Conference Technology Transfer: fundamental and innovative technical solutions
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MANEUVER FOR STOPPING THE SHIP IN A SET POINT BY ACTIVE OR PASSIVE BRAKING AND CONCIDERING THE CURRENT
Get PDFThe article deals with the use of active or passive braking of a ship to stop it at a given point. To substantiate the relevance of the study, an analysis of the literature on the problem of ensuring the safe maneuvering of ships was carried out, in which the issues of theoretical and experimental studies of the turnability of ships, the adequacy of the existing models of turnability to the real process of turning the ship, as well as the development of a system of autopilot control of the ship's heading using the principles of fuzzy logic were considered. Considerable attention is paid to the development of an information system for simulating the movement of ships with complex dynamic models.
The necessary analytical expressions are given that characterize the dependences of the time and the distance traveled to the stop of the ship on the mode of active and passive braking, which are required to solve the problem posed in the work.
A formal description of the maneuver for stopping the ship at a given point by active and passive braking is obtained. This description makes it possible to determine the moment of engine stop in case of passive braking or the moment of its reverse – in case of active braking, provided that the ship is following a heading equal to the bearing to a given point.
Cases of presence and absence of current in the area of ship maneuver are considered. In the case of the presence of a current, two stages of the ship's movement are considered: from the zero moment of time until the moment of the start of braking, when the speed of the ship is unchanged, and the second stage, from the moment of the start of braking until the stop of the ship, when the speed of the ship decreases.
To take into account the flow during braking with an exit to a given point, two methods are proposed. The first one is at a constant flow angle with a lateral displacement relative to the programmed trajectory of motion. And the second – with a variable flow angle at zero displacement relative to it.
A successful check of the correctness of the results obtained by simulation computer modeling of maneuvers for stopping the ship at a given point of braking, taking into account the current, has been carried ou
MANUFACTURING OF ACTIVATED CARBON USING DISPOSABLE COCONUT SHELLS FOR CATALYTIC ACTIVITIES AND WATER TREATMENT UTILIZATIONS
Get PDFActivated carbon is a black color solid compound which is fabricated using naturally occurring materials such as woods and species of coal that composed of the majority in carbon. The activated carbon is highly remarkable compound in the catalytic activities in most of chemical industries and water treatment activities because of the significant performances of such activated carbon due to the sufficiency of the surface property which is called as the adsorption with the couple of high porosity. The manufacturing of activated carbon from disposable coconut shells and the investigations of the physic-chemical characteristics of such activated carbon were the expectances of the existing research. Domestically collected coconut shells were burnt in the range of different temperatures 390°C–300°C after removing unnecessary constituents. The chemical composition of the powdered activated carbon was inspected using an X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrophotometer and the surfaces of prepared activated carbon were examined using an optical microscope. As the outcomes of the above experiments, it seems that the most adequate burning temperature for the manufacturing of that batch of coconut shells was in the range of 330°C–350°C, 68.85% of ferrous and 31.15% of potassium as the composed metallic element apart from the non metallic carbon and the pure black color non- composite surfaces were observed under the microscopic studies. It is encouraged to develop this production using cost effective materials such as the shells of fesults which are belonging to the palm cast while utilizing the productions through the various applications in chemical industrie
THERMODYNAMIC, THERMAL AND ELASTIC PROPERTIES OF TITANIUM NITRIDE TiN: COMPARISON OF VARIOUS DATA AND DETERMINATION OF THE MOST RELIABLE VALUES
Get PDFThe analysis of literary data on thermodynamic, thermal and elastic properties of titanium nitride TiN which included values Debye temperature θD, volume coefficient of thermal expansion αV and bulk modulus B under standard conditions is carried out. It has been shown that the known data have a significant spread of values from 20 to 43 %. The 8 most rational variants of optimizing calculations are proposed, which make it possible to reveal the most reliable values of some TiN parameters. At the same time, the minimum and maximum values of θD and αV were used from literary sources, as well as the least contradictory data on isobaric heat capacity Cp, melting temperature Tm.p and density d of TiN. To improve the calculated results, the values of θD(TiN) determined using the methods of Magnus ‒ Lindeman and Debye were also used. The Mayer’s relation was the basic test expression. The obtained values of the bulk modulus were compared with the literature data. This made it possible to distinguish the least and most reliable values of αV and θD, as well as make a refinement correction for the last value. As a result, it was found that under standard conditions, the value of θD(TiN) close to the optimal should be within 746‒769 K, and for its isochoric heat capacity CV ‒ in the range 36.55‒37.19 J/(mol×K). The range of values, after optimization, does not exceed 3 %, unlike the 20 % available in the literature. A more accurate definition of Debye temperature for TiN needs to radically refine the values of its αV and
