3714 research outputs found
Sort by
A sequential deposition of amyloid beta oligomers, plaques and phosphorylated tau occurs throughout life in the canine retina
No full textAims: Cerebral amyloid burdens may be found in otherwise cognitively intact adults, often not showing worsening deficits with passing years. Alzheimer’s transgenic rodents have been widely used to investigate this phenomenon, but a spontaneous disorder in other animals, such as dogs that cohabit with humans and thus may have some shared environmental risks, may contribute and offer opportunities not possible in the smaller laboratory animals. In animals, the spontaneous disorder most comparable to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) affects mature to aged dogs and is designated canine cognitive dysfunction. Motivated by AD, many studies have revealed that amyloid progressively accumulates in the canine central nervous system, including the retina. Here, we investigated whether deposits of amyloid and/or tau can be found in the canine retina of neurologically normal animals from the first year of life to the elderly. Suppose canine ocular amyloid and tau are present from early life. In that case, that raises the question of whether similar patterns of accumulation occur in man, whether as part of aging, AD, or other.Methods: This study used eye tissues from 30 dogs with a variety of ophthalmic or other orbital disorders, of which 7/30 were 1-2 years old. Tissues were subdivided into dogs of three different age groups: young (1-5 years old), middle (6-10 years old), and old (≥ 11 years old).Results: Following immunostaining of tissue sections with nanobodies against retinal Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 oligomers, and antibodies against Aβ plaques (Aβp) and hyperphosphorylated Tau (p-Tau), our investigations revealed that accumulation of Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 oligomers were widespread in the retina in all age groups. In contrast, Aβp were detected in the middle and old age groups but not in the young age group. Furthermore, p-Tau staining was observed in four old dogs only, while other dogs were p-Tau free. Interestingly, both Aβo and Aβp co-localized in the middle and old age groups of dogs. Moreover, diffuse granular p-Tau co-localized with intracellular Aβo in the old age group. Finally, we also observed co-localization of Aβo and Aβp in the retinal vasculature which might be similar to cerebral amyloid angiopathy associated with AD.Conclusion: As far as we know, the presence of amyloid and tau in the canine retina is hitherto unreported. If similar, early-in-life subclinical retinal deposits occur in a human cohort perhaps identified by AD genetic risk factors, following this group may offer the prospect of preclinical therapeutic intervention in imminent dementia, a strategy recognized as likely necessary to impact this burgeoning disorder
Unconditional and conditional simulation of nonstationary and non-Gaussian vector and field with prescribed marginal and correlation by using iteratively matched correlation
No full textIn many probabilistic analysis problems, the homogeneous/nonhomogeneous non-Gaussian field is represented as a mapped Gaussian field based on the Nataf translation system. We propose a new sample-based iterative procedure to estimate the underlying Gaussian correlation for homogeneous/nonhomogeneous non-Gaussian vector or field. The numerical procedure takes advantage that the range of feasible correlation coefficients for non-Gaussian random variables is bounded if the translation system is adopted. The estimated underlying Gaussian correlation is then employed for unconditional as well as conditional simulation of the non-Gaussian vector or field according to the theory of the translation process. We then present the steps for augmenting the simulated non-Gaussian field through the Karhunen-Loeve expansion for a refined discretized grid of the field. In addition, the steps to extend the procedure described in the previous section to the multi-dimensional field are highlighted. The application of the proposed algorithms is presented through numerical examples
Metal-organic framework-tailored perovskite solar cells
No full textMetal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with tailorable structures and building blocks have demonstrated their advantages in improving the long-term stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the inferior conductivity of MOFs and their lack of strong chemical interaction with perovskites cause undesirable interfacial charge carrier recombination and then deteriorate the photovoltaic (PV) performance of PSCs. This perspective offers an insightful overview of the versatile functionalities and key merits of MOFs for stabilizing PSCs under various external stimuli in terms of MOF interlayers and MOF-perovskite heterostructures. To tackle the charge transport problem of MOFs, promising strategies are outlined to improve the intrinsic conductivity and chemical coordination of MOFs, with the aim of achieving long-term stable PSCs without compromising their PV performance. The current challenging issues and potential solutions are also discussed to provide a roadmap for MOF-tailored PSCs towards practical applications
Male carriers of HLA-C*04:01 have increased risk of cardiac injury in COVID-19
No full textIdentification of factors that lead to the severe clinical course of COVID-19 is crucial for timely allocation of resources. The purpose of this study was to evaluate possible sex differences in cardiac injury associated with HLA-C*04:01. High sensitivity troponin T on admission (hs-TnTa) and maximum high sensitivity troponin T (hs-TnTmax) were used to assess for cardiac injury in patients with COVID-19 (n = 435). We tested for the association of elevated hs-TnT with HLA-C* 04:01 and evaluated for potential sex-specific differences. An association between hs-TnTa and the severity of clinical course was identified. In addition, our study revealed that hs-TnTmax was higher in men who were carriers of HLA-C*04:01 compared to men without the risk allele. Male carriers of HLA-C*04:01 with COVID-19 developed higher hs-TnTmax, suggesting a larger extent of cardiac injury. This association suggests the presence of different pathomechanisms in COVID-19 based on sex
Human milk microbiota: what did we learn in the last 20 years?
No full textHuman milk (HM) is the gold standard for infant nutrition during the first months of life. Beyond its nutritional components, its complex bioactive composition includes microorganisms, their metabolites, and oligosaccharides, which also contribute to gut colonization and immune system maturation. There is growing evidence of the beneficial effects of bacteria present in HM. However, current research presents limited data on the presence and functions of other organisms. The potential biological impacts on maternal and infant health outcomes, the factors contributing to milk microbes’ variations, and the potential functions in the infant’s gut remain unclear. This review provides a global overview of milk microbiota, what the actual knowledge is, and what the gaps and challenges are for the next years
How the unique diversity of extreme cyanobacteria can hold the key to novel algae-based products
No full text
Supraclavicular lymph node transplant: a focus on technique
No full textPhysiologic surgical options, including vascularized lymph node transplant and lymphovenous bypass are becoming increasingly popular interventions for the treatment of lymphedema of both the upper and lower extremities. Many different lymph node donor sites have been described, including submental, lateral thoracic, superficial groin, supraclavicular, and various intraabdominal sites. This paper describes a step-by-step approach to the harvest of vascularized lymph nodes from the supraclavicular area, which is the preferred donor site for most patients with both upper and lower extremity lymphedema
Workhorse flaps for thumb reconstruction
No full textPosttraumatic thumb defects result in significant functional impairment. Multiple reconstructive procedures have been described for the management and improvement of function. Compared with no treatment, all reconstructive methods are beneficial. Each of the available procedures may be more applicable under certain conditions, can offer great benefits, and have its own downsides as well. With a thorough assessment and meticulous technique, the results of thumb reconstruction can be excellent. We present a review of the current reconstructive procedures for traumatic thumb amputation
Data sources:
Access Repository Dashboard
Do you manage OAE Publishing (via Crossref)? Access insider analytics, issue reports and manage access to outputs from your repository in the CORE Repository Dashboard!