International Journal of Agricultural Research, Innovation and Technology (IJARIT)
International Journal of Agricultural Research, Innovation and Technology (IJARIT)Not a member yet
12720 research outputs found
Sort by
Response of some cowpea genotypes to radiosensitivity using 60Co gamma radiation
Full text linkMutagenesis is one of the most effective methods for crop improvement as it expands the genetic pool, offering more opportunities for selecting desirable traits, especially in cowpea, which is predominantly self-pollinating. For effective mass irradiation at acute doses, the sensitivity of cowpea genotypes to gamma rays needs to be determined. The objective of this study was to determine the lethal dose (LD50) at 50% germination and reduction in the appearance of cowpea growth (RD50) when exposed to gamma radiation. Five cowpea genotypes, namely, Hansadua, WC-36, ACC122WxWC-10, IT97K-819, and WC-10, were irradiated with gamma radiation from a 60Co radioactive source at 0-1200Gy with an interval of 100 Gy. The results showed significant wide variations in the responses of genotypes. Hansadua, an improved cultivar, had the lowest LD50 and RD50 values of 531.0 and 452.0 Gy, respectively, indicating its high sensitivity to gamma radiation. Thus, suggesting a relatively lower dose is required to kill half of the population and more so, a tendency to produce more useful mutants at lower doses of radiation from which selection could be made. In addition, the highest values of LD50 and RD50 were observed for ACC122WxWC-10 at 903.0 and 694.0 Gy, respectively. This implies that the ACC122WxWC-10 genotype was the least sensitive to gamma radiation, as more radiation was required to reduce the growth of the control population to half. In addition, there were progressive reductions in other parameters such as plant height, root length, shoot weight, and whole plant weight in all genotypes as the radiation dose increased.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 15(1): 127-135, June 202
Sustainable production technology of sweet potato in response to ecological and economical demands
Full text linkEcological catastrophe in the form of climate change is not only an issue, but now it is a real problem faced by and threatening human civilization, especially in producing food based on cereals and grains. Fortunately, sweet potato has many advantages from its biological potential to withstand climate change; however, it is ignored by policymakers. Consequently, the advantages of biological potential are often not followed by economic benefits for the farmers who grow sweet potato. So far, there has not been a clear regulation provided by policymakers to arrange sweet potato in food security or its agribusiness. Demand for fulfilling food domestically and to meet foreign markets, especially from Singapore, Hong Kong, Korea and Japan, stimulates farmers to increase production. Therefore, farmers have to be encouraged to undertake the sustainable sweet potato production technology leads to high productivity for current demand as well as for future prospective. The greener future technology is oriented to organic with low external input, by utilizing waste integrated with animal husbandry, as well as other sectors. Greener technology, ecologically sound and suitable for future civilization, is required to avoid climate change with low CO2 emissions.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 15(1): 99-108, June 202
Farmer’s pesticide uses and risks in onion fields in the central rift valley of Ethiopia
Full text linkImproper use of pesticides has been the most problematic factor in affecting the environment and pollinating insects. Therefore, this research was conducted to assess farmers’ awareness and usage of insecticides for the protection of onion pests in the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia from January to May 2022. A purposive sampling method was used to select onion growers in the study area. The respondents revealed that damage caused by pests and diseases led to yield loss in onions, and their choice was applying insecticide chemicals without training in the application technique of the chemical. A very high proportion of farmers (60%) in Adami Tullu Jido Kombolcha and Bishan Guracha (44%) never wear personal protective equipment (PPE) at the time of insecticide application. The result also demonstrated that only 44% of respondents from Adami Tullu Jido Kombolcha and 25% from Bishan Guracha had attended formal training. They also revealed that they purchased pesticide chemicals without knowing their safe use or disposal methods. Due to this, farmers fail to follow the label for pesticide rate, spray volume, and wearing personal protective equipment. The results of this study suggest that farmers in the study area need training and inspection on the safe use and hazardous effects of insecticides.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 15(1): 11-21, June 202
Effects of sewage sludge on the growth and yield of jute
Full text linkAn outdoor research was executed to assess the impact of sewage sludge and inorganic fertilizer on the fertility of soil and yield of jute, utilizing the high-yielding variety of jute (Corchorus olitorius L.) O-9897 as the sample plant. Six treatments of treated sewage sludge (SS) and suggested amounts of chemical fertilizers (RDF) with three replications were as T1: (Control), T2: (SS 5 t ha‑1), T3: (SS 5 t ha‑1 + ½ RDF), T4: (SS 5 t ha‑1 + ¾ RDF), T5: (SS 5 t ha‑1 + ¼ RDF), and T6: RDF. It was found that the treatment T4 (SS + ¾ RDF) as well as T5 (SS + ¼ RDF) had the highest growth and yield of jute, where the plant height, base diameter, fiber yield and stick weight were increased 67.65, 48.28, 60, and 63.49%, respectively in comparison to the control. The maximum amounts of organic matter and zinc were found for treatment T3, whereas nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulfur were also noted as highest in treatment T4. The implementation of sewage sludge alone enhanced jute growth, yield, and soil nutrient levels compared to the control. However, combining sewage sludge with chemical fertilizers produced improved outcomes in boosting the fertility of soil and the yield of jute.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 15(1): 54-61, June 202
