Research Papers in Economics
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Follow the Leader? Evidence on European and US Tax Competition
No full textThis article breaks from the previous empirical literature that estimates Nash tax reaction functions of national governments competing with other national governments assuming that competitors play a Nash game and adjust to a Nash equilibrium in every year. We question this assumption and explore whether one country plays a leadership role in tax competition using data from 1968 to 2008. We test the leadership role of the United States, the United Kingdom, and Germany, and find support for a US leadership role. We also investigate whether countries react differently immediately after watershed tax reforms such as the 1986 US Tax Reform Act or the 1984 UK tax reform. We find some support for a different reaction to the United States following the 1986 US reform, but not for the United Kingdom or Germany.tax competition; corporate taxes; international taxatio
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Website Content Features Using Retrospective Pretest Methodology
No full textBackground and Objectives:In order to assess website content effectiveness (WCE), investigations have to be made into whether the reception of website contents leads to a change in the characteristics of website visitors or not. Because randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are not always the method of choice, researchers may have to follow other strategies such as using retrospective pretest methodology (RPM), a straightforward and easy-to-implement tool for estimating intervention effects. This article aims to introduce RPM in the context of website evaluation and test its viability under experimental conditions.Method:Building on the idea that RCTs deliver unbiased estimates of the true causal effects of website content reception, I compared the performance of RPM with that of an RCT within the same study. Hence, if RPM provides effect estimates similar to those of the RCT, it can be considered a viable tool for assessing the effectiveness of the website content features under study.Results and Conclusions:RPM was capable of delivering comparatively resilient estimates of the effects of a YouTube video and a text feature on knowledge and attitudes. With regard to all of the outcome variables considered, the differences between the sizes of the effects estimated by the RCT and RPM were not significant. Additionally, RPM delivered relatively accurate effect size estimates in most of the cases. Therefore, I conclude that RPM could be a viable alternative for assessing WCE in cases where RCTs are not the preferred method.retrospective pretest; website effectiveness; website evaluatio
Integrating Human Factors Engineering and Information Processing Approaches to Facilitate Evaluations in Criminal Justice Technology Research
No full textBackground:Evaluations are routinely conducted by government agencies and research organizations to assess the effectiveness of technology in criminal justice. Interdisciplinary research methods are salient to this effort. Technology evaluations are faced with a number of challenges including (1) the need to facilitate effective communication between social science researchers, technology specialists, and practitioners, (2) the need to better understand procedural and contextual aspects of a given technology, and (3) the need to generate findings that can be readily used for decision making and policy recommendations.Objectives:Process and outcome evaluations of technology can be enhanced by integrating concepts from human factors engineering and information processing. This systemic approach, which focuses on the interaction between humans, technology, and information, enables researchers to better assess how a given technology is used in practice.Subjects:Examples are drawn from complex technologies currently deployed within the criminal justice system where traditional evaluations have primarily focused on outcome metrics. Although this evidence-based approach has significant value, it is vulnerable to fully account for human and structural complexities that compose technology operations.Conclusions:Guiding principles for technology evaluations are described for identifying and defining key study metrics, facilitating communication within an interdisciplinary research team, and for understanding the interaction between users, technology, and information. The approach posited here can also enable researchers to better assess factors that may facilitate or degrade the operational impact of the technology and answer fundamental questions concerning whether the technology works as intended, at what level, and cost.human factors engineering; criminal justice technology; evidence-based criminology; research collaboratio
Interethnic Violence, Separatism and Political Reconciliation in Turkey and Indonesia
No full textThis comparative article discusses the local dynamics of interethnic violence and separatist movement in Turkey and Indonesia, and examines the role of the central governments in these two countries in responding to, and resolving, the conflict and separatism. More specifically, the article focuses on Turkish–Kurdish conflict and Indonesian–Acehnese violence, and explores perspectives of the secessionist groups of Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK) and Free Aceh Movement (GAM) with regard to the quest of justice and conciliation. The heart of this article is to investigate the dynamics of micropolitics of political reconciliation and attempts at conflict resolution and peacebuilding between Ankara and PKK as well as Jakarta and GAM aiming at identifying the root causes underlying Turkey’s failure and Indonesia’s success in addressing their ethnic problems.Conflict resolution; peacebuilding; political reconciliation; Kurd; Turkey; Aceh; Indonesi
Environmental Movements in India
