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Protected areas as zones of paradoxical composition. The case of an area “strictly protected for science”: The Lauvitel integral reserve (France)
No full textInternational audienceThis article adopts a spatial perspective to reconceptualise protected areas. We analyse protected areas as zones of paradoxical composition, that is, spaces where an objective of de-inhabitation and an objective of the selective reintroduction of human activities (re-inhabitation) are placed together -composed, in its etymological sensein often complex and contested ways. Specifically, we examine the close association of conservation with scientific knowledge production, an activity historically intertwined with conservation efforts. Using a longitudinal case study of the Lauvitel integral reserve in France, an area 'strictly protected for science', we explore the devices enabling this composition through documentary analysis, semi-structured interviews, and participant observation. Our findings identify three interconnected, spatially distributed devices shaping this composition process: a filtering device at the reserve's boundary, which regulates selective access; a discretion device within the reserve, maintaining the illusion of an untouched landscape; and a (re)presentation device beyond the reserve, fostering mediated access while sustaining the reserve's exclusivity. We thus illuminate how protected areas are not simply exclusionary spaces but are shaped by negotiated and spatially differentiated forms of human presence. Our approach to protected areas as zones of paradoxical composition sheds new light on scientific presence in protected areas, engages with questions of Earth's habitability, and opens avenues for future research on environmental justice
VIBE : Plateforme Open-source de Benchmark des Modèles de Vision pour l'Interaction Gestuelle
No full textInternational audienceDespite progress in vision models, gesture-based interaction remains difficult to prototype in HCI. We present VIBE: an open-source web platform that allows researchers to quickly benchmark multiple vision models from short video clips. The tool provides immediate feedback on key metrics such as accuracy, latency, and resource usage, enabling faster, more reproducible comparisons.Malgré les avancées récentes des modèles de vision, l’interaction gestuelle reste difficile à prototyper efficacement dans le domaine de l’IHM. Pour aider les chercheurs à sélectionner les modèles de vision adaptés à leur contexte, nous présentons VIBE : une plateforme web open-source permettant de comparer les performances de plusieurs modèles à partir de courtes vidéos. L’outil offre un retour immédiat sur les métriques clés telles que la précision, la latence et la consommation de ressources. VIBE facilite ainsi le prototypage rapide, reproductible, et comparatif, en abaissant les barrières techniques d’évaluation
Prediction of spatio-temporal data on meshed surfaces using advection-diffusion SPDEs
No full textThe aim of this work is to propose a statistical model for spatio-temporal data on meshed surfaces based on the Stochastic Partial Differential Equation (SPDE) modeling approach. Specifically, we focus on a class of advection-diffusion SPDEs defined on smooth compact orientable closed Riemannian manifolds of dimension 2, and their discretization via a Galerkin approach. We demonstrate how this method enables the development of scalable algorithms for the simulation and prediction of Gaussian random fields that are solutions to the discretized SPDE. Additionally, we present recent developments in the inference of such models. The method is applied to a simulated spatio-temporal dataset exhibiting advective and diffusive behavior on the sphere, as well as to a real case study on aerosol optical depth in the atmosphere across the globe’s surface
Effect of oxygen content on elastic properties of an oxygen-graded titanium: Experimental and computational analyses
No full textInternational audienceHigh-speed nanoindentation mapping (HSNM), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), electron microprobe analyses (EPMA), and high resolution – microscale laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (HR–LIBS), were used to characterize the evolution of the elastic anisotropy of a commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti) having a gradient of oxygen concentration. CP-Ti samples were pre-oxidized in air at 655 C for 120 h to create a 35 -deep gradient of oxygen within Ti, the oxygen-rich layer (ORL). Wedge-cut samples were prepared to spread the ORL over hundreds of micrometers instead of tens of micrometers for cross-sections. EPMA and HR–LIBS were used to quantify the oxygen distribution within the ORL in a relative and absolute manner, respectively. The Vlassak-Nix theory was used for inverse identification of the stiffness matrix terms as a function of the oxygen content. The stiffness matrix as a function of the oxygen concentration was used to simulate the stress–strain distribution at the sub-grain level in the ORL under tensile macroscopic loading. Configurations with and without external oxide were numerically tested to investigate the role of the oxide layer on the stress distribution within the ORL as well as the crystallographic texture
L’appropriation de la sobriété par les entreprises : forces en tension et degrés d’appropriation
