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Raising broilers without antibiotics: challenges and alternatives
No full textIntensive poultry production has long relied on the use of antibiotics to improve animal
health and yield. However, growing concerns about the emergence of antimicrobial resistance
have led to restrictions and bans on the use of antibiotics as growth promoters in many
countries. “Raised without antibiotics” production can be described as the production of
broilers that have not come into contact with antibiotics during the production cycle, whether
for prophylactic, therapeutic or growth-stimulating purposes.
The aim of this study was to demonstrate the opportunities and challenges in raised without
antibiotics poultry production, focusing on the available alternative measures such as probiotics,
phytobiotics, organic acids, improved biosecurity, hygiene and management. The data
presented were obtained based on observational and survey-based methodologies. Test matrices
were water, feed and litter. The technique used to determine the presence of antibiotics
was ultra-high performance liquid-chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS).
From January 2020 to June 2025, antibiotic use on the studied farms steadily declined from
20.62 to 4.70 mg/kg of live weight. In the total of 3320 broiler production cycles examined
on 200 farms, it was found that 62.14% of production runs met the requirements for antibiotic-
free rearing. From such facilities, 59.36% of slaughtered broilers met the requirements
for the Raised Without Antibiotics certificate.
The results indicate that it is possible to achieve satisfactory production indicators and maintain
good animal health, but with strict adherence to preventive measures and precise management
Determination of the efficiency of energy sources in feed mixtures for broilers
No full textAdding fat to poultry feed mixtures increases the energy value of feed, absorption of liposoluble
vitamins, reduces feed spilling, enhances feed palatability, slows down the passage
of feed through the digestive tract of animals, and thus, improves the absorption of nutrients
and utilization of metabolic energy. In areas where corn is used as the main source of energy,
high-energy mixtures are usually used, which also provide the best economic effects.
However, good results (especially if the goal is a meaty carcass) can also be achieved by
using a feed mixture with a lower energy level that includes nutrients of lower energy value
compared to corn. Today, the physiological mechanisms by which poultry react to different
energy levels have not yet been fully clarified. In addition to an overview of the most important
sources of energy in poultry feed mixtures, this paper presents research organized by
the Department of Nutrition and Botany, University of Belgrade, with the aim of examining
the influence of different fat sources in broiler feed on production results, health status, fatty
acid composition and quality of broiler meat. The selection of energy nutrients that optimizes
broiler production results and the meat quality is presented and discussed
Večkratno odporne bakterije in geni za odpornost v surovem mleku s slovenskih in srbskih kmetij
No full textPrireja kravjega mleka je pomembna gospodarska dejavnost tako v Sloveniji kot Srbiji, pri čemer čedalje intenzivnejša prireja povečuje tveganje za bolezni krav molznic. To vodi do pogoste uporabe antibiotikov, kar pospešuje razvoj bakterijske odpornosti in širjenje genov za odpornost med bakterijami tako v kmetijskem okolju kot med ljudmi. V raziskavi smo analizirali vzorce bazenskega mleka s 106 slovenskih in 100 srbskih kmetij, v katerih smo ugotavljali prisotnost večkratno odpornih bakterij (VOB). Pridobili smo 10 izolatorv proti meticilinu odporne bakterije Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ter 13 izolatorv Escherichia coli in dva izolata Klebsiella pneumoniae, ki so izločali β-laktamaze z razširjenim spektrom delovanja (ESBL). V nobenem vzorcu mleka nismo ugotovili enterobakterij, ki izločajo karbapenemaze (CPE), proti vankomicinu odpornih enterokokov (VRE) ali E. coli, odporne proti kolistinu. Rezultati potrjujejo, da surovo mleko predstavlja potencialni rezervoar VOB ter genov za odpornost, kar ima lahko pomembne posledice za javno zdravje. Celotna raziskava je del raziskovalnega programa 'Zdravje živali, okolje in varna hrana' (P4-0092) ter bilateralnega projekta 'Surovo mleko kot potencialni vir večkratno odpornih bakterij in genov za odpornost' (BI-RS/23-25-007), v okviru katerega sodelujemo raziskovalci iz Slovenije (Inštitut za mikrobiologijo in parazitologijo, Veterinarska fakulteta, Ljubljana) in Srbije (Fakulteta za veterinarsko medicino, Beograd)
The free-living non-parasitic nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as an alternative model in biomedical research
No full textCaenorhabditis elegans is a nematode that is known as an alternative model for research.
