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Maintenance
No full textInternational audienceThere is nothing original in stating that architecture is a matter of time. Architects deal withand dream of -duration. And architecture is one of the primary ways through which humans intentionally inscribe a lasting and visible presence in the world. This enduring presence occurs through a very specific vehicle, the vehicle of art and creation, which means that the duration at play in architecture is a projected one. It is mainly imagined, calculated and modelled "upstream" during the complex and uncertain process of design. It is delegated to shapes and materials that, once assembled, are entrusted with the duty of lasting on their own. This is not so simple, though. Anyone who has spent a few days walking in a city or a few years living in a building, knows that no house, no skyscraper, no monument and no infrastructure can endure by itself. For these things to actually last, they must be cared for (see Denis and Pontille 2025). Indeed, most of them are inspected, monitored, repaired, cleaned or serviced by a host of people, whether qualified or not, on a daily basis. Yet, this cast of maintainers doesn't seem to belong to the world of architecture and architects. Their stories do not fit among those of creativity and material sturdiness. Maintenance is the dirty secret of both architecture and modernity
De la prospective à la sobriété : planifier en temps de dérèglement climatique
No full textInternational audienc
Vertex and front-tracking methods for the modeling of microstructure evolution at the solid state: a brief review
No full textIn mesoscopic scale microstructure evolution modeling, two primary numerical frameworks are used: Front-Capturing (FC) and Front-Tracking (FT) ones. FC models, like phase-field or level-set methods, indirectly define interfaces by tracking field variable changes. On the contrary, FT models explicitly define interfaces using interconnected segments or surfaces. In historical FT methodologies, Vertex models were first developed and consider the description of the evolution of polygonal structures in terms of the motion of points where multiple boundaries meet. Globally, FT-type approaches, often associated with Lagrangian movement, enhance spatial resolution in 3D surfacic and 2D lineic problems using techniques derived from finite element meshing and remeshing algorithms. These efficient approaches, by nature, are well adapted to physical mechanisms correlated to interface properties and geometries. They also face challenges in managing complex topological events, especially in 3D. However, recent advances highlight their potential in computational efficiency and analysis of mobility and energy properties, with possible applications in intragranular phenomena
InfinityEBSD : Metrics-Guided Infinite-Size EBSD Map Generation With Diffusion Models
No full textMaterials performance is deeply linked to their microstructures, which govern key properties such as strength, durability, and fatigue resistance. EBSD is a major technique for characterizing these microstructures, but acquiring large and statistically representative EBSD maps remains slow, costly, and often limited to small regions. In this work, we introduce InfinityEBSD, a diffusion-based method for generating monophase realistic EBSD maps of arbitrary size, conditioned on physically meaningful microstructural metrics. This approach supports two primary use cases: extending small experimental EBSD maps to arbitrary sizes, and generating entirely new maps directly from statistical descriptors, without any input map. Conditioning is achieved through eight microstructural descriptors, including grain size, grain perimeter, grain inertia ratio, coordination number and disorientation angle distribution, allowing the model to generate maps that are both visually realistic and physically interpretable. A patch-wise geometric extension strategy ensures spatial continuity across grains, enabling the model to produce large-scale EBSD maps while maintaining coherent grain boundaries and orientation transitions. The generated maps can also be exported as valid Channel Text Files (CTF) for immediate post-processing and analysis in software such as MTEX or simulation environments like DIGIMU. We quantitatively validate our results by comparing distributions of the guiding metrics before and after generation, showing that the model respects the statistical targets while introducing morphological diversity. InfinityEBSD demonstrates that diffusion models, guided by physical metrics, can bridge the gap between synthetic and realistic materials representation, paving the way for future developments such as 3D realistic microstructure generation from 2D data
Caractérisation des renforts fibreux à l'échelle mono-filamentaire: comportement anisotrope et distribution des propriétés à rupture
No full textNational audienceLa prédiction du comportement des matériaux composites à renforts fibreux nécessite des modèles qui tiennent compte des propriétés des phases présentes. L’accès aux propriétés thermomécaniques des fibres, dont la finesse est environ dix fois supérieure à celle des cheveux humains, représente un défi majeur que cet exposé se propose d’aborder. Il s’agit en particulier de pouvoir accéder au comportement anisotrope des fibres d’aramide, utilisés ici dans les pneumatiques haute performance, ou aux distributions à rupture des fibres de carbone destinés aux réservoirs hyperbares. Afin de garantir l’accès à des données expérimentales fiables et robustes, il est impératif de considérer avec soin toutes les étapes du protocole, de l’extraction des fibres au stockage des données tout en garantissant une quantification optimale des contraintes et des déformations
Rupture de polyoléfines thermoplastiques par flexion 4 points encastrée : mécanismes et modélisation mécanique
No full textNational audienc
Durability of internally pressurised plastic-pipes by plane-strain grooved tensile (PSGT) specimens
No full textInternational audienc
Comprendre les trajectoires de socialisation organisationnelle des jeunes en décrochage scolaire : le cas des Compagnons du Devoir et du Tour de France
No full textInternational audienc
Assessment of the influence of climate change on power grid transmission capacity
No full textInternational audienceIn order to propose effective solutions to mitigate the effects of climate change on the electrical power system, it is essential to have a comprehensive understanding and quantification of the relevant issues. This article explores the impact of climate on transmission network capacity, employing established thermal models and a regional expansion plan, fed by historical and climatic projections on a 0.25° grid resolution over the European continent. The results indicate that, under the high greenhouse gas emissions scenario (RCP 8.5), the area studied will experience average reductions of 1.53%, 2.1%, and 0.2% capacity by 2070, for overhead lines, power transformers, and underground cables, respectively. We propose a quasi-dynamic thermal rating method to estimate maximum capacity. This results in a capacity improvement of up to 22% for power transformers in winter and up to 17% for overhead lines during nighttime hours. This solution represents a viable alternative for electricity operators seeking to solve the dilemma of temperature-driven capacity reduction in the context of challenging network reinforcements
Low-Altitude Logistics with Physical Internet
No full textInternational audienceThis paper explores the integration of Low-Altitude Logistics (LAL), primarily enabled by drones and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), within the Physical Internet (PI) paradigm to address the evolving demands of city logistics. LAL offers rapid and flexible last-mile delivery capabilities, while PI aims to restructure logistics networks through modularity, openness, and hyperconnectivity. Although both concepts have garnered increasing attention independently, their combined application remains underexplored. Based on recent literature, this study identifies the operational, regulatory, and infrastructural challenges involved in deploying delivery drones and evaluates how PI principles and key components, such as PI-containers, PI-hubs, and PI-routing protocols, can mitigate these barriers. Several use cases and implementation scenarios are presented to illustrate how PI-based infrastructure can facilitate the effective integration of drones and strengthen the resilience of urban logistics networks. The paper concludes by emphasizing the need for further research on the deployment strategies, digital infrastructure, and policy frameworks required to support this convergence