Vorarlberg University of Applied Sciences
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Biochemical, nutritional, and clinical parameters of vitamin B12 deficiency in infants
Get PDFPooled data from published reports on infants with clinically diagnosed vitamin B12 (B12) deficiency were analyzed with the purpose of describing the presentation, diagnostic approaches, and risk factors for the condition to inform prevention strategies. An electronic (PubMed database) and manual literature search following the PRISMA approach was conducted (preregistration with the Open Science Framework, accessed on 15 February 2023). Data were described and analyzed using correlation analyses, Chi-square tests, ANOVAs, and regression analyses, and 102 publications (292 cases) were analyzed. The mean age at first symptoms (anemia, various neurological symptoms) was four months; the mean time to diagnosis was 2.6 months. Maternal B12 at diagnosis, exclusive breastfeeding, and a maternal diet low in B12 predicted infant B12, methylmalonic acid, and total homocysteine. Infant B12 deficiency is still not easily diagnosed. Methylmalonic acid and total homocysteine are useful diagnostic parameters in addition to B12 levels. Since maternal B12 status predicts infant B12 status, it would probably be advantageous to target women in early pregnancy or even preconceptionally to prevent infant B12 deficiency, rather than to rely on newborn screening that often does not reliably identify high-risk children
Settling time reduction by open-loop control based on parametric anti-resonance
No full textParametric anti-resonance is a phenomenon that occurs in systems with at least two degrees of freedom; this can be achieved by periodically exciting some parameters of the system. The effect of this properly tuned periodicity is to increase the dissipation in the system, which leads to a raising in the effective damping of vibrations. This contribution presents the design of an open-loop control to reduce the settling time using the anti-resonance concept. The control signal consists of a quasi-periodic signal capable of transferring the system’s oscillations from one mode to another mode of the system. The general averaging technique is used to characterize the dynamics, particularly the so-called slow dynamics of motion. With this analysis, the control signal is designed for the potential application of a microelectromechanical sensor arrangement; for this specific example, up to 96.8% reduction of settling time is achieved
X-ray phase-contrast microtomography of soft tissues using a compact laboratory system with two-directional sensitivity
Get PDFX-ray microtomography is a nondestructive, three-dimensional inspection technique applied across a vast range of fields and disciplines, ranging from research to industrial, encompassing engineering, biology, and medical research. Phasecontrast imaging extends the domain of application of x-ray microtomography to classes of samples that exhibit weak attenuation, thus appearing with poor contrast in standard x-ray imaging. Notable examples are low-atomic-number materials, like carbon-fiber composites, soft matter, and biological soft tissues.We report on a compact and cost-effective system for x-ray phase-contrast microtomography. The system features high sensitivity to phase gradients and high resolution, requires a low-power sealed x-ray tube, a single optical element, and fits in a small footprint. It is compatible with standard x-ray detector technologies: in our experiments, we have observed that single-photon counting offered higher angular sensitivity, whereas flat panels provided a larger field of view. The system is benchmarked against knownmaterial phantoms, and its potential for soft-tissue three-dimensional imaging is demonstrated on small-animal organs: a piglet esophagus and a rat heart.We believe that the simplicity of the setupwe are proposing, combined with its robustness and sensitivity, will facilitate accessing quantitative x-ray phase-contrast microtomography as a research tool across disciplines, including tissue engineering, materials science, and nondestructive testing in general
Highly-sensitive single-step sensing of levodopa by swellable microneedle-mounted nanogap sensors
Get PDFMicroneedle (MN) sensing of biomarkers in interstitial fluid (ISF) can overcome the challenges of self-diagnosis of diseases by a patient, such as blood sampling, handling, and measurement analysis. However, the MN sensing technologies still suffer from poor measurement accuracy due to the small amount of target molecules present in ISF, and require multiple steps of ISF extraction, ISF isolation from MN, and measurement with additional equipment. Here, we present a swellable MN-mounted nanogap sensor that can be inserted into the skin tissue, absorb ISF rapidly, and measure biomarkers in situ by amplifying the measurement signals by redox cycling in nanogap electrodes. We demonstrate that the MN-nanogap sensor measures levodopa (LDA), medication for Parkinson disease, down to 100 nM in an aqueous solution, and 1 μM in both the skin-mimicked gelatin phantom and porcine skin