Adult forms are about 1mm long, while larvae reach a length of 0.25 mm. This
nematode is easily grown in laboratories in a special nematode growth medium (NGM)
with a layer of the bacterium Escherichia coli, on which C. elegans feeds. The worms exist
in two natural sexes. C. elegans is one of the most frequently used experimental model
organisms in biomedicine. The main advantages of C. elegans as a model organism are
its small size, high reproductive capacity, simple cultivation, low maintenance costs, the
possibility of long preservation at low temperatures, very short reproductive time and
good visibility. C. elegans has been used for analysis of toxicants, investigation of cancer,
discovery of antiparasitics and anticancer drugs, and investigation of the functions
of the neuromuscular system. The C. elegans model is successful for identifying and
characterizing molecular drug targets of all classes of anthelmintics acting on the
nervous system. All these characteristics make C. elegans a valuable and prospective
model organism in biomedical research. This review article primarily focuses on the
utility of C. elegans as a model organism in the evaluation of anthelmintic substances,
with particular emphasis on essential oils and natural products, while briefly highlighting its general biomedical applications. The main goal of this paper is to demonstrate our
application of this model in some antinematodal research
Technological and functional characteristics of lactic acid bacteria from traditional Serbian cheeses
No full textOwing to the rich diversity of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) microbiota, traditional Serbian white-brined cheeses can serve as a valuable source of LAB strains with promising technological and functional properties. This study aimed to identify potential candidates for developing commercial bacterial cultures, which could be used to produce cheese with distinct sensory qualities and added value as a functional food product. A total of 83 LAB isolates were tested for their ability to grow under different salt concentrations and temperatures; their acidifying, proteolytic, and lipolytic activities; and their production of diacetyl and exopolysaccharides (EPSs). Four strains, one Lacticaseibacillus paracasei and three Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, were the most promising candidates for further evaluation as adjunct cultures since they showed good resistance to environmental stresses, proteolytic activity, and the ability to produce diacetyl and EPSs. None of the strains was a promising candidate for application as a starter culture or for probiotic use. Further research is required to assess the potential of the isolates to demonstrate desirable characteristics when incorporated into a cheese matrix, primarily focusing on understanding their interaction with the cheese environment and behavior under various processing conditions.Supplementary material: [https://vet-erinar.vet.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4494
Chronic oral D-dalactose induces oxidative stress but not overt organ dysfunction in male Wistar rats
No full textD-galactose (d-gal) plays numerous roles in the organism as an energy-providing
nutrient and also an important constituent of the complex glycoconjugates. However,
excessive amounts of d-gal activate alternative metabolic pathways that can lead to the
development of a pro-oxidative environment. This feature is used in numerous aging
studies which implied intraperitoneal (i.p.) or subcutaneous (s.c.) administration of d-gal
for a prolonged time. The present study aims to investigate the systemic effects of orally
administered d-gal (200 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg, dissolved in tap water, for 6 weeks) by
analyzing oxidative stress parameters in the liver, kidney, and heart. For comparison
with natural aging, the effects were studied in rats aged 12, 18, 24, and 30 months. In
addition, histopathologic analyzes and serum biochemical measurements were performed
to investigate the potential structural and functional organ damage induced by d-gal
administration. Our findings show that chronic oral administration of d-gal induces
oxidative stress in rat organs and mimics some aspects of natural aging similar to those
of 30-month-old rats. Consistent with its primary role in galactose metabolism, the liver
exhibited the most pronounced oxidative damage. However, despite the increased oxidative
stress, only minor histopathological changes were observed, while organ function remained
largely unaffected. Oral intake of d-gal was found to have milder effects compared to i.p.
or s.c. injections, suggesting that this model may induce some features of natural aging but
without overt organ dysfunction
Klimatske promene i dobrobit životinja
No full textTermin „klimatske promene” se odnosi na porast globalnih temperatura od
sredine 20. veka do danas. Klimatske promene predstavljaju veliku pretnju za opstanak
mnogih životinjskih vrsta, ekosistema i održivosti sistema stočarske proizvodnje
na globalnom nivou. Klimatske promene mogu imati negativan uticaj na
dobrobit životinja. Širom sveta, ljudi, životinje i ekosistem doživljavaju globalno
zagrevanje i ekstremne vremenske prilike, opadajući kvalitet vazduha, pojavu novih
parazita i patogenih mikorganizama i njihov prošireni raspon, gubitak staništa,
šumske požare i smanjenu bezbednost hrane i vode. Kućni ljubimci, sportske
životinje, farmske životinje i divlje životinje na prirodnim staništima mogu biti direktno
i indirektno pogođeni klimatskim promenama. U intenzivnim poljoprivrednim
sistemima, ekstremni vremenski događaji kao što su poplave, toplotni talasi
i šumski požari često ostavljaju životinje zarobljene u nesigurnim uslovima koji
pate od dehidracije, gladi ili smrti. Pored toga, stres i prenatrpanost životinja u intenzivnim
sistemima gajenja povećavaju rizik od izbijanja zoonoza, ugrožavajući
javno zdravlje i bezbednost hrane. Potrošači sve više zahtevaju humane i održive
prakse u prehrambenoj industriji, prepoznajući vezu između dobrobiti životinja,
održivosti životne sredine i sopstvenog blagostanja. Ljudi i životinje se moraju
suočiti i prilagoditi neizbežnim promenljivim obrascima i stopama morbiditeta,
mortaliteta i produktivnosti.Zbornik radov
Izazovi i rizici primene rodenticida: ekološke posledice i potreba za alternativnim pristupima
No full textRodenticidi su hemijske supstance koje se primenjuju za regulaciju brojnosti
štetnih glodara. Mogu biti u čvrstom, tečnom, gasovitom obliku ili u formi pene.
