Nuertingen-Geislingen University, GERMANY, OPUS
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Dynamics of forest-open land mosaics on a wooded pasture in Black Forest Biosphere Reserve
No full textDie ehemals gemeinschaftlich genutzten Allmendweiden im Südschwarzwald zeichnen sich durch strukturell vielfältige Wald-Offenland-Mosaike aus. Als Lebensräume des extensiv genutzten Offenlandes (insbesondere FFH-LRT 6230*, Flügelginsterweiden) sind sie von Verunkrautung mit Adlerfarn, Verbuschung und Bewaldung bedroht.
Mithilfe von Computersimulationen wird am Beispiel der Allmendweide Utzenfluh im Oberen Wiesental dargestellt, wie sich Landnutzungsszenarien mit Herdenzusammensetzungen aus unterschiedlichen Tierarten und -rassen in Kombination mit Klimaveränderungen in Zukunft auf die Weidflächen auswirken könnten. Um Klimawandeleinflüsse zu kompensieren, muss die Weidenutzung intensiviert werden. Kontinuierliche Anpassungen sind erforderlich, um die weitere Ausbreitung des problematischen Adlerfarns zu verhindern und Extensivierungseffekte zu vermeiden (Verbuschung und Verlust des LRT 6230*). Das aktuelle Beweidungsmanagement mit starker Ziegenbesetzung erscheint langfristig kritisch für die ausgewogene Präsenz von Wald-, Halboffen- und Offenlandlebensräumen. Die Simulationen zeigen für seine Fortführung eine Walddevastierung und damit den Verlust von Komplexlebensräumen an. Für die Restitution von halboffenen Lebensräumen bewährte Beweidungsregime können somit unter zukünftigen klimatischen Einflüssen resilienzbrechend wirken und die strukturellen Eigenschaften von Lebensraummosaiken grundsätzlich hin zu anderen Ökosystemtypen (Offenland, Wald) verändern.
Demgegenüber erscheint ein weniger pflege-, mehr nutzungsorientiertes Szenario mit extensiver Beweidung durch Rinder und Ziegen kombiniert mit einer standortspezifischen Verteilung der Tierrassen aus naturschutzfachlicher Sicht optimal. Diese Verknüpfung von Landwirtschaft und Naturschutz unterstützt die Leitbildentwicklung im Biosphärengebiet.Formerly commonly used wooded pastures in the Southern Black Forest are rich in habitats and distinguish Black Forest Biosphere Reserve from other regions. The montane grasslands (especially EU Habitats Directive type 6230*) are threatened by abandonment of traditional low-intensity grazing.
Using dynamic computer simulations, the impacts of future land use and climate change was simulated for Utzenfluh pasture. Grazing-scenarios feature different animal species and breeds in various herd sizes and grazing intensities.
In order to avoid scrub encroachment and loss of structural diversity and pasture habitats, higher grazing pressures are required in the future. Continuous adjustment is necessary in order to control the problematic bracken (Pteridium aquilinum).
The current grazing management with a large herd of goats appears to be critical for maintaining a balanced presence of forest, semi-open, and open habitats in the long-term. Grazing regimes, which proved to restitute open pastures today, may drive pasture-woodlands beyond their resilience in a climate change future.
In contrast, mixed grazing management with cattle and goats in combination with site-specific allocation of the herds appears to be optimal for nature conservation demands. Such a combination of land-use and nature conservation feeds well into the development goals of the Biosphere Reserve
Detection of Local Tissue Reactions after Anti-GnRF Injection in Male Pigs Assessed Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging
No full textThis study aimed at evaluating the local tissue reaction of an anti-GnRF product, which is used for the so called “immunocastration” in male pigs. A total of 34 pigs were injected two times (including a booster injection) with an anti-GnRF product. Injection was performed using the prescribed safety vaccinator. Injection sites were evaluated three times post injection using magnetic resonance imaging. Two examinations were performed after the first injection and one after the booster. The local tissue reaction was evaluated three-dimensionally by semi-automatic analyses, by linear measurements of injection depth and length, and by scoring the kind of tissue affected. Results showed a long-lasting reaction in affected muscle tissue. Therefore, needle length should be discussed, and an evaluation of the injection site after slaughter should be performed include behavioural scorings post injection to evaluate the impact on animal well-being and carcass quality
Assessing Visual Landscape Sensitivity towards Wind Turbines with a Distance Decay Effect: An Exploration of Different GIS Approaches
No full textLarge-Area Empirically Based Visual Landscape Quality Assessment for Spatial Planning—A Validation Approach by Method Triangulation
No full textLarge area visual landscape quality assessment, especially at the national level is needed to answer the demand from strategic planning. In our paper, we describe and compare two recent modelling approaches for this task regarding their theoretical and empirical basis, resolution, model configuration and results. To compare the outcomes of the two methods, both correlation measures and a visual overlay analysing the inversions are used. The results show, that despite the different methodological approaches, in over 90% of the area of Germany there are only minor deviations between the resulting scenic quality maps (less or equal one step on a five-step scale). The main differences occur due to a different relative weight given to terrain and water indicators in the respective methods. We conclude that a methodologically valid scenic quality evaluation using geodata of homogenous quality is possible also at the national level. By triangulating between different methods, for both, the validity could be proven. The datasets elaborated can also be used as a benchmark for regional landscape assessments and for an upcoming monitoring of changes in visual landscape quality