Immersive educational spaces
Get PDF"If only we had had such opportunities to grasp history like this when I was young" – words by an almost 80-year-old woman holding an iPad on which both, the buildings in the background and a tower in the form of a virtual 3D object, appear within reach. To "grasp" history - what an apt use of this action-oriented word for an augmented reality application built on considerations of thinking and acting in history. This telling image emerged during the first test run of the app i.appear which will be the focus of this article's considerations on the use of immersive learning environments. The application i.appear has been used in the city of Dornbirn (Austria) for a year now to teach historical content through location-based augmented reality and other interactive and multimedia technologies. After a brief description of the potential of such applications, the epistemological structure of the hosting app i.appear and its functionality will be outlined. This article will focus on the “Baroque Master Builders” tour of the hosting app that was created and tested as part of the current research
Open tracing tools
Get PDFBackground: Coping with the rapid growing complexity in contemporary software architecture, tracing has become an increasingly critical practice and been adopted widely by software engineers. By adopting tracing tools, practitioners are able to monitor, debug, and optimize distributed software architectures easily. However, with excessive number of valid candidates, researchers and practitioners have a hard time finding and selecting the suitable tracing tools by systematically considering their features and advantages. Objective: To such a purpose, this paper aims to provide an overview of popular Open tracing tools via comparison. Methods: Herein, we first identified 30 tools in an objective, systematic, and reproducible manner adopting the Systematic Multivocal Literature Review protocol. Then, we characterized each tool looking at the 1) measured features, 2) popularity both in peer-reviewed literature and online media, and 3) benefits and issues. We used topic modeling and sentiment analysis to extract and summarize the benefits and issues. Specially, we adopted ChatGPT to support the topic interpretation. Results: As a result, this paper presents a systematic comparison amongst the selected tracing tools in terms of their features, popularity, benefits and issues. Conclusion: The result mainly shows that each tracing tool provides a unique combination of features with also different pros and cons. The contribution of this paper is to provide the practitioners better understanding of the tracing tools facilitating their adoption
Der Einfluss der Digitalisierung auf die nachhaltige Entwicklung
Get PDFDie gemeinsame Betrachtung der zwei Megatrends „Nachhaltigkeit“ und „Digitalisierung“ findet derzeit bedingt in Großunternehmen statt, wenngleich Tomorrow’s Leaders Vorreiterunternehmen in beiden Bereichen sein werden. Die Zielsetzung dieser Masterarbeit besteht darin, den Einfluss der Digitalisierung auf die nachhaltige Entwicklung bei ATX-, DAX- und SMI-Unternehmen zu untersuchen. Auf Basis eines Mixed-Methods-Ansatzes wird quantitativ der lineare Zusammenhang zwischen offengelegten Informationen im Bereich Digitalisierung und dem ESG-Rating bzw. dem Rating der einzelnen ESG-Dimensionen empirisch erforscht. Diese Resultate wurden mithilfe von Experteninterviews vertiefend validiert sowie mit Handlungsempfehlungen für die erfolgreiche Berücksichtigung von Digitainability in Großunternehmen erweitert. Anhand der Regressionsanalyse wurde jedoch kein signifikanter Zusammenhang zwischen offengelegten Digitalisierungsinformationen und dem ESG-Rating sowie E-, S- und G-Rating bzw. eine Scheinkorrelation aufgrund der Marktkapitalisierung als Indikator für die Unternehmensgröße festgestellt. Laut den Experteneinschätzungen sind diese Forschungsergebnisse nachvollziehbar, da Digitalisierung bei Großunternehmen lediglich als Hilfsmittel zur Umsetzung der Nachhaltigkeit wahrgenommen wird. Das aktive Zusammendenken beider Megatrends ist aber aufgrund des regulatorischen Drucks sowie der Wahrung der Wettbewerbsfähigkeit anzutreiben und zu pflegen, womit die formulierten Handlungsempfehlungen als Unterstützung für Großunternehmen dienen