Journal of Advances in Science and Engineering
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A Survey of Smart Grid Systems on Electric Power Distribution Network and Its Impact on Reliability
Get PDFThis paper presents an excerpt of a more comprehensive survey of smart grid systems on electric power distribution networks and its impact on reliability. The survey was carried out as part of the feasibility study in Nigeria to determine its enhance-ability on the smartness of a conventional (traditional) distribution network. A smart grid is not a single technology but multiplex technologies in which the combination of different areas of engineering, communication and energy management systems are done. Consequently, a comprehensive review of various approaches and their impact on reliability of the network is presented. Furthermore, this paper introduces the smart grid technology and its features, reliability impacts and emerging issues and challenges that arise from the smart grid system applications. The benefit of this comprehensive survey is to provide a reference point for educational advancement on the recently published articles in the areas of smart grid systems on electric power distribution network as well as to stimulate further research interest
A Study on the Political Economy of Transforming Indigenous Technology in Nigeria through Appropriate Engineering and Technological Development
Get PDFThis paper examines the political economy of transforming indigenous technology in Nigeria through suitable engineering and technological development. The existing state of position of the indigenous technology with respect to its problems as it affects socio-economic growth, good governance and technological advancement were looked into. After in-depth evaluation, it was mirrored that there were some obstacles in the transformation of the nation’s indigenous technology to meet global standards. Therefore, this paper proposes the 3-I (imitation, improvement and innovation) technological advancement model as the way forward to start spiral process model of technological innovation that will aid the transformation of the indigenous technology to stimulate political-economic and technological advancement of the country. Economic growth will go side by side with technological advancement and national social security but the government is an indispensable entity in the developmental process
Quality Maintenance of Production Equipment: A Case Study of Bendel Feeds and Mills, Ewu, Edo State
Get PDFThis paper analyses the quality maintenance in Bendel Feeds and Mills, Ewu, Edo State, with a view of designing a robust maintenance process and schedule to enhance production equipment in the company. The specific objectives were to determine the failure rate in the company production equipment, establish the appropriate maintenance process needed to reduce failure rate, investigate whether the current material handling methods and practices permit high maintenance turnover and to proffer useful suggestions and ideas on how to effectively maintain production equipment in the company. Data obtained were used to analyse the materials handling equipment failure rate, MTTR, MTBF, availability, failure mode and work station. The results showed that the failure rate is more in bucket elevator equipment than other materials handling equipment. It was observed that the plant organisational structure is area controlled instead of centre controlled organisation, which is one of the problems of the plant maintenance policy adopted by the company. Maintenance of materials handling equipment of the plant can be better achieved through modified planned preventive maintenance, condition base maintenance (predictive) and equipment inspection. This analysis will be of tremendous help to practicing maintenance engineering
Impacts of Weather and Environmental Conditions on Mobile Communication Signals
Get PDFThe impacts of weather and environmental conditions on mobile communication signals were determined in this study. A Glo mobile communication network operating in the 900MHz band was considered. The Glo fixed base transceiver station (BTS) location at Gloworld in Benin City was considered. A frequency-signal tracker software, version 2.5.1 was installed and configured into a notebook Intel palm top, relative parameters data were obtained from 200 meters from the Glo BTS from 28th of July to 31st of August 2016, with data obtained hourly. Morning, afternoon and evening, and dry weather, fog weather and raining conditions was based on the statistical central tendency parameters. The average refractivity gradient observed was -61.3 N/km. It was observed that dry weather, signal strength variation was within 32 dBm, fog, variation was within 34 dBm range, while the variation of rain was within 38 dBm range indicating higher variation. It was observed that the more the mobile station move away from the BTS the higher the signal loss and that temperature and refractivity gradient has 0.50 and 0.42 positive correlations. In addition, relative humidity and pressure possesses negative correlations of -0.50 and -0.44 respectively
Empirical Modelling and Investigation of Solar Panel Tilt Angle Analysis
Get PDFThis paper presents the empirical modelling and investigation of solar panel tilt angle analysis. The aim is to determine the best suitable tilt angle for harvesting the optimal voltage from the solar panel system. Mono-crystalline solar panel with 220W was used to determine the output voltage from the solar panel, along with range of angles measured in degree (from 180 to 90) with responding time in hours (from 11:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m.) towards the East and West hemispherical directions at Ekpoma. The experiment was carried out for duration of one year at Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma (latitude 6.750N and longitude 6.070E).The highest output voltage from solar panel was obtained at 1.00 p.m. for the study location while the total output voltage (2745.32V) obtained from west hemisphere direction was higher than the voltage (2709.06V) obtained from the East hemispherical direction. The best tilt angle suitable for optimal voltage harvest is 10degree. Based on the empirical model deduced, it was observed that the output daily voltage at constant angle exhibits a polynomial distribution pattern with the least error value of 0.269
Robust Stabilisation of Reformer Coupled Tanks
