3714 research outputs found
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Cancer treatment-induced NAD+ depletion in premature senescence and late cardiovascular complications
No full textNumerous studies have revealed the critical role of premature senescence induced by various cancer treatment modalities in the pathogenesis of aging-related diseases. Senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) can be induced by telomere dysfunction. Telomeric DNA damage response induced by some cancer treatments can persist for months, possibly accounting for long-term sequelae of cancer treatments. Telomeric DNA damage-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and increased reactive oxygen species production are hallmarks of premature senescence. Recently, we reported that the nucleus-mitochondria positive feedback loop formed by p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (p90RSK) and phosphorylation of S496 on ERK5 (a unique member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase family that is not only a kinase but also a transcriptional co-activator) were vital signaling events that played crucial roles in linking mitochondrial dysfunction, nuclear telomere dysfunction, persistent SASP induction, and atherosclerosis. In this review, we will discuss the role of NAD+ depletion in instigating SASP and its downstream signaling and regulatory mechanisms that lead to the premature onset of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases in cancer survivors
Big data-assisted digital twins for the smart design and manufacturing of advanced materials: from atoms to products
No full textMotivated by the ever-increasing wealth of data boosted by national strategies in terms of data-driven Integrated Computational Materials Engineering (ICME), Materials Genome Engineering, Materials Genome Infrastructures, Industry 4.0, Materials 4.0 and so on, materials informatics represents a unique strategy in revealing the fundamental relationships in the development and manufacturing of advanced materials. Materials developments are becoming ever more integrated with robust data-driven and data-intensive technologies. In the present review, big data-assisted digital twins (DTs) for the smart design and manufacturing of advanced materials are presented from the perspective of the digital thread. In the introduction of the DT design paradigm in the ICME era, the simulation aspects of DT and the data and design infrastructures are discussed. Referring to the simulation and theoretical factors of DTs, high-throughput simulation and automation and artificial intelligence-assisted multiscale atomistic modeling are detailed through several cases studies. With respect to data and data mining technologies, entropy and its application for attribute selection in decision trees are discussed to emphasize knowledge-based modeling, simulation and data analysis in machine learning coherently. Guided by the perspectives and case studies of the digital thread, we present our recent work on the design, manufacturing and product service via big data-assisted DTs for smart design and manufacturing by integrating some of these advanced concepts and technologies. It is believed that big data-assisted DTs for smart design and manufacturing effectively support better products with the application of novel materials by reducing the time and cost of materials design and deployment
Unmanned aerial vehicle with handover management fuzzy system for 5G networks: challenges and perspectives
No full textThe next generation of wireless networks, 5G, and beyond will bring more complexities and configuration issues to set the new wireless networks, besides requirements for important and new services. These new generations of wireless networks, to be implemented, are in extreme dependence on the adoption of artificial intelligence techniques. The integration of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) in wireless communication networks has opened several possibilities with increased flexibility and performance. Besides, they are considered as one of the most promising technologies to be used in the new wireless networks. Thus, UAVs are expected to be one of the most important applications to provide a new way of connectivity to the 5G network, and it is expected to grow from being a 19.3 billion USD industry in 2019 to 45.8 billion USD by 2025. In this paper, we provide a proposal of handover management on aerial 5G network utilizing the fuzzy system. The simulations performed prove the benefits of our proposal by QoS/QoE (quality of service/quality of experience) metrics
The first fungi: mode of delivery determines early life fungal colonization in the intestine of preterm infants
No full textAim: The role of intestinal fungi in human health and disease is becoming more evident. The mycobiota composition and diversity of preterm infants is affected by interactions with bacteria and clinical variables. In this study, we aimed to characterize the composition and the diversity of the preterm infant mycobiota and the effect of clinical variables on it in the first six postnatal weeks.Methods: Preterm infants (n = 50) and full-term infants (n = 6) admitted to Isala Women and Children’s hospital (Zwolle, The Netherlands) who were born during 24-36 or 37-40 weeks of gestation, respectively, were included in this study. Feces were collected during the first six postnatal weeks (n = 109) and their mycobiota composition and diversity were characterized by ITS2 amplicon sequencing.Results: Composition analyses identified fungi and other eukaryotic kingdoms, of which Viridiplantae was most abundant. Of the fungal kingdom, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the first and second most prominent phyla in early life of all infants. Candida was the most abundant genus in the first six weeks of life and increased with gestational and postnatal age. Fungal phylogenetic diversity remained stable in the first six postnatal weeks. The individuality and the mode of delivery were identified as significant predictors for the variation in the mycobiota composition. Vaginally delivered infants were enriched in Candida spp., whereas infants delivered through emergency C-section were characterized by Malassezia spp.Conclusion: These results indicate that fungi and other eukaryotic kingdoms are detected in the intestine of preterm and full-term infants in the first six postnatal weeks. Similar to the microbiota, colonization of the preterm intestine with fungi is determined by clinical variables including individuality and mode of delivery
The evolution of bacterial genome assemblies - where do we need to go next?