No full textInternational audienceThis paper explores the appropriation of the concept of sufficiency (sobriété) in a corporate context. We selected a qualitative exploratory approach through the collection of primary and secondary data on companies demonstrating sufficiency practices. The analysis of this data using force field theory (Burnes & Cooke, 2013) and appropriation theory (Vaujany, 2006) revealed a process of arbitration between forces that encourage and discourage the deployment of sufficiency in companies. This trade-off leads to three different degrees of appropriation: elementary, experimental and systemic. Elementary appropriation reflects a defensive position motivated by compliance with regulations, risk management and competitiveness, resulting in minimal integration; sobriety is then perceived as a constraint. Experimental appropriation sees sufficiency as a gradual change and a market opportunity, driven by changing demand and personal values, through pilot projects. Systemic appropriation reflects a profound, values-driven transformation of the entire organisation, where sufficiency becomes a guiding principle. For each level of appropriation, we present the corresponding modalities of deployment, highlighting the management tools that can help overcome the obstacles to scaling up sufficiency in a strong circularity approach.Cette communication explore l’appropriation du concept de sobriété par les entreprises. Nous avons procédé à une démarche qualitative exploratoire par la collecte de données primaires et secondaires sur des entreprises engagées dans une démarche de sobriété. L’analyse de ces données à travers les théories des champs de force (Burnes & Cooke, 2013) et de l’appropriation (Vaujany, 2006) a mis en évidence un processus d’arbitrage entre des forces incitatives et dissuasives au déploiement de la sobriété en entreprise. Cet arbitrage conduit à trois degrés différents d’appropriation : élémentaire, expérimental, et systémique. L'appropriation élémentaire reflète une position défensive motivée par le respect de la réglementation, la gestion des risques et la compétitivité, ce qui se traduit par une intégration minimale ; la sobriété est alors perçue comme une contrainte. L'appropriation expérimentale considère la sobriété comme un changement progressif et une opportunité de marché, motivée par l'évolution de la demande et des valeurs personnelles, par le biais de projets pilotes. L'appropriation systémique enfin reflète une transformation profonde, axée sur les valeurs, de l'ensemble de l'organisation, où la sobriété devient un véritable principe directeur, un ethos. Nous présentons pour chaque degré d’appropriation les modalités de déploiement de la sobriété correspondantes, mettant ainsi en avant des instruments de gestion pouvant permettre de dépasser des freins au passage à l’échelle de la sobriété dans une démarche de circularité forte
Les organisations face au défi de l'inclusion des NEET: Concevoir de nouveaux dispositifs d'intégration pour développer les soft skills des jeunes en situation de décrochage
No full textInternational audienceL’inclusion des jeunes NEET (Not in Employment, Education, or Training) représente un défi sociétal majeur qui se répercute jusque dans les organisations désireuses de diversifier leurs viviers de recrutement. Depuis quelques années, l’inclusion des NEET est abordée, dans le cadre de programmes gouvernementaux, par le prisme des soft skills, un concept qui reste flou et non consensuel bien qu’utilisé de manière croissante. Le développement de ces compétences vise à favoriser l’intégration professionnelle, organisationnelle et sociale des jeunes en décrochage. Cette étude s’intéresse à ce développement dans le cadre de l’expérimentation « 100% inclusion », menée par l’Association Ouvrière des Compagnons du Devoir et du Tour de France dans le cadre du Plan d’Investissement des Compétences (PIC). L’objectif est de comprendre comment les dispositifs d’accueil et d’accompagnement favorisent le développement des soft skills nécessaires à l’insertion de jeunes en situation de décrochage. Cette analyse qualitative et longitudinale, basée sur les expérimentations réalisées entre 2020 et 2024, explore les stratégies de socialisation et leurs effets sur l’inclusion des NEET. Les résultats soulignent que la réussite de cette démarche dépend des modalités retenues pour intégrer et suivre ces jeunes. L’étude met en lumière l’importance des arbitrages en matière de tactiques de socialisation, la façon dont ces choix facilitent ou freinent l’acquisition de soft skills utiles en environnement professionnel, et explore des pistes pour « designer » les programmes d’intégration des NEET. L’originalité de ce travail réside dans la manière dont il lie les caractéristiques des dispositifs d’intégration à l’acquisition des soft skills, contribuant ainsi à enrichir la réflexion managériale sur l’inclusion des publics éloignés de l’emploi
Long Term Climate-Driven Underground Cable Thermal Ratings for Network Planning
No full textInternational audienceThe capacity of underground cables is influenced by their thermal balance with the environment, with a strong dependence on soil temperature and thermal resistivity. This study estimates the long-term effect of climate conditions and soil dynamics on underground cable capacity, thanks to the use of: climate models, machine learning, and cable dynamic models. In particular, two models are trained to estimate soil temperature and moisture at a depth between 0.8 and 2 meters, completing the information present in existing datasets. The approach is applied to different Reference Pathways Scenarios for the region of France, and results show an improvement in ratings in the region of 9.3% compared with static seasonal ratings, with a further exploitable variation in the order of 10% between the winter and summer seasons
