Conference Technology Transfer: fundamental and innovative technical solutions
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Investigation of the characteristics of the internal firefighting water pipeline elements
Get PDFAn important task in the design of buildings for different purposes is ensuring the safety of people's livelihoods. To protect them from the negative factors of fire, various devices are used to localize and stop burning. One of the elements of the fire protection of the building is the internal firefighting water supply. For the supply of water to extinguish a fire, it is provided for the installation of firefighting hydrants sets with a diameter of 25 and 33 mm. To date, there is no clear procedure for selecting fire hydrant equipment of small diameter for different types of buildings. To formulate the requirements for them, the influence of various factors on the actual flow of water is investigated. According to the results of the experiment, empirical dependences of water consumption for semi-rigid hoses are obtained. Analysis of the simulation results shows that the actual flow of water from a fire hydrant largely depends on the pressure in the network and the diameter of the hose.
A comparison of actual water consumption with regulatory data is done. The inexpediency of the use of equipment, whose characteristics do not provide the necessary indicators, is shown. A 3-step procedure for selecting the characteristics of a fire hydrant is proposed, including determining the flow rate of water from a fire hydrant for semi-rigid hoses of different lengths, degree of deployment and arbitrary pressure values in the water supply network. The result is compared with the standard value. The proposed procedure allows to reasonably choose the equipment that can ensure the successful extinguishing of the fire. Its practical value is reducing the flow of water to extinguish a fire and reduce material losse
Assessment of the radiation safety of the rural population of the Central Forest-Steppe of Ukraine in the remote period after the Chernobyl catastrophe
Get PDFIn Ukraine, as a result of the Chernobyl disaster, 2,218 villages and cities with a population of about 2.4 million residents were in the zone of radioactive contamination. Pollution has undergone almost the entire territory of Polesia and a significant part of the Forest-Steppe. The population living in radioactively contaminated areas receives an additional more natural dose level of external and internal exposure. External irradiation is due to the high content of 137Cs in soils, with the decay of which increases the power of gamma radiation on the ground. Internal exposure is caused by the ingestion of 137Cs and 90Sr during the consumption of food products. The rural population with the consumption of products grown in household plots, receives significantly higher doses of radiation than the city.The activity of 137Cs and 90Sr in milk, meat, potatoes and other vegetable products is grown on the backyards of residents of the villages Osypivka and Tarasivka of the Bila Tserkva district of the Kyiv region, who have been subjected to radioactive contamination due to the Chernobyl disaster. The research results show that milk, meat and vegetable products grown in radioactively contaminated areas of the forest-steppe zone meet the radiation safety criteria for 137Cs and 90Sr. The internal exposure dose of the residents of the Osypivka village with the consumption of food products is 0.065 mSv/year, and that of the Tarasivka village - 0.028 mSv/year. Consumption of milk and potatoes makes the greatest contribution to the dose of internal exposure. The external radiation dose due to pollution of the territory of the settlement of 137Cs residents of the Osypivka village is 0.72 mSv/year, and that of the Tarasivka village – 0.27 mSv/year. The annual effective dose to residents of the Osypivka village – 0.78 mSv/year, and the residents of the Tarasivka village - 0.30 mSv/year, which does not exceed the dose of radiation established by current legislation at 1 mSv/yea
HIGH EFFICIENCY TITANIUM COAGULANTS FOR WATER TREATMENT
Get PDFTitanium compounds are very perspective reagents for water treatment because of their many outbreaking benefits compared to traditional coagulants – smaller dosage, lesser pH-dependency, they are biologically inert, work at low water temperature. But they have some technological issues, preventing them from wide use. One of the ways to overcome this issues shown in this article. Results of use of nanoencapsulation of Ti(IV) salts into solvable cells shown. This way allows to overcome problem with too quick hydrolysis and evenly distribution of coagulant in treated water. Also titanium coagulant was practically compared to traditional coagulant to show benefits of titanium-based coagulant
AIRCRAFT FAULT DIAGNOSIS SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT
Get PDFDichotomizing algorithms of diagnostics and reconfiguration of the navigation system which process indicators of inertial, satellite and optical subsystems in real time for typical types of refusals are considered in the work. The given approach provides majority diagnostics of measuring system with system and hardware redundancy at a minimum necessary set of sensors. The main idea of a method is the comparative analysis of all measuring subsystems behind reference value. The reference value is the parameter which is synthesized from all diagnosable subsystems, in this work – a course corner. When obtaining the only parameter by gages of the different nature it is possible to provide firmness of an algorithm. Also reasonably the possibility of the introduction of optical systems with the use of algorithms of computer sight for ensuring system redundancy of the navigation system is described. The system is intended for identification only of one type of refusal for a unit of time. A positive factor of an invention is the universality that allows using system on any operating small autonomous aircraft. For the introduction of a system, there is no requirement in finishing the hardware. Use of system of failure diagnostics will reduce the risk of loss of the aircraft when performing a task, will increase its efficiency and accuracy of indicators. As a result of researches, the algorithmic dependence of signals of the navigation system was established that allowed to make the analysis and diagnostics with the following renewal of the lost parameter thanks to system and hardware redundancy of devices. Practical use of the system in actual practice with an influence of artificially created obstacles and noise is shown. Developments in area of aircraft safety are necessary due to the need for an increase in level, at the emergence of emergency situation
INVESTIGATION OF THE STABILITY OF THE STEADY MOTIONS OF A ROTATIONAL MECHANICAL SYSTEM
Get PDFThe conditional stability of steady motions of a mechanical isolated system consisting of a rotating carrier body, a material point creating its static imbalance, and a passive automatic balancer consisting of two identical mathematical pendulums are investigated. The pendulums are mounted on the longitudinal axis of the supporting body and move in the plane of static imbalance. The relative motion of the pendulums is impeded by viscous drag forces. It is established that in the case when the imbalance is and the pendulums can eliminate it with a certain margin, there is one basic movement; in the absence of imbalance, there is a one–parameter family of basic movements; in the case of maximum unbalance, which pendulums can eliminate, there is one basic movement, but it generates a pseudo–family of basic motions. It is also established that conditionally asymptotically stable are separate basic motions, if they are isolated, or a family, or pseudo–families of basic motions. For pendulum, ball and liquid automatic balancers, an approximate law is obtained for the variation of large nutation angles in the case of an axisymmetric and non–axisymmetric supporting body.
It is established that the rate of change of the nutation angle is significantly affected by the ratio between the axial moments of inertia of the rotating carrier and the coefficient of viscous drag. An empirical formula is proposed for estimating the residual nutation angle, which occurs when the passive automatic balancers (nutation dampers) are incorrectly installed on the spacecraft and stabilized by rotation, and an example of its application for a particular satellite is given. It is shown that incorrect installation of the auto balance on the supporting body can lead to the formation of a residual nutation angle even in the case of a "stable" supporting body. The obtained results can be used in the design of passive automatic balancers (nutation damping) (pendulum, ball and liquid) for spacecrafts stabilized by rotatio
NEW WAYS OF DESIGNING SUPER STRONG MATERIALS BASED ON USE OF ALLOYED LOW HARDENABILITY STEELS
Get PDFCurrently, metallurgists are trying to improve mechanical properties of steel by increasing alloy elements in it that require slow cooling in oils or high concentration of water polymers solutions. The paper discusses opposite way in increasing service life of machine components by cardinal decrease alloy elements in steel and providing intensive cooling in locally agitated plain water performed by moving sprayers. The proposed new approach is based on two fundamental phenomena which include creation of high surface compressive residual stresses after quenching and obtaining super - strengthened material in surface layers after intensive cooling. These two factors compensate decrease alloy elements in steel. The paper provides methodology of calculation for achieving maximal effect in residual surface compressive stress formation and super- strengthening of material depending on martensite finish temperature of steel. Effectiveness and benefits are considerable due to saving alloy elements, energy and increasing service life of products. A team of Ukrainian leading specialists is organized to design appropriate software for governing and optimizing hardening processes with the aim of achieving above benefits and make environment clean. New steel and technology of hardening is based on UA Patents No. 109577 and No. 11417
DEVELOPMENT OF THE METHOD OF UNSUPERVISED TRAINING OF CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORKS BASED ON NEURAL GAS MODIFICATION
Get PDFoai:ojs.localhost:article/469Technologies for computer analysis of visual information based on convolutional neural networks have been widely used, but there is still a shortage of working algorithms for continuous unsupervised training and re-training of neural networks in real time, limiting the effectiveness of their functioning under conditions of nonstationarity and a priori uncertainty. In addition, the back propagation method for learning multi-layer neural networks requires significant computational resources and the amount of marked learning data, which makes it difficult to implement them in autonomous systems with limited resources. One approach to reducing the computational complexity of deep machine learning and overfitting is use of the neural gas principles to implement learning in the process of direct information propagation and sparse coding to increase the compactness and informativeness of feature representation.