No full textGenome sequencing has fundamentally changed our ability to decipher and understand the genetic blueprint of life and how it changes over time in response to environmental and evolutionary pressures. The pace of sequencing is still increasing in response to advances in technologies, paving the way from sequenced genes to genomes to metagenomes to metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs). Our ability to interrogate increasingly complex microbial communities through metagenomes and MAGs is opening up a tantalizing future where we may be able to delve deeper into the mechanisms and genetic responses emerging over time. In the near future, we will be able to detect MAG assembly variations within strains originating from diverging sub-populations, and one of the emerging challenges will be to capture these variations in a biologically relevant way. Here, we present a brief overview of sequencing technologies and the current state of metagenome assemblies to suggest the need to develop new data formats that can capture the genetic variations within strains and communities, which previously remained invisible due to sequencing technology limitations
High-mountain lakes as indicators of microplastic pollution: current and future perspectives
No full textAs a key component of mountain ecosystems, high-mountain lakes are recognized indicators of global change. In the analysis of the effects induced by local or global human activities, microplastic (MP) pollution is of critical environmental concern for mountain ecosystem compartments and for high-mountain lakes in particular. This minireview reports on current knowledge of MP occurrence, source, distribution, and characteristics in high-mountain lake ecosystems. The literature search returned only nine studies mainly from the Tibet plateau (China). Generally, the two most often investigated compartments were water and sediment, followed by snow and fish. Plastic particles were found as fragments and fibers of polypropylene and polyethylene, which are primarily utilized in food packaging and supplies brought by tourists and then discarded on site. Tourism and atmospheric long-range transport from lowlands were identified as the main sources of MP pollution. Precipitation events (snow and rain) were reported as key events in MP deposition and fallout. Further studies are needed to better understand the effects of MP pollution on aquatic food webs and ecosystem resources (e.g., drinking water) in these key ecosystems
Inauguration of the newly launched journal of Green Manufacturing Open: how does manufacturing industry cope with rapid emerged environment and climate crisis in this planet
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The virtual peripheral nerve academy: education for the identification and treatment of peripheral nerve disorders
No full textMillions of people around the globe suffer peripheral nerve injuries caused by trauma and medical disorders. However, medical school curricula are profoundly deficient in peripheral nerve education. This lack of knowledge within the healthcare profession may cause inadequate patient care. We developed the Virtual Peripheral Nerve Academy (VPNA) as a reusable virtual learning environment to provide medical students with detailed education on the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Students are introduced to the PNS through virtual 3D rendering of the human body, wherein they visualize individual nerves through dissection and observe normal motor and sensory function associated with each nerve. PNS structures that are absent from traditional texts are included in this visualization, ranging from the innervation of joints to the normal anatomic variation required for differential diagnosis of pain after an injury. Detailed modules on peripheral nerve disorders allow students to observe pathophysiological mechanisms, associated symptomatology, and appropriate treatments. Students are briefed on a patient clinical case, then interact with a patient avatar to learn the appropriate diagnostics, including physical exam maneuvers and electrodiagnostic testing. Interactive modules on peripheral nerve surgeries detail surgical techniques. The VPNA data and analytics dashboards allow medical students and course instructors to assess skill improvement and identify specific learning needs. The built-in learner management system and availability on both computer-based and virtual reality platforms facilitate integration into any existing medical school curricula. Ultimately, this immersive technology enables every medical student to learn about the peripheral nervous system and gain competency in treating real-life nerve pathologies
A narrative review of outcomes following metoidioplasty: complications and satisfaction
No full textMetoidioplasty consists of lengthening and straightening the hormonally hypertrophied clitoris. The goals of the procedure include masculinizing the external genitalia and enabling standing micturition. Metoidioplasty may be performed as a stand-alone procedure or an interval procedure prior to phalloplasty. While most often performed with urethral lengthening, metoidioplasty may also be performed as a “simple release” (i.e., without urethral lengthening). Secondary procedures typically include scrotoplasty and placement of testicular implants. While satisfaction with this procedure is high, complications can occur. Complications are commonly categorized as either urologic (i.e., strictures and fistula) or wound healing (i.e., wound disruption, infection, bleeding, etc.). This narrative review discusses postoperative outcomes, including both satisfaction and complications. Published data on complications include fistula and stricture rates from 0%-50% and 0%-63%, respectively. Overall satisfaction with appearance ranges from 48%-100%, and patient ability to void while standing ranges from 67%-100%. Metoidioplasty is a safe and effective procedure for transgender men. Further research regarding surgical techniques and outcomes will help reduce complications and improve overall patient satisfaction
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