MorphoSkel3D: Morphological Skeletonization of 3D Point Clouds for Informed Sampling in Object Classification and Retrieval
No full textInternational audiencePoint clouds are a set of data points in space to represent the 3D geometry of objects. A fundamental step in the processing is to identify a subset of points to represent the shape. While traditional sampling methods often ignore to incorporate geometrical information, recent developments in learning-based sampling models have achieved significant levels of performance. With the integration of geometrical priors, the ability to learn and preserve the underlying structure can be enhanced when sampling. To shed light into the shape, a qualitative skeleton serves as an effective descriptor to guide sampling for both local and global geometries. In this paper, we introduce MorphoSkel3D as a new technique based on morphology to facilitate an efficient skeletonization of shapes. With its low computational cost, MorphoSkel3D is a unique, rule-based algorithm to benchmark its quality and performance on two large datasets, ModelNet and ShapeNet, under different sampling ratios. The results show that training with MorphoSkel3D leads to an informed and more accurate sampling in the practical application of object classification and point cloud retrieval
Cut-Detector: A Tool for Automated Temporal Analysis of Late Cytokinetic Events
No full textCytokinesis is the final step of cell division, resulting in the physical separation of the two daughter cells. Despite its fundamental importance in cell biology, biologists currently lack automatic tools for large-scale profiling of cytokinesis dynamics. In particular, the timing of the first microtubule cut in the intercellular bridge connecting the daughter cells is crucial, as it marks a critical step preceding abscission. Here, we introduce Cut-Detector, an open-source tool for the automatic analysis of late cytokinesis timing from time-lapse microscopy movies. Cut-Detector employs an AI approach to carry out the multiple tasks required to monitor cytokinesis: cell segmentation and tracking, detection of cell division events, localization of the intercellular bridge, and detection of the microtubule cuts. Cut-Detector will facilitate large-scale analyses to uncover new cytokinetic genes, a task that would be impractical without automation
Dual Purpose Corporations and Boards Expertise - an Exploratory Study in French Société à Mission
No full textInternational audienceThe rise of dual-purpose corporations reflects a growing need to align financial objectives with societal and environmental commitments. In this context, the French sociétés à mission offer an innovative governance model, characterized by a dual-board structure comprising a traditional board of directors (BoD) and an independent mission committee. This study investigates how competencies are distributed across these two entities.Using a competency-based framework (Adams et al., 2018), we analyze a sample of 20 sociétés à mission, representing diverse sectors and sizes. Data collection involved reviewing mission committee reports, LinkedIn profiles, and corporate documents to map the expertise of 150 mission committee members and 226 directors.The results reveal significant polarization in skillsets between governance bodies. Boards of directors predominantly possess generalist competencies, such as finance, management, and risk control, reflecting their focus on strategic coherence and operational oversight. In contrast, mission committees demonstrate strong specialization in sustainability and scientific expertise, with external members playing a crucial role in bridging knowledge gaps. Interestingly, while these bodies exhibit distinct functional specializations, they also share common competencies in business acumen, enabling cross-functional dialogue on the interplay between profit and purpose. This research contributes to corporate governance literature by critically engaging with the "common ground" hypothesis, which posits that homogeneous boards are more efficient. Our findings suggest that in dual-purpose corporations, a fragmented but complementary distribution of competencies across separate governance entities lay ground for new strategic decision-making process and ensures a balance between financial performance and societal goals.The study's implications are both theoretical and practical. Theoretically, it refines existing frameworks on governance configurations in dual-purpose organizations, emphasizing the importance of external expertise in mission-driven oversight. Practically, it provides actionable insights for boards seeking to navigate the inherent tensions between profitability and purpose.Future research might need to explore the evolution of dual-board structures over time and examine specific cases of tension management, particularly in contexts where financial and societal priorities diverge. Additionally, understanding how mission committee expertise directly impacts organizational outcomes will further enhance the governance of dual-purpose corporations.</p