The paper considers the use of sparse coding neural gas for learning ten layers of the VGG-16 neural network on selective data from the ImageNet database. At the same time, it is suggested that the evaluation of the effectiveness of the feature extractor learning be carried out according to the results of so-called information-extreme machine learning with the teacher of the output classifier. Information-extreme learning is based on the principles of population optimization methods for binary coding of observations and the construction of radial-basic decision rules optimal in the information criterion in the binary Hamming space.
According to the results of physical modeling, it is shown that learning without a teacher ensures the accuracy of decision rules to 96.4 %, which is inferior to the accuracy of learning with the teacher, which is equal to 98.7 %. However, the absence of an error in the training algorithm for the backward propagation of the error causes the prospect of further research towards the development of meta-optimization algorithms to refine the feature extractor's filters and parameters of the unsupervised training algorith
THE SYNTHESIS OF STEERING RULES FOR STABILIZING ROAD TRAIN REVERSE MOTION TO SOLVE THE TASK OF REACHING A SET GOAL
Get PDFMathematical models of a road train are developed to study both its direct and reverse motion. The laws for the automatic steering system turning vehicle steering wheels to achieve the required trailer direction when moving reverse are synthesized. A road train with a hitching unit on the tractor truck rear axle directly schematic constructions (an “on-axle hitching” model) are used. The kind of kinematic mathematic model for describing a road train moving reverse at low speeds without wheels side slipping is satisfactory. In this condition its motion is defined by geometry only independent from masses, momentums and friction forces.
The steering laws are synthesized with the help of alpha-stabilizing approach, according to Lyapunov’s direct method using fuzzy logics mathematical tool and a solution method depending on the Riccati equation state (SDRE).
The task of reaching a set goal has been solved by calculating the folding angle when the target belongs to the calculated path for the case of curvilinear motion and via calculating the matching tractor truck and trailer orientation angles for direct motion.
The received results have been rendered as phase portraits in the Maple environment and meshes in Meshlab, simulated in Unity 3D and with a robotic installation getting control information generated automaticall
INVESTIGATION OF THE MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF A SINGLE PENDULUM UNDER THE ACTION OF THE FOLLOWER FORCE
Get PDFOne of the main constructive elements of roadmakers, railway bridge supports and structures is a compressed rod, to the end of which a follower force is applied. Recently, the most frequently used model of such rod in the form of an inverted mathematical pendulum under the influence of an asymmetric follower force. Asymmetry is due to the simultaneous presence of both angular and linear eccentricities. The work is devoted to the study of vertical and non-vertical states of equilibrium of a single pendulum. The reduced mathematical model of a single inverted mathematical pendulum is generalized, since it takes into account both the angular eccentricity and the linear eccentricity of the follower force. In addition, the coefficients of influence allow to consider all types of elastic elements (rigid, soft or linear). In this case, both elements can have characteristics of the same type or of different types. For direct integration of the differential equation of the pendulum motion, and also the decoupling of the corresponding Cauchy problem, the authors use the method of extending the parameter of the outstanding Japanese scientist Y.A. Shinohara. Varying of the angular eccentricity of the follower force at zero linear eccentricity results in the inverted pendulum having one or three non-vertical equilibrium positions. The type of characteristics of the elastic elements affects the maximum possible deviation from the vertical, at which the pendulum will be in a state of equilibrium. Analysis of the results of computer simulation shows that the orientation of the follower force for fixed values of other parameters of the pendulum has a significant effect on the configuration of the equilibrium curv
THE TURBINE ENGINE BLADES STRESS-STRAIN STATE UNDER THE VIBRATION LOAD
Get PDFThe problem of turbine engines blades stress-strain state has been studied. All calculations have been provided for the cooled blades constructions, used in the turbo machinery manufacturing. The investigation’s purpose was to develop the new adaptive mathematical model of turbine engine bladed disks with circular damping links stress-strain state by means of finite elements method. The foregoing approach to the finite elements method was borrowed from the literature on finite elements method. The main mathematical models and some types of the finite elements can’t be used for the correct description of the foregoing problem. The matter is that turbine blades have constructional non-homogeneity, which hardly ever could be correctly explained, using well-known finite elements and their mathematical dependences. On the other hand the variable aerodynamic force influence has also been taken into consideration. That is why the new model, which consists of sections, including disk’s sector, the whole blade and parts of damping links, has been developed. The finite elements methodology has been used for the dynamic stresses of this section calculation. Such approach gives an opportunity to describe the stress-strain state of the whole bladed disk as the superposition of the developed section