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Understanding the regioselectivity of Michael addition reactions to asymmetric divinylic compounds
No full textIn the present paper, we describe the synthesis of novel monomers prepared by regioselective Michael addition
to asymmetric divinylic compounds. This chemoselectivity was experimentally studied employing different
reaction conditions and theoretically calculated using chemical global and local descriptors. The global
reactivity data show that incoming nucleophilic secondary amines preferentially attack the acrylic derived
units acrylate and acrylamide, while deactivated methacrylate and N-vinyl-pyrrolidone require harder reaction
conditions, which leads to the formation of by-products. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the presence of
two vinyl units within a studied divinylic agent leads to a significant increase in its global reactivity parameters.
Besides, the local reactivity parameters of asymmetric divinyl compounds show a preference for an attack at
the Cb of activated units compared to the Cb center of deactivated units. Based on these results, asymmetric
divinyl compounds are very interesting starting materials for the preparation of new functionalized monomers
Scenario Development. Deliverable 7.2, AQUACROSS, European Union’s Horizon 2020 Framework Programme for Research and Innovation Grant Agreement No. 642317
No full textSeparating the UV and thermal components during real-time solar disinfection experiments: The effect of temperature
No full textTo understand the real effect of temperature during the solar disinfection (SODIS) process when using real water, a series of experiments were conducted to separate both the UV and thermal inactivation components of SODIS independently at real-time experiments using natural water that might contain nutrients. Three flat disinfection reactors were set up simultaneously, one subjected to SODIS (UV radiation
+ temperature), one subjected to natural UV radiation but with controlled temperature below 15 ºC (only UV radiation), and the third one in the dark subjected to the same temperature profile followed by the SODIS reactor under the sun (only temperature). E. coli and Enterococcus spp were the analysed microorganisms. Strong climatic conditions were achieved (>850 W/m2 global irradiance, 45 W/m2 average
UV irradiance), and maximum water temperatures reached 39.8–48.9 ºC. Microbiological results show strong synergy of UV and temperature when the latter is above 45 ºC, as expected. Below 40 ºC, the optical (UV-only) and SODIS experiments followed the same disinfection kinetics. But in the band 40–45 ºC, under not so strong or non-continuous UV conditions, the SODIS process slowed down in comparison
with the optical process (UV-only), and the thermal reactor experience microbial growth. Thus, this study confirms that there are certain temperatures (those in the range around the optimum microbial growth temperature) that might impair solar disinfection
Paisaje y patrimonio hidráulico. Metodología para la adaptación y puesta en valor de espacios abiertos en el municipio de Cofrentes (Comunidad Valenciana)
No full textMechanism of formation of hollow fiber membranes for membrane distillation: 1. Inner coagulation power effect on morphological characteristics
No full text
Coupling dark fermentation and microbial electrolysis to enhance bio-hydrogen production from agro-industrial wastewaters and by-products in a bio-refinery framework
No full textThe aim of this work is to evaluate biohydrogen production from agro-industrial wastewaters and by-products, by combining dark fermentation and microbial electrolysis in a two-step cascade process. Such coupling of both technologies constitutes a technological building block within a concept of environmental biorefinery where sustainable production of renewable energy is expected.
Six different wastewaters and industrial by-products coming from cheese, fruit juice, paper, sugar, fruit processing and spirits factories were evaluated for the feasibility of hydrogen production in a two-step process. The overall hydrogen production when coupling dark fermentation and microbial electrolysis was increased up to 13 times when compared to fermentation alone, achieving a maximum overall hydrogen yield of 1608.6 ± 266.2 mLH2/gCODconsumed and a maximum of 78.5 ± 5.7% of COD removal.
These results show that dark fermentation coupled with microbial electrolysis is a highly promising option to maximize the conversion of agro-industrial wastewaters and by-products into bio-hydrogen
Bioelectroventing: cleaning up polluted sites using electrodes to stimulate Microbial remediation activities
No full textLa electroquímica microbiana es una disciplina emergente basada en las interacciones entre microorganismos y materiales conductores de la electricidad. Todas las tecnologías fundamentadas en este principio se denominan "Tecnologías Electroquímicas Microbianas". Una de las aplicaciones de estos sistemas consiste en utilizar los electrodos como aceptores o donadores de electrones para eliminar contaminantes. Los sistemas diseñados con este propósito se denominan específicamente Celdas de Electro-Recuperación Microbiana y en esta tesis se han utilizado para superar la limitación de aceptores de electrones y maximizar la oxidación metabólica, mejorando así la biodegradación de contaminantes en el medio ambiente. En concreto se ha trabajado con 3 contaminantes y 3 matrices diferentes: dibenzotiofeno (hidrocarburo aromático policíclico) en un suelo de arrozal típicamente anegado, isoproturón (herbicida) en un suelo agrícola y sulfametazina (antibiótico) en purines ganaderos. Este proceso de suministrar electrodos para estimular el metabolismo oxidativo de las poblaciones microbianas ambientales se denomina ¿bioelectroventilación¿. El uso de esta estrategia ha revelado a las Celdas de Electro-Recuperación Microbiana como una tecnología versátil, de fácil control y ambientalmente sostenible para limpiar ambientes contaminados, con un alto potencial para ser aplicada en procesos de biorrecuperación in situ