Get PDFDiesel plays a significant role in the energy consumption in most developing countries. It serves as a source of power for the transportation, agricultural and industrial sectors. Diesel is one of the product of the petroleum, being utilised in all types of compression ignition engines as fuel. Hence, the need for reformer tank to manage proper waste is needed to avoid economical loss and environmental damage. The utilisation of reformer tanks in the management of waste energy is of economic and environmental advantage to the nation. This paper presents the use of feedback linearization and back-stepping methods to control the nonlinear reformers tanks in order to achieve robust control and stabilisation of the diesel. The model was transformed to a motion control model and the efficiency of the suggested algorithm was tested. The result showed that the back-stepping controller design is satisfactory not only for the tracking performance but also for the determination of the stability region
Implementation of an Embedded Microcontroller-Based Intrusion Detection System
Get PDFoai:sciengtexopen.org:article/3This paper highlights the implementation of an embedded microcontroller-based intrusion detection system. The PIC16F84A microcontroller embedded in the system was programmed using the MikroC Language for the microcontrollers, to pick up an intrusion signal from the motion sensor, (which interprets the signal to be an electrical signal e.g. voltage), process it and then give a command to the display or output units. The output includes a 16x2 ALPHA liquid crystal display (LCD) and a buzzer (alarm unit), which in turn implement the command thereby notifying the environment of the presence of an intruder by displaying “Intruder Detected!” on the LCD and by a beeping sound with an interval of 0.5s delay by the alarm unit. The system was tested and was found to be efficient and suitable for solving myriad of security issues that confront us in modern times
Low Back Pain and its Assessment among Commercial Fishermen in Agenebode: An Ergonomic Perspective
Get PDFIn a research done amongst commercial fishermen in Agenebode (Lat. 7.11oN, 6.69oE), the problem low back pain is significant in the fishing business. Research information is scarce on the investigation of the ergonomic stress of professional fishing. Moreover, there is no prior analysis, which investigates the relationship between low back stress (LBS) and low back pain (LBP) in fishing activities. This paper aims to measure the LBS during the gillnet and commercial crab fishing activities as well as to verify the correlation between the low back pain occurrences and those stresses reported in study of Agenebode commercial fishermen during the period (April 2017 – July 2017). A sample of 30 commercial fishermen considered in this study were exposed to LBS and the frequency of the fishing activities was assessed using questionnaire with crab pot and gillnet fishermen. The occurrence rate ratios (RR, 95% CI) of low back pain, which interrupted fishing, exposed to the high LBS and self-reported task was modelled on the basis of the multivariate generalised Poisson regression. It was observed that increased rates of low back pain correlates with the percent of time fishermen were exposed to discomforted postures. Handling of heavy loads during the loading and unloading activities generated lifting indices and high compression values, but with little overall work time (<15%). The results establish that neither ergonomic measure nor fishing task frequency alone can accurately predict LBP. Conversely, ageing, history of the LBP and self-selection out of tasks, perhaps, are significant factors that contributes to the LBS and outcomes observe
Cross Site Scripting Attacks in Web-Based Applications
Get PDFWeb-based applications has turn out to be very prevalent due to the ubiquity of web browsers to deliver service oriented application on-demand to diverse client over the Internet and cross site scripting (XSS) attack is a foremost security risk that has continuously ravage the web applications over the years. This paper critically examines the concept of XSS and some recent approaches for detecting and preventing XSS attacks in terms of architectural framework, algorithm used, solution location, and so on. The techniques were analysed and results showed that most of the available recognition and avoidance solutions to XSS attacks are more on the client end than the server end because of the peculiar nature of web application vulnerability and they also lack support for self-learning ability in order to detect new XSS attacks. Few researchers as cited in this paper inculcated the self-learning ability to detect and prevent XSS attacks in their design architecture using artificial neural networks and soft computing approach; a lot of improvement is still needed to effectively and efficiently handle the web application security menace as recommended
Power Loss Determination, Assessment and Enhancement of the Nigerian Power System Network
Get PDFFor sustainability to be recorded in the Nigeria power sector (NPS), there must be a well-integrated system that is not easily prone to failure and is readily available when called into action. The NPS has overtime suffered from degraded infrastructure, policy paralysis to mention but few. However, if the needful is done with respect to identifying weak links in the network and a corresponding fast action in clearing failures along the line(s) then, some remarkable achievements could be recorded. This paper, therefore, carried out power flow analysis using the Newton Raphson Algorithm on the Electrical Transient Analyser Program (ETAP) version 12.6 on the NPS network using Maryland transmission station (MTS), Lagos, Nigeria as a case study. The choice of the location was as a result of the sensitivity of Lagos State in the economic activities of Nigeria. Results from the load flow indicated several voltage violations at load1 bus, load3 bus and load5 bus with magnitudes of 94.51, 94.91 and 94.79 % respectively. Consequently, transformers designated as T2A and T3A were said to have the highest and lowest branch losses of 150.0kW and 18.2kW respectively. Compensation of the losses along the line was carried out using optimal capacitor placement (OCP) subjected to constraints on the ETAP environment. The results from the OCP showed that it optimally sized and placed four capacitor banks on four of the candidate buses, which include load1 bus, load2 bus, load3 bus and load5 bus. An improvement of 2.26%, 1.12%, 1.93%, 1.12% and 2.006% were recorded for load1 bus, load2 bus, load3 bus, load4 bus and load5 bus respectively