No full textThe study of environmental movements has become one of the important discourses in academics and it has a number of aspects. This article investigates the determinant factors of success and failure of environmental movements in India based on a comparative analysis of the colonial regime, postindependence regime, and the more recent era of liberalization. During the colonial period, all the movements were suppressed by the authoritarian British regime except the movement in Kumaun and Garhwal, due to its strategic importance as a border region. Similarly, the democratic regime of India suppressed many movements in the early postindependence era. However, starting in the mid-1970s, environmental movements began to achieve some success, when these movements were supported by various national and international human rights groups, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and activists. The movements during the 1960s and 1970s were suppressed by the democratic state, because they did not have this kind of support. The factors that were responsible for the success of the environmental movements in the late 1970s and 1980s have not produced as much success in the more recent era of liberalization. The rising nexus and collaboration between the state and multinational corporations have led to the suppression of more recent environmental movements and those that have been successful have received strong support from opposition political parties.environmental movements; ecological degradation; liberalization; tribals; Indi
The Impact of the CAP on Agriculture and Rural Areas of EU Member States
No full textThe article presents the main aspects of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) while also exploring the contextual parameters and impact on agriculture and rural areas of the European Union (EU) member states. CAP is one of the most important policies of the EU, having for decades occupied the major share of the region’s budget and had profound effects on farm structures, agricultural employment and rural areas, as well as wider economic, social, political, environmental and cultural implications, for old and new member states. The article is organized in five sections. The introductory section offers a brief account of the basic dimensions of the newly reformed CAP, which suggest how the CAP is destined to evolve in the near future. The next section is dedicated to the analysis of farm structures, agricultural and regional employment, agricultural incomes and regional development. The third section deals with the evolution of the CAP objectives, as well as the drivers connected to the recent CAP reforms. Next, there is a comprehensive presentation of the CAP impact on agriculture and rural areas of the member states. Finally, a number of conclusions are drawn regarding the path dependency of the CAP and its continued inefficiency on lowering social and spatial inequalities in rural areas.rural development; CAP reforms; inequalities; agricultural employment; farm structures; path dependenc
Modeling a response function to frequency of advertising
No full textIn this paper we study the impact of the frequency of advertising on the product sales We introduce response function and postulate its properties Parametric classes of functions which can serve as response functions are suggested We use real data on advertising impact to estimate response functions and discuss their propertiesFrequency of advertising; response functio
SOME ASPECTS AND FEATURES OF TOURISM MANAGEMENT IN MACEDONIA
No full textThe importance of human recourseс management is important in every field of work and in every enterprise, especially in enterprises operating in the tourism sector. We underline this because the tourism commercial sector is mainly based and depends on qualified human potentialwhich will be correctly managed. The same applies to the question of the human resources management in Republic of Macedonia. The employees in tourism field have to be enabled and qualified to fulfil all future requests and standards connected with their working performances. The specificity of our companies included in the tourist sector is the fact that there are small companies operating according to the number of employees; in such cases, the managers commonly do not perform only the leadership function only, but in most cases there is an overlapping with the executive function. For these reasons, it is hard to discuss a classical type of management because, as we mentioned, the Macedonian companies compared to those from more developed countries, are different in their size, and therefore in their style of management.management; human resources; tourism; education; leadershi
The readability of international illustration of auditor’s report: An advanced refl ection on the compromise between normative principles and linguistic requirements
No full textThe independent auditors periodically publish reports that summarize the audit results. These reports reinforce the financial communication and reliability of accounting information. International Standards on Auditing (ISA) determine the content of audit reports and the quality of audit results. Theoretically, the audit standardization must model intelligible and clear reports for readers. Compliance with linguistic principles contributes to the improvement of the structure of audit reports. In practice, the effectiveness of these reports is criticized because users do not understand the audit information. In order to improve the content of audit reports, International Federation of Accountants (IFAC) had revised International Standards on Auditor’s report: ISA 700: Forming an opinion and reporting on financial statements. Linguistically, standardized audit reports could be unreadable by many users of financial statements. This article discusses the linguistic problems related to the preparation of reports. This discussion focuses on the audit reports which are illustrated by the International Standards on Auditing. The results show that in the presence of conflicting requirements (auditing standards versus linguistic principles), independent auditors must optimize the presentation of their reports.Auditing; International auditors’ reports; ISA 700; Content of audits; Understandability; Readability and determinants of legibilit