Bez obzira na način primene, aktivni sastojci rodenticida se obično dele na: akutne,
subakutne i hronične (antikoagulantne) rodenticide. Antikoagulantni rodenticidi
se u svetu primenjuju više od 70 godina i podeljeni su na antikoagulantne
rodenticide prve i druge generacije. Poslednjih godina sve veća pažnja je usmerena
na bezbednost primene rodenticida imajući u vidu da su antikoagulantni
rodenticidi druge generacije klasifikovani kao (veoma) postojani, (veoma) bioakumulativni
i toksični, a njihova nesavesna upotreba predstavlja veoma veliki
rizik po životnu sredinu zbog moguće primarne i sekundarne intoksikacije neciljnih
vrsta.Zbornik radov
Rekonstrukcija velikog defekta usne korišćenjem bukalnog režnja pomerenog unapred
No full textThis article describes the repair of a traumatic lesion on the upper lip of a 6 – year
– old male mixed – breed dog using a full – thickness buccal advancement flap. The
intact male was presented for examination by a rescue organization. The clinical
assessment revealed that the dog was in good condition, though slightly dehydrated,
with a temperature within normal limits and a good appetite. A significant defect on the
upper right lip was identified, accompanied by discharge.
Comprehensive health evaluations, including blood tests, abdominal ultrasound, 4D
testing, and head X – rays, indicated that the dog was otherwise healthy, without
any concurrent diseases. Wound debridement and tooth extraction were performed,
followed by wound reconstruction using a full – thickness buccal advancement flap.
Post – surgery, the dog underwent polarized light therapy twice daily for 10 minutes
over a 10 – day period to speed up the wound healing process.
In conclusion, the full – thickness buccal advancement flap procedure resulted in
favorable functional and cosmetic outcomes. The dog resumed normal food and water
intake, exhibiting only mild facial asymmetry during the 6 – month follow – up, with no
other observed difficulties.Ovaj članak opisuje sanaciju traumatske lezije na gornjoj usni mužjaka mešanca starog
6 godina, korišćenjem bukalnog režnja pune debljine pomerenog unapred. Nekastriranog
mužjaka je na pregled dovela organizacija za spasavanje životinja. Kliničkim
pregledom utvrđeno je da je pas u dobrom opštem stanju, blago dehidriran, sa telesnom
temperaturom u granicama normale i dobrim apetitom. Na gornjoj desnoj usni
identifikovan je značajan defekt, pokriven eksudatom.
Sveobuhvatna dijagnostika, uključujući analize krvi, ultrazvuk abdomena, 4D test i
rendgensko snimanje glave, pokazala je da je pas zdrav. Izvršena je obrada rane i ekstrakcija
zuba, nakon čega je sprovedena rekonstrukcija rane korišćenjem bukalnog
režnja pune debljine pomerenog unapred.
Nakon operacije, pas je dva puta dnevno tokom 10 dana bio podvrgnut terapiji polarizovanom
svetlošću u trajanju od 10 minuta, kako bi se ubrzao proces zarastanja rane.
Zaključno, procedura sa bukalnim režnjem pune debljine pomerenim unapred rezultirala
je povoljnim funkcionalnim i estetskim ishodom. Pas je nastavio sa normalnim
uzimanjem hrane i vode, uz prisutnu blagu asimetriju lica tokom kontrolnog perioda
od 6 meseci
Whole hempseed as a feeding enrichment for laying hens: effects on egg quality, nutritional profile and sensory attributes
No full textTo evaluate the effect on egg quality of the dietary supplementation with whole hempseeds, as an environmental and nutritional enrichment, a 4-week trial was implemented in an aviary housing a total of 1800 Hy-Line Brown hens in 8 pens (225 hens/pen). From 37 to 40 weeks of age, four pens received only a commercial diet (Control group) and the remaining four pens received whole hemp seed (HS group) (10% of the average daily feed intake of the whole group) once per day in two additional circular feeders (two pens) or directly on the ground (two pens). Then, for the specific purposes of the presents study, after 14 and 28 days of trial (60 eggs/pen per sampling), a total of 480 eggs were collected from two pens of the control group and the two pens of the HS group fed hemp seeds in the circular feeders. On average of the two samplings, the hempseed enrichment did not influence most egg quality traits, i.e. proximate and mineral composition of egg yolk (P > 0.05), while it reduced the L* index and the pH of yolk (P 0.05). In conclusion, the enrichment after four weeks with whole hempseeds at 10% of the daily feed intake in laying hens improved the fatty acid composition of yolk lipids without affecting the majority of egg quality traits and consumers’ preferences.
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