DEVELOPMENT OF A SYSTEM FOR ASSESSING PASSENGER TRAFFIC BASED ON FUZZY LOGIC
Get PDFA methodology has been developed for assessing public transport passenger traffic in the city. A mathematical model based on fuzzy logic is presented. The main criteria for assessing the attractiveness of passenger traffic are: the interval between vehicles, technical condition of the vehicle, route length, time of day. In the mathematical model, all input linguistic variables and output variable, their terms and membership functions are described. A fragment of a fuzzy knowledge base presented in the form of production rules is presented. At the exit, the dispatcher receives an output variable – the degree of confidence in the attractiveness of the route. Based on this assessment, the dispatcher can make a number of necessary changes to improve the functioning of the route. The software is implemented as a web service. This software will be convenient for dispatchers to use for planning public transport routes. Fifteen selected routes were taken for research, which are the most popular in the city. These routes were proposed for evaluation by three controllers. The results obtained from dispatchers were compared with the results of the fuzzy inference implemented in the software. The main advantage of using this software product is the ability to build a dynamic schedule based on the analysis of the dispatcher. This, in turn, will allow passengers to receive a better transportation service within the cit
DETERMINATION OF THE SIZES OF PARTICLES OF SUPERCONDUCTING CUPRATE Y3Ba5Cu8OX BY MEANS OF DIFFERENT METHODS
Get PDFThe superconducting cuprate Y3Ba5Cu8Ox was obtained with the help of sol-gel technology (sample C), co-precipitation of hydroxocarbonates (sample B) and solid-phase synthesis methods (A). Based on the results of scanning electron microscopy and methods based on the analysis of X-ray diffraction data: the Williamson-Hall construction and the Scherrer formula, features of the microstructure of the synthesized samples are established. The smallest particle size has a sample that has been synthesized by the sol-gel method. The tendency to aggregation and sedimentation for this sample is the smallest. The sample obtained by the co-precipitation method has larger grains and a higher tendency to aggregate. The size of the microparticles and the tendency to aggregate for the sample synthesized by the solid-phase method are greatest. The morphology of particles was studied using three methods: SEM, Scherrer and Williamson-Hall formulas and the following results were found: particle size depends on the synthesis method, but a relatively narrow size distribution within one synthesis method remains, the value of crystal lattice microdeformation for samples increases in a line: C sample– A sample– B sample. Thus, the work was carried out for determining the size, structure and morphology of superconducting phases. It expands knowledge in the field of research of superconducting compound
DETERMINATION OF RATIONAL OPERATING MODES OF OPERATION OF TRACTOR AGRICULTURAL TIRES
Get PDFThe efficiency of wheeled agricultural tractors when performing traction technological operations is characterized by two aspects. The first of these is traction efficiency, which mainly depends on the coupling weight of the tractor and the perfection of its running system. Another aspect is environmental friendliness, which is determined by the level of compaction impact on the soil. In general, these aspects are oppositely directed. That is, an increase in traction efficiency requires an increase in the grip weight and, as a consequence, an increase in the radial load on the tires and the internal pressure in them. This leads to an increase in tire pressure on the ground and deterioration in their environmental performance. As a result of excessive soil compaction, the yield of agricultural crops is significantly reduced. To solve this problem, it is necessary to reduce the tire pressure on the ground, which can be achieved by reducing the grip weight or developing and introducing new innovative tire designs. But, even new innovative tire designs have corresponding limitations due to the radial load interval, internal pressure, travel speed and the amount of torque on the wheel. These restrictions form the area of possible operating modes of tractor tires, individual sections of which differ significantly in terms of traction efficiency and environmental friendliness. Within the limits of possible modes of operation of the tire, operating modes must be implemented in areas of high efficiency and environmental friendliness.
