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Le diapir de Sorine, un témoin de 150 Ma de tectonique salifère (Sisteron, Bassin du Sud-Est, France)
No full textInternational audienceLe rôle des évaporites dans la formation des chaînes de montagnes et dans le développement des bassins d’avant-pays a fait l’objet de nombreuses études, leur évolution étant fortement contrôlée par la présence de structures héritées et d’évaporites pré-orogéniques. L’Europe de l’Ouest, et plus particulièrement les Alpes du Sud-Ouest, est caractérisée par le développement de basins salifères (évaporites du Keuper) liés à l’extension téthysienne. Au cours du Méso-Cénozoïque, ces évaporites ont été remobilisées de nombreuses fois et en différents endroits du bassin d’avant-pays. Ainsi, plusieurs phases de tectoniques salifères ont été identifiées depuis le Lias jusqu’au Miocène à partir de l’étude de structures salifères à l’échelle régionale. Néanmoins, compte tenu de l’enregistrement sédimentaire souvent incomplet, la succession de ces phases en un même lieu n’est que rarement observée.La structure salifère triasique de Sorine (Sisteron, Bassin du Sud-Est) située sur des frontières structurales entre le bassin mésozoïque Vocontien à l’ouest et le bassin d’avant-pays alpin à l’est, présente l’enregistrement sédimentaire le plus complet de la région (du Bajocien au Pliocène). Ceci en fait un objet clé pour la compréhension de l’histoire salifère de la région bien qu’il n’ait jamais été étudié. Récemment, des évidences de diapirisme ont été démontrées à proximité de ce diapir à l’Oligocène (Hamon et al., 2023).Une approche multi-outils combinant géologie de terrain, pour caractériser l’évolution tectono-sédimentaire des séries, et analyses en laboratoire (XRF, isotopes du Strontium, datation U/Pb sur carbonates) a permis de mettre en évidence de multiples phases de diapirisme depuis le Jurassique Supérieur (et possiblement depuis le Lias). Cette halocinèse est associée aux grandes déformations extensives ayant réactivé les failles héritées présentes dans la région (1) au Jurassique avec l’ouverture téthysienne, (2) au Crétacé inférieur avec l’ouverture de l’Océan Atlantique et (3) à l’Oligocène avec l’extension ouest européenne. Ceci démontre les liens étroits entre les déformations locales et la géodynamique régionale de cette partie des Alpes
Revealing the Auxetic Behavior of Biomimetic Multimaterial and Region‐Specific Nanofibrous Fascicle‐Inspired Scaffolds via Synchrotron Multiscale Digital Volume Correlation: Innovative Building Blocks for the Enthesis Regeneration
No full textInternational audienceAbstract Enthesis lesions are one of the prevalent causes of injuries in the tendon tissue. The gradient of mineralization, extracellular matrix organization and auxetic mechanical properties, make enthesis regeneration challenging. Innovative electrospun fascicle‐inspired nanofibrous poly(L‐lactic)acid/collagen type I blend scaffolds are developed. Specifically, a mineralized fibrocartilage‐inspired region (with/without nano‐mineralization with hydroxyapatite), where random and aligned nanofibers coexist, is connected to a tendon‐like region made of aligned nanofibers, through a conical non‐mineralized fibrocartilage‐inspired junction. Scanning electron microscopy and synchrotron X‐ray nano‐tomography show the morphological biomimicry of scaffolds with the natural tendon fascicles. Cultures of human mesenchymal stromal cell spheroids confirm a balanced expression of both tendon, cartilage, and bone markers on the non‐mineralized scaffolds compared with the mineralized ones. Mechanical tests, at different physiological strain‐rates, reveal a biomimetic mechanical behavior of scaffolds and the ability of junctions to tune the mechanics of their surrounding sites. Multiscale synchrotron in situ tensile tests, coupled with digital volume correlation, elucidate the full‐field strain distribution of scaffolds from the structural down to the nanofiber level, highlighting the auxetic mechanical behavior of junctions typical of the natural enthesis. The findings and cutting‐edge investigations of this study suggest the suitability of these enthesis‐inspired fascicles as innovative scaffolds for enhanced enthesis regeneration
The importance of strongly coupling human activity, appliance use and electricity tariffs for load curve simulation in the residential sector
No full textInternational audienceActivity-based approaches for modeling residential energy consumption are actively being developed. However, these approaches rarely consider the impact of electricity tariffs on occupant behavior and energy use. We present an agent-based model of activity and energy consumption in which electricity tariffs influence behaviors, appliance use, and appliance control. Our results show that the model adequately reproduces load curve dynamics when compared to real consumption data from households with electric domestic hot water. We then illustrate the model’s capabilities through a prospective case study examining changes in the temporal placement of off-peak hours
Experimental and Numerical Study of Film Boiling Around a Small Nickel Sphere
No full textInternational audienceThis work—mixing an original experimental approach, as well as numerical simulations—proposes to study film boiling modes around a small nickel sphere. While dealing with a simple looking phenomenon that is found in many industrial processes and has been solved for basic quenching regimes, we focus on describing precisely how vapor formation and film thicknesses, as well as vapor bubble evacuation, affect cooling kinetics. As instrumenting small spheres may lead to experimental inaccuracies, we optically captured, using a high-speed camera, the vapor film thickness at mid height, the vapor bubble volume, and the bubble detachment frequency, along with the heat flux. More precisely, an estimation of the instant sphere temperature, in different conditions, was obtained through cooling time measurement before the end of the film boiling mode, subsequently facilitating heat flux evaluation. We encountered a nearly linear decrease in both the vapor film thickness and vapor bubble volume as the sphere temperature decreased. Notably, the detachment frequency remained constant across the whole temperature range. The estimation of the heat fluxes confirmed the prevalence of conduction as the primary heat transfer mode; a major portion of the energy was spent increasing the liquid temperature. The results were then compared to finite element simulations using an in-house multiphysics solver, including thermic phase changes (liquid to vapor) and their hydrodynamics, and we also captured the interfaces. While presenting a challenge due to the contrast in densities and viscosities between phases, the importance of the small circulations along them, which improve the heat removal in the liquid phase, was highlighted; we also assessed the suitability of the model and the numerical code for the simulation of such quenching cases when subcooling in the vicinity of a saturation temperature