Stability, performance and participatory evaluation of potato varieties under rain-fed and irrigation conditions at Southeast, Ethiopia
Full text linkThe goal of potato breeding is to develop widely adaptable, highly productive cultivars that farmers would prefer. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance and stability of potato varieties linking the preferences of smallholder farmers in rain-fed and irrigated environments. Using a randomized complete block design in three replicates, twelve potato cultivars were assessed in 10 settings in Southeast Ethiopia during the Meher and Belg seasons in 2019 and 2020. The environments, genotypes, and GEI all revealed significant differences (p<0.001) in the pooled analysis of the variance of tuber yield. The tuber yield variances for GEI, environment, and genotypic impacts were 15.48%, 7.61%, and 59.49% explained by the AMMI analysis, respectively. The environments were grouped into three distinct categories. A total of 99.6% of the variance was the cumulative contribution of PC1, PC2, PC3, PC4, and PC5 sharing 80.8%, 11.3%, 4.3%, 2.2%, and 1.0%, respectively High-yielding and widely adapted were Gera, Gudanie, Bubu, Belete, Shenkolla, Guassa, and Maracharre varieties, according to the AMMI, BLUP, GGE biplot, and WAAS. However, dynamic types that were particularly affected by environmental variations include Jalenie, Dagim, Gorebella, Awash, and Zemen. A stability measure of metric and preference based on various traits identified Gudanie and Guassa varieties. The scores of the small holder farmers were consistent throughout the test environments. The canonical correlation analysis indicated the significant association between the metric traits collected by the breeder and the small- holder farmer preferences. The study provides baseline data for potato breeding, and the varieties must be evaluated in the nation\u27s mega-environments for additional recommendations.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 14(2): 85-98, December 202
The consistency of vitamin B12 in marketed microalgae powders
Full text linkVitamin B12 is a water nutrient that plays a key role, in DNA replication and the production of red blood cells as well as maintaining proper neuron function in the body system. Insufficient levels of this vitamin can result in health complications like megaloblastic anemia. At times, microalgal powders have surfaced as a source of vitamin B12. The purpose of this study is to investigate the amount of active vitamin B12 in microalgae with a specific focus on commercially available strains, like Chlorella sp. and Nannochloropsis gaditana. The research discovered that Chlorella sp. and N. gaditana powders have vitamin B12 levels of, up to 2.1 µ/g whereas Spirulina powders contain pseudo vitamin B12 than active B12. Collectively speaking Chlorella sp. and N. gaditana serve as good sources of active vitamin B12 while Spirulina seems to be less potent due, to its high pseudo-vitamin B12 content. This research highlights the promise of powders, like Chlorella sp. and N. gaditana as sources of accessible vitamin B12 that may contribute to addressing nutritional gaps in diets.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 14(2): 146-152, December 202
Adoption of climate-smart agriculture in the coastal area of Bangladesh
Full text linkAdopting climate-smart agriculture in the coastal area of Bangladesh faces challenges, as well as farmers\u27 vulnerability to frequent natural disasters and salinity intrusion. The main aims of this study were to assess the extent of CSA technologies adopted by the farmers and to explore the contributions of the selected characteristics of the coastal farmers to the adoption of CSA. An interview schedule was used to collect data from 354 coastal farmers of three districts, namely Satkhira, Khulna, and Bagerhat, through a ‘Multistage random sampling method’ in 2022. Both inferential and descriptive statistics were used. A complete model multiple regression analysis was used to investigate how the predictor variables affected the outcome variables. Results indicate that about 57.91% of the coastal farmers had medium adoption, followed by 22.88% high and 19.21% poor adoption of CSA. Out of the 19 identified CSA technologies, “the use of thread pipe/plastic pipe for irrigation” ranked first and indicated the highest extent of adoption by the coastal farmers. Farmers’ annual agricultural income, extension contact, training exposure, knowledge of CSA, and attitude towards CSA significantly positively contributes to their adoption of CSA. Extension services, community-based training, and awareness campaigns can play a vital role in escalating farmers\u27 adoption of CSA. Therefore, addressing climate change and building climate resilience in agriculture requires practical support to enable farmers to adopt and sustain CSA.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 15(1): 39-47, June 202
Farmers’ knowledge of using flood forecast information in fish farming: A case of rural Bangladesh