The materials of this article are basic in the study and substantiation of rational operating modes of tractor agricultural tires, and also provide prerequisites for the formation of recommendations for improving the traction efficiency and environmental friendliness of wheeled tractor
IMPLEMENTATION OF A HYBRID INTERMITTENT HEAT SUPPLY SYSTEM FOR EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
Get PDFThe experience of introducing a hybrid intermittent heating system for educational institutions is presented. The analysis of theoretical and experimental research, modern energy technologies for the integration of renewable energy sources into innovative and existing heat supply systems for buildings. The adaptation of modern developments of hybrid systems to buildings operating both in permanent and intermittent operation mode (administrative institutions, educational institutions and other public buildings) has been carried out. The conditions for increasing the efficiency of using heterogeneous renewable energy sources in combined heat supply systems have been established. For the proposed combined heat supply system, a hybrid heat generation is provided using low-potential renewable heat sources in the heat pump cycle and high-potential traditional heat sources in a pellet boiler. A mathematical model of the operating modes of a combined heat supply system using renewable heat sources is proposed, which can be used for numerical modeling of thermal processes in a variable heat supply mode for public buildings. The study of the dynamics of heating the premises when changing the climatic conditions of different regions of Ukraine, including the southern regions, is done. This makes it possible to analyze the efficiency of using alternative energy sources for heat supply and substantiate the conditions for including heat accumulators in the circuit. The research results are relevant because allow to achieve significant energy savings for heat supply of public buildings, characterized by a low level of energy efficiency. The proposed solutions indicate that the combined use of the capabilities of heterogeneous renewable energy sources can be effective only with a hybrid method of heat generation using a heat pump and a pellet boiler, taking into account the operating mode of buildings. As a result of theoretical and experimental studies, it was established: the dynamics of heating and cooling of premises with a high accumulation capacity; the share of replacement of the consumed thermal power in the hybrid use of heat generators. The conditions for the most effective use of heat accumulators in a combined heat supply system have been established. The results obtained make it possible to increase the efficiency of the use of renewable energy sources for public buildings, taking into account the mode of their operation, in which the heat supply system operates in an intermittent mod
CURRENT STATE OF APPLIENCE ZIRCONIUM DIOXIDE IN BIOENGINEERING
Get PDFThis descriptive review presents current knowledge about the bioengineering use of a zirconium dioxide, the advantages and disadvantages of the material, and the prospects for research in this direction. The work reflects the success of the practical application of the zirconium dioxide as a material for dental structures and biological implants. Such practical characteristics, such as color-stability, chemical stability, good aesthetics, biocompatibility and durability, allowed to actively use the zirconium dioxide as a material for producing various dental structures. In comparison with other ceramics, the presence of high-performance of strength and fracture toughness of the zirconium dioxide enables the use of this material as an alternative material for the reconstructions in the readings with considerable loads. High hardness determines the zirconium dioxide as an excellent material for articular prostheses, because of its hardness, provides a low level of wear and excellent biocompatibility. However, along with positive characteristics, a widespread practical problem of using the zirconium dioxide in dentistry is a chip or fracture of veneering ceramics. It has also been reported that there is a shortage of orthopedic implants such as hydrothermal stability. The solution of such problems is indicated and the use of composite materials based on the zirconium dioxide, which allows to solve a similar problem, as well as to increase the service life and reliability of orthopedic implants by providing a higher fracture toughness and mechanical strength. The existence of such composite materials based on the zirconium dioxide provides a significant increase in the wear resistance of orthopedic implants, which is essential for successful prosthetic
RESEARCH OF INDIRECT MEASUREMENTS OF BENDING FORCE ON HIGH VOLTAGE INSULATORS BY ACCELEROMETER
Get PDFThe aim of this research is to research and verify possibilities of using the accelerometer to determine mechanical load acting on high voltage insulator. Accelerometer measurements were done on the outdoor post insulator C30 - 850 - II. The insulator was loaded multiple times with various bending force. Vibration induced by external forces was detected by an accelerometer. The insulator features a cable hole, which can be used for optical cables. The accelerometer was glued to the outside surface of insulator’s plate. The results of this research will be used to verify the suitability of the chosen method for detecting the mechanical overload of high-voltage insulators. The results will be used in the design of a device that will serve to detect overload early in order to prevent damage to high-voltage lines and increase its reliability and durability
PHYSICAL MODELING OF THE HYDRODYNAMIC PROCESSES OF CASTING MOLDS POURING FILLED WITH A LOCALLY ORIENTED REINFORCING PHASE
Get PDFIn the process of manufacturing reinforced castings by lost foam casting it is important to determine the laws of gas-hydrodynamic processes that occur during mold pouring. The study of liquid metal filling process a mold filled with a locally oriented reinforcing phase was carried out by the method of physical modeling using cold liquids on a special experimental bench that allows superimposing rarefaction to the front of the liquid metal.
The video frames of the filling process the mold cavity without the reinforcing phase and with the presence of vertically mounted metal rods are obtained. It was established that the filling process without reinforcing elements occurs in three stages:
1) the flow of a gushing free stream into space;
2) the destruction of the free stream with the capture of the gas phase;
3) filling the form with a continuous stream with the removal of smaller gas inclusions from the liquid volume.
It was also established that with an increase in the rarefaction, the character of filling the mold is preserved, only the intervals of existence of the corresponding stages are reduced.
In the presence of a reinforcing phase in the cavity, a marked decrease in the height of the gushing of the jet in the initial stage with an increase in the number of installed rods. In addition, crushing by rods of a limited model space creates more favorable conditions for removing the filled gas phase from a moving stream