The Rise of “Alone Teamwork”. Unveiling the Transformations in the Creation Process of Artists Using Generative Artificial Intelligence Tools
No full textInternational audienceThe integration of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) tools is transforming the cultural and creative industries. These tools challenge traditional conceptions of creativity and redefine collaborative human-AI artistic processes. This study introduces the concept of “Alone Teamwork”, where artists utilize GenAI as digital partners in their creation process, blending changes in the traditional human-AI cooperative organizations. Through an inductive qualitative study of nine active GenAI users, this research identifies key cognitive barriers, evolving collaboration dynamics, and emerging co-design practices. The findings highlight how GenAI reshapes inspiration by offering structured knowledge and data-driven prompts (1), alters collaboration, fostering debates on its benefits and limitations (2), enables co-design, functioning as a simulated digital creative partner (3) and the necessity of coordination to uphold artistic integrity and authorship (4). This study contributes to the discourse on the impact of AI on artistic production, offering insights for practitioners, policymakers, and educators regarding the ethical, technical, and creative implications of GenAI adoption in the cultural and creative industries
Une généalogie performative des Industries Créatives et implications pour les politiques publiques
No full textInternational audienceThis chapter offers an original genealogy of the “Creative Industries”, a term that has developed since its inception in the late 20th century as a policy tool to foster economic growth and innovation. We trace the roots of the concept through three distinct collective action models: the cultural-dissemination of Renaissance patronage, the knowledge-intermediation systems of medieval monasticism, and the product-crafting guilds of the late Middle Ages. By analyzing their historical contexts, we reveal the performative intentions behind policies supporting creative organizations. We then explore the shift in policies from supporting small-scale, unique production to fostering large-scale replicability, transitioning from state-controlled cultural approaches in the mid-20th century to market-driven models in the late 20th century, ultimately culminating in the current emphasis on “Creative Industries” within a knowledge economyknowledge economy framework. Finally, the chapter critiques the current knowledge economy framework, which prioritizes economic scalability over cultural sustainability. It calls for rethinking policies to address key challenges such as the undervaluation of culture-driven organizations, the erosion of knowledge diversity, and the lack of autonomous industrial production. Emphasizing the concept of “creative sovereignty”, it proposes an inclusive policy agenda that integrates cultural, economic, and strategic considerations to ensure the resilience of creative organizations
Produire, stocker et utiliser l’hydrogène, synthèse du projet HyTrend
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Recent advancements in designing high-performance proton exchange membrane fuel cells: A comprehensive review
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La régulation émotionnelle en contexte de changement organisationnel : l'apport de l'attention aux expériences vécues
No full textInternational audienceDigital transformation of organizations represents a complex and uncertain organizational change, in which emotional stakes and emotion management processes are essential to understand. We position our work within the theoretical framework of emotion regulation in the context of change, aiming to identify the factors that explain its effectiveness. Drawing on a case study of the transformation of a large French industrial company, we analyze the emotion regulation efforts initiated within the organization, involving multiple groups of actors, and how these efforts are received by operational teams in light of their lived experiences of change. We identify two key factors influencing the effectiveness of emotion regulation, expressed in terms of distance between actors: the distance in interests—whether oriented toward change or continuity—and the distance from operational roles. The concept of Temporal-Occupational Distance emerges as a moderator of emotion regulation efforts in organizations, contributing to the distribution of roles among different actor groups within such initiatives.La transformation digitale des organisations représente un changement organisationnel complexe et incertain dans lequel les enjeux émotionnels et les processus de gestion des émotions apparaissent essentiels à comprendre. Nous nous inscrivons dans le champ théorique de la régulation émotionnelle en contexte de changement afin de comprendre les facteurs expliquant son efficacité. En mobilisant un cas de transformation d'une grande entreprise industrielle française, nous analysons les efforts de régulation émotionnelle initiés au sein de l'organisation mettant en jeu plusieurs groupes d'acteurs et leur réception par les métiers opérationnels, à l'aune de leurs expériences vécues du changement. Nous trouvons deux facteurs intervenant sur l'efficacité de la régulation émotionnelle s'exprimant en termes de distance entre acteurs, la distance entre l'intérêt des acteurs, orientés vers le changement ou la continuité de l'activité, et la distance aux métiers. La notion de Distance Temporalité -Métier émerge comme modérateur des efforts de régulation émotionnelle dans les organisations, et contribue à distribuer la place des différents groupes d'acteurs dans de tels dispositifs