Full text linkThe effects of global climate change and extreme weather events are threatening Bangladesh\u27s fish and aquaculture productivity. Given the negative consequences of climate change, both the national and international societies concur that mitigating the effects of climatic unpredictability and change requires the development of weather and climate services. Additionally, if forecasting data is expertly adapted to fish farmers\u27 requirements, they may be better able to handle and adjust to climatic and climatic-induced stressors. The primary goal of the study was to determine how much fish farmers knew about using flood forecast information regarding fish farming. Three villages in the Union Islampur upazila, which is part of the Jamalpur district, were the sites of the study: Kulkandi, Chinaduli, and North-Bamna. A sample of 95 randomly chosen fish farmers (about 25% of the total population) out of 380 fish farmers provided the data. Focus groups, matrix ranking, and key informant interviews were among the qualitative and quantitative techniques used in the study\u27s research methodology. In order to collect both quantitative and qualitative data, formal and semi-structured questionnaires were created. The majority of farmers (53.90%) had a medium level of knowledge, followed by high knowledge (31.57%), and poor knowledge (14.74%) about the use of forecast information in fish farming. Therefore, through a variety of interventions, including training, group discussions, demonstrations, and the distribution of printed materials, concerned authorities like the Department of Fisheries (DOF) should provide chances to increase the knowledge of fish farmers. Regression study revealed that farmers\u27 knowledge regarding using forecast information in fish farming is positively impacted by their level of education, annual earnings from fish farming, organizational participation, and sources of flood forecast information. Therefore, while creating programs and making decisions, legislators, development practitioners, extension specialists, and others should consider these aspects.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 14(2): 9-19, December 202
In vitro and in vivo screening of commonly used acaricides against Ixodid ticks in South Omo pastoral areas, South-Western Ethiopia
Full text linkThe study aimed to assess the in vitro and in vivo antitick efficacy of commonly used acaricides in order to suggest efficient acaricides to livestock owners was conducted in South Omo Zone, Southern Ethiopia. According to Drummond\u27s method, the Adult Immersion Test (AIT) was applied to assess oviposition inhibition of engorged female ticks. Also, in vivo efficacy field trial of Deltamethrin 1% pour-on, Amitraz 12.5%, and Ivermectin 1% injection was conducted on a goat kept under a pastoral production system in the study area. A total of 528 fully engorged female R. decoloratus and R. pulchellus ticks were tested through the adult immersion test (AIT). A statistically significant (p<0.05) mean percent oviposition control was achieved by two in vitro tested acaricides. Amitraz induced 67.30±7.33 (min= 58.07%; max=74.02%) mean percent oviposition control while, Deltamethrin achieved 100±00 (min=100%; max=100%) on ticks from bovine. Similar results were obtained on ticks from caprine using Amitraz and Deltamethrin, and mean percent oviposition control was 82.90±2.7 (min=79.04%; max=85.01%) and 100±00 (min=100%; max=100%), respectively. A 61.45% and 73.15% oviposition control of R. decoloratus and R. pulchellus from bovine, and 81.77% and 84.03% oviposition control of R. decoloratus and R. pulchellus from caprine, respectively, were observed in in vitro studies. However, Deltamethrin was able to completely prevent oviposition in both bovine and caprine tick species. At the recommended field concentration, Amitraz, Ivermectin, and Deltamethrin, achieved 97.22%, 85.29%, and 99.03% effectiveness, respectively, in eliminating adult ticks from infested goats. We suggest both Amitraz and Deltamethrin were effective against Ixodid ticks infesting ruminants in the research area when used in the recommended dosages; however, more confirmatory in vivo field data is required.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 15(1): 1-10, June 202
Performance modelling and optimization of disc angle and tractor speed for a disc ridger in loamy soil using RSM
Full text linkRidging has been identified as a mechanized substitute for flat-land form and mounding in the cultivation of root and tuber crops. Manual ridging imposes high drudgery, consumes time and limits production scale. Therefore, mechanized ridging is necessary to improve efficiency, reduce cost and enable large-scale production. In this study, performance modelling and operational optimization of disc angle and tractor speed for a double-row disc ridger were established using CCRD in RSM. Quadratic models generated by RSM were used to predict optimum draught, wheel-slip and fuel consumption while maximizing cutting-depth and cutting-width. The results show that the ridger achieved optimum performance at 42.50 disc angle and 7.5 km/h tractor speed with a constant tilt angle of 25°. The regression model predicted optimal fuel consumption of 8.13 l/ha, 7.8 kN draught force, 2.8% wheel-slip, 29 cm depth and 277 cm width of cut, at the predicted disc angle and speed. The optimization analysis suggests that an increased disc angle and speed resulted in increased draught, fuel consumption, wheel-slip and cutting width and depth. To maximize operating efficiency, it is advised that ridging operations at the study site be conducted at the designated optimal speed and disc angle.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 15(1): 62-69, June 202