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Continuous ozonation treatment of ofloxacin: Transformation products, water matrix effect and aquatic toxicity
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Corrigendum to “Sorption/desorption of non-hydrophobic and ionisable pharmaceutical and personal care products from reclaimed water onto/from a natural sediment” Sci Total Environ 472 (2014) 273–281
No full textModelización del transporte del antibiótico sulfametoxazol durante su infiltración a través de la zona no saturada
No full textSulfamethoxazole, a sulfonamide antibiotic, is worldwide used for human and veterinary applications. Its incomplete removal during conventional wastewater treatment leads to the occurrence of this compound in different water bodies. Water reuse for irrigation or artificial recharge may imply the infiltration of this compound through the unsaturated zone. Static and dynamic laboratory experiments have been carried out to evaluate the behaviour of sulfamethoxazole during infiltration through the unsaturated zone. Synthetic reclaimed water (SRW) and soil from the first centimetres of the unsaturated zone of the Manzanares-Jarama groundwater body recharge area were used for the laboratory experiments. Different sorption models were applied to describe the sorption isotherms from the batch experiments. The transport of sulfamethoxazole through the soil column was modelled using Hydrus 1D. Results show a limited, hysteretic and non-linear sorption of sulfamethoxazole onto the studied soil. The non-linear sorption equilibrium transport model is able to describe the behaviour of sulfamethoxazole. The use of a kinetic transport model does not improve the model fit to the experimental data. Sorption of sulfamethoxazole in the batch experiment is greater than sorption in the column experiment showing some dependency on the experimental conditions. The column experiment demonstrates moderate biodegradability of the antibiotic under aerobic conditions. Considering the obtained results, sulfamethoxazole is a moderate persistent compound whose environmental fate should be thoroughly investigated especially in view to update the priority contaminants list of the Water Framework Directive
El reto de la gestión eficiente de los servicios de agua y energía, aristas de un problema. Una mirada desde República Dominicana
No full textLos servicios de agua potable y saneamiento, y electricidad son indispensables para la mejora de la salud humana, la reducción de la pobreza y la exclusión social, el bienestar, la alimentación, el crecimiento y desarrollo económico, el cambio climático, entre otros. Así, la equidad, eficiencia y sostenibilidad en el acceso a ambos servicios es un requisito previo para el desarrollo sostenible y la consecución de cada uno de estos objetivos. Sin embargo, el acceso en cantidad, calidad y equidad se ve seriamente condicionado por un conjunto de factores que reducen la eficiencia en la prestación de estos servicios, en especial en países en desarrollo. El estudio desarrollado sobre la prestación de los servicios de agua potable y saneamiento, y electricidad en República Dominicana, ha demostrado que existen una serie de variables que afectan la provisión eficiente de estos servicios en el país. Para ello, se ha descrito el estado de situación de la gestión y prestación de estos servicios en el país mediante una sistematización de datos técnicos e información actualizada y una lectura crítica del funcionamiento de los fragmentarios marcos jurídicos, normativos e institucionales que regulan tales servicios. A su vez, partiendo de esta base, se han identificado y caracterizado los factores relevantes en las dimensiones político-institucionales, económicas y sociales, que más allá del tradicional enfoque técnico, afectan la prestación eficiente de estos servicios. Por lo cual, la presente investigación constituye una base que permitirá a los investigadores y tomadores de decisiones seguir reflexionando sobre cómo mejorar la prestación de estas necesidades básica
Strategies for reducing the start-up operation of Microbial Electrochemical Treatments of urban wastewater
No full textMicrobial electrochemical technologies (METs) constitute the core of a number of emerging technologies with a high potential for treating urban wastewater due to a fascinating reaction mechanism—the electron transfer between bacteria and electrodes to transform metabolism into electrical current. In the current work, we focus on the model electroactive microorganism Geobacter sulfurreducens to explore both the design of new start-up procedures and electrochemical operations. Our chemostat-grown plug and play cells, were able to reduce the start-up period by 20-fold while enhancing chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal by more than 6-fold during this period. Moreover, a filter-press based bioreactor was successfully tested for both acetate-supplemented synthetic wastewater and real urban wastewater. This proof-of-concept pre-pilot treatment included a microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) followed in time by a microbial fuel cell (MFC) to finally generate electrical current of ca. 20 A·m−2 with a power of 10 W·m−2 while removing 42 g COD day−1·m−2. The effective removal of acetate suggests a potential use of this modular technology for treating acetogenic wastewater where Geobacter sulfurreducens outcompetes other organisms
Price Volatility and Water Demand in Agriculture. A Case Study of the Guadalquivir River Basin (Spain)
No full textPhotovoltaic and photocatalytic performance study of SOLWAT system for the degradation of Methylene Blue, Acid Red 26 and 4-Chlorophenol
No full textThe SOLWAT system is a combined system for solar water purification and renewable electricity generation. Its photovoltaic and photocatalytic performance, along with the photovoltaic (PV) electricity production was studied under the degradation of three different pollutants: Methylene Blue, Acid Red 26 and 4-Chlorophenol in present paper. The spectrum loss of the system was analyzed theoretically. Spectral transmittance experiments with different medium were conducted and compared with the results of outdoor experiments. The photovoltaic performance of the SOLWAT system was studied comparatively by measuring the Pm and Isc under actual climatic conditions with a reference PV system. To investigate the photocatalytic performance of the SOLWAT system, the degradation of sample pollutants were detected by analyzing the UV absorption and the TOC. In the presence of the additional wastewater layer, PV cells in the SOLWAT system could work under lower temperature. Depending on the spectral absorption of pollutants, if it is within the spectral response of the PV cell, the electricity output is affected by the pollutant degradation (Methylene Blue, Acid Red 26). When the spectral absorption of pollutant is out of the spectral response of the cell, the PV output is not affected by the contaminant degradation (4-Chlorophenol). The output power of SOLWAT system, though decreased due to the light absorption, was sufficient to drive the whole system. The degradation of sample pollutants was detected by analyzing the UV absorption and the TOC to investigate the photocatalytic performance of the SOLWAT system. For the wastewater with different initial concentrations, the decolorization rate ran up above 99% and the mineralization rate was above 80%
