceThis paper focuses on the performance improvement of a rectangular patch antenna, realized by additive manufacturing via the Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) technology. The proposed method consists in inserting an air cavity in the antenna substrate between the feed line and the ground plane, in order to decrease the propagation losses and to antenna matching. The measurement results, at a frequency of 2.45 GHz, show an improvement in the |S 11 | dB value of 57% and a gain of +0.55 dB in transmission compared to an unmatched antenna. After the experimental validation of the simulated antenna parameters, a numerical comparison is presented between the proposed method and other conventional methods.L'étude proposée dans cet article porte sur l'amélioration des performances d'une antenne patch rectangulaire, réalisée par fabrication additive via la technologie de dépôt de fil fondu (DFF). La méthode proposée consiste à insérer une cavité d'air dans le substrat de l'antenne entre la ligne d'alimentation et le plan de masse, afin de diminuer les pertes par propagation et d'adapter l'antenne. Les résultats de mesure, à la fréquence de 2,45 GHz, montrent une amélioration de la valeur |S 11 | dB de 57% et un gain de +0,55 dB en transmission par rapport à une antenne non adaptée. Après la validation expérimentale des paramètres simulés de l'antenne, une comparaison numérique est présentée entre la méthode proposée et d'autres méthodes plus classiques
HLA Graph, a Free and Ready-to-Use Bioinformatics Tool to Explore Anti-HLA Eplets Reactivity Pattern.
No full textInternational audienceINTRODUCTION: HLA antigens are highly polymorphic and their immunogenicity is dependent on the configurations of polymorphic amino acids. Monitoring anti-HLA immunization is essential in organ transplantation, as antibodies directed against HLA molecules are a major cause of rejection. Anti-HLA antibodies are not specific for HLA antigens, but recognize B-cell epitopes present on HLA molecules. METHODS: To better understand antibody reactivity patterns, we calculated the Spearman correlation of the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of anti-HLA antibodies identified by a single antigen assay performed using a Luminex\textregistered immunobeads assay on a large number of samples. Then, we built a computer tool analyzing antibody reactivity patterns with an accessibility by a web browser linked to the International Epitope Registry. We also extended our model to Onelambda\textregistered and Lifecodes\textregistered Single Antigen class I and class II assays. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The resulting MFI correlations reflect HLA antibody cross-reactivity and eplets similarity. We built HLA Graph, a computer tool that analyzes the eplets involved in antibody reactivity profiles. HLA Graph is usable with Onelambda\textregistered and Lifecodes\textregistered Single Antigen class I and class II assays. The interpretation of reactivity against alleles not tested by the antibody assays and against the alpha and beta chains of HLA-DQ and HLA-DP loci were also developed. CONCLUSION: HLA Graph is a free and ready-to-use bioinformatics tool that can be used by all laboratories performing anti-HLA antibody identification by immunobead assay. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
