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Impacto del uso de astillas de madera como enmienda al suelo en un filtro verde piloto: Contaminantes de Preocupación Emergente
No full textThe soil application of pre-treated wastewater takes advantage of natural attenuation processes to treat wastewater while providing several environmental benefits. However, this practice may introduce Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CECs) into the environment. The present study evaluates the attenuation of CECs during their infiltration through soil and soil amended with woodchips, in columns at laboratory-scale and in a pilot vegetation filter (VF). While in the soil column with woodchips, a decrease in the removal of target CECs is observed, in the VF, their attenuation improves when soil is amended with woodchips. It should be noted that VF results show a greater variability in the attenuation of CECs due to variables that at laboratory-scale were constant, such as initial concentration, irrigation loads or temperature
Economic data related to the implementation of the Water Framework Directive and the Floods Directive and the financing of measures. Final study.
No full textNovel housing designs for nanofiltration and ultrafiltration gravity-driven recycled membrane-based systems
No full textMicrobial Desalination Cells for Low Energy Drinking Water
No full textThe world's largest demonstrator of a revolutionary energy system in desalination for drinking water production is in operation. MIDES uses Microbial Desalination Cells (MDC) in a pre-treatment step for reverse osmosis (RO), for simultaneous saline stream desalination and wastewater treatment.
MDCs are based on bio-electro-chemical technology, in which biological wastewater treatment can be coupled to the desalination of a saline stream using ion exchange membranes without external energy input. MDCs simultaneously treat wastewater and perform desalination using the energy contained in the wastewater. In fact, an MDC can produce around 1.8 kWh of bioelectricity from the energy contained in 1 m3 of wastewater. Compared to traditional RO, more than 3 kWh/m3 of electrical energy is saved. With this novel technology, two low-quality water streams (saline stream, wastewater) are transformed into two high-quality streams (desalinated water, treated wastewater) suitable for further uses.
An exhaustive scaling-up process was carried out in which all MIDES partners worked together on nanostructured electrodes, antifouling membranes, electrochemical reactor design and optimization, life cycle assessment, microbial electrochemistry and physiology expertise, and process engineering and control. The roadmap of the lab-MDC upscaling goes through the assembly of a pre-pilot MDC, towards the development of the demonstrator of the MDC technology (patented). Nominal desalination rate between 4-11 Lm-2h-1 is reached with a current efficiency of 40 %. After the scalability success, two MDC pilot plants were designed and constructed consisting of one stack of 15 MDC pilot units with a 0.4 m2 electrode area per unit.
This book presents the information generated throughout the EU funded MIDES project and includes the latest developments related to desalination of sea water and brackish water by applying microbial desalination cells
The embodiment of wastewater data for the estimation of illicit drug consumption in Spain
No full textHigh-Flux Thin Film Composite PIM-1 Membranes for Butanol Recovery: Experimental Study and Process Simulations
No full textDesigning biopolymer-based artificial peroxidase for oxidative removal of dibenzothiophene from a model diesel fuel
No full textExploring METland Technology: treating wastewater by integrating electromicrobiology into Nature-based Solutions
No full textEl agua, además de ser fuente de vida, es un factor indispensable para un desarrollo social, económico y medioambiental. Actualmente, el uso global de agua se ha multiplicado por seis en los últimos 100 años, y continúa aumentando. Lo que antes era un bien de primera necesidad accesible a la mayoría de la población, ahora ha llegado a cotizar en bolsa (Nasdaq Veles California Water Index) para poder comprar el derecho a usarlo en el futuro. Una de las medidas urgentes que se han adoptado a nivel mundial está recogida en la Agenda 2030 de las Naciones Unidas. En ella se establecen los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible, entre los que se encuentra el ¿garantizar la disponibilidad de agua y su ordenación y saneamiento sostenible¿. Es en este contexto donde las Soluciones basadas en la Naturaleza (NBS, por sus siglas en inglés) pueden aportar una alternativa para el tratamiento de aguas residuales. Los humedales construidos constituyen un tipo de NBS basados en la creación de unas condiciones óptimas para el desarrollo de bacterias capaces de eliminar los contaminantes del agua. Además, cuentan con una vegetación específica que aporta soporte físico y biogeoquímico de la comunidad microbiana, lo que permite que sea un ecosistema muy resiliente. La electroquímica microbiana es una disciplina emergente que estudia la interacción entre microorganismos y materiales conductores de la electricidad. Su vertiente más aplicada está representada por las Tecnologías Electroquímicas Microbianas (METs, por sus siglas en inglés). Estos sistemas aprovechan el mecanismo de transferencia extracelular (EET) que presentan las bacterias electroactivas para convertir la energía química, almacenada en los contaminantes del agua, en corriente eléctrica. Una de las METs con mayor impacto ambiental son los METland®. El término nace de la incorporación de las METs a los humedales (wetlands) construidos con el objetivo de intensificar esta tecnología; es decir, aumentar la eficiencia de tratamiento de contaminantes del agua residual por unidad de superficie. El lecho de los METland® es de material carbonoso conductor de la electricidad, lo que permite que las bacterias electroactivas, como Geobacter, lo utilicen como aceptor terminal de electrones (TEA) extracelular. Esta fuente inagotable de TEA estimula el metabolismo oxidativo de las bacterias, incrementando la oxidación de contaminantes Esta tesis ha explorado la denominada tecnología METland®, operándola siempre en condiciones de anegación, donde los procesos anaerobios cobran más importancia
Microbial electrochemical fluidized bed reactor (ME-FBR): An energy-efficient advanced solution for treating real brewery wastewater with different initial organic loading rates.
No full textElectroactive bacteria are able to evolve strategies to transfer electrons with electroconductive materials. The boundaries of using electroactive bacteria to scale up wastewater treatments indicate the necessity to evaluate some of the most critical design and operational aspects. In this context, we have explored a concept so-called microbial electrochemical fluidized bed reactor (ME-FBR) for optimizing treatment of brewery wastewater by evaluating the anode potential, from + 200 mV to + 800 mV (vs. Ag/AgCl, 3 M reference electrode), in a vast range of Organic Loading Rate (OLR;0.23 kg COD/m3 d−1 to 23.60 kg COD/m3 d−1). Furthermore, the impact of the cathode nature (stainless steel mesh and sponge) and the electroconductive bed volume was evaluated regarding the wastewater treatment capacity. This manuscript reveals a positive impact on the ME-FBR capacity for treating wastewater: COD removal (87%) and nutrient removal (66% of TN and 75% of TP). Finally, the treatment energy consumption was always under 0.4 kWh Kg CODremoved−1 which was 10-fold lower than the required energy for aerating bioreactors from conventional activated sludge or membrane reactors
Desalination of brackish water using a microbial desalination cell: Analysis of the electrochemical behaviour
No full textA microbial desalination cell (MDC) is a microbial fuel cell (MFC) integrated with an electrodialysis (ED) cell in the same device to simultaneously treat wastewater, desalinate brackish or seawater, and produce electric energy. Most previously reported studies used oxygen reduction as the primary cathodic reaction. In contrast, we have explored brackish water desalination (7 g L−1) and energy production using a laboratory MDC system (cross-section 100 cm2, batch mode) and ferricyanide as the catholyte. Furthermore, a rational explanation of desalination performance when using a catholyte is presented, and, additionally, the impact of producing electrical energy on desalination performance is discussed. Interestingly, conductivity variation in the saline chamber can be used to predict electrochemical performance. In summary, this study provides the basis for the development, design, and optimisation of low-energy desalination using MDC technology