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Refugees on the Move: Resettlement and Onward Migration in Final Destination Countries
Get PDFRefugee migration is often discussed in isolation from other types of mobility. Refugee movement is distinguished by the perception that such migrations are forced and occur among disempowered individuals and populations lacking autonomy. This essay dispels the notion that refugees are not involved in making decisions about their mobility. We situate refugee migration as one category of movement, and then discuss migration trajectories and how individuals determine where they will go and how they will get there. Finally, we discuss refugee resettlement and onward migration, exploring why resettlement does not necessarily stop movement. Many refugees continue to migrate 2 even after resettlement as they search for jobs, co-ethnic communities, a sense of belonging, and so on, which contradicts the policy goals of creating a permanent home in a new country
Advancing Workplace Diversity: Weathering the Storm to Create a Path toward Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
Get PDFThe inherent culture communicated within an organization influences and affects the practices the organization takes, and, in turn, employee performance (Ritchie, 2000). The purpose of this book chapter is to identify what characteristics can bring visibility to the career experiences of Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) through a critical examination of the literature on organizational culture, leadership, and organizational behavior in the context of Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI). The resulting outcome of such an outlook on career experiences for the BIPOC community is important in creating and sustaining fair practices in diversity, equity, and inclusion in order to establish and sustain a better workplace system. Recent, but limited, research highlights a disparity between the reality of these experiences within the BIPOC community against the assumptions and beliefs of other racial groups. By broadening our perspectives of DEI through the lens of those who are marginalized, leaders within our organizations widen the context in which they view organizational behavior and leadership with a conscience, but they also learn to set goals that frame managerial decisions. Key inquiries within this scope of study as it pertains to the BIPOC community and ways of encouraging inclusivity remain unanswered, for the most part, are based on a review of the current literature
Comparing Effects of Instructor-led and Technology-enhanced Scaffolding on Student Knowlege Construction in Online Discussion Forums
No full textDiscussion board forums have become commonplace within online learning environments (OLEs). With student enrollment in online classes continuing to rise and the emergence of COVID-19, more students will be utilizing discussion forums within OLEs than ever before. Positive pedagogical support for the use of discussion forums abounds, but studies on the efficacy of discussions in online forums show mixed results. This study seeks to compare two types of discussion forums. One type, instructor-led scaffolding, was designed with pedagogy such as feedback, discussion prompts, and scaffolding implemented by the instructor. The second type, technology-enhanced scaffolding, was designed to foster autonomous motivation in students, while some feedback and scaffolding were implemented automatically by the technology-enhanced platform and offloaded onto discussion TAs provided for instructors by the platform. The study used the Interaction Analysis Model (IAM) to measure student knowledge construction levels and interpreted results to determine the impact of pedagogical design implementation on student knowledge construction in undergraduate online learning environments
African American Perceptions of the Accounting Profession: Assessing the Lack of Representation from the Perspective of Two-Year College Students
No full textThe accounting profession is one of the most under-represented industries in hiring, retaining, and promoting minorities (Ross et al., 2014). The lack of representation of African Americans in the accounting profession has been reported for decades (Harris et al., 2020). Using a quantitative approach, this research study’s data reflected how the African American population affiliated with and identified to the field of accounting. This research study investigated participant perspectives on influences that hinder African Americans from entering the accounting profession. This research analyzed African American student opinions and attitudes towards student success, retention, wrap-around services (i.e., mentoring, tutoring, counseling, transportation, and other non-instructional services), and degree completion at Columbus State Community College, Columbus, Ohio. Existing literature indicated that accounting is not an active choice for many African Americans due to college readiness, peer expectations (Harris et al., 2020), family values/influences, and a general lack of understanding of the accounting field (Green et al., 2017). This research answered why African Americans are under-represented in the accounting profession by gaining insight from the perspective of current African American students pursuing an accounting associate degree and entering the accounting profession. Results indicated that a student’s gender is associated with their persistence and progression towards a degree in accounting. Student interaction with faculty and with peers were also associated with a students’ persistence and progression. Family influence and interactions, and student family backgrounds and upbringings proved to influence students striving to earn an associate degree in accounting. Lastly, African Americans\u27 geographical background characteristics were associated with student success, sense of retention, and degree completion
AI Transformative Influence: Extending the TRAM to Management Student\u27s AI’s Machine Learning Adoption
No full textIndustries worldwide have adopted Artificial Intelligence\u27s (AI) Machine Learning (ML) cognitive business functions to gain performance, productivity, competitive advantage, and economic prosperity. World Economic Forum (2020) reported that ML is on top of technology adoption. In the light of ML redefining management functions, not much is known about the management students\u27 ML technology adoption rates. Hence, this study was aimed to investigate the management students\u27 technology readiness and ML technology adoption in their future managerial jobs using the Technology Readiness and Acceptance Model (TRAM). Using a non-experimental, quantitative approach, data were collected from the university management students using the Technology Readiness Index (TRI 2.0) and Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) instruments. Correlational statistical analysis performed on the online survey data revealed that management students\u27 ML technology adoption in their future managerial jobs is positively influenced by technology readiness (TR), perceived ease of use (PEOU), and perceived usefulness (PU). The model has shown the adoption path as TRI → PEOU → PU → TA, with PU as the single strongest predictor (β=0.797). When it comes to TR and TA, students are generally categorized as laggards; therefore, by using the right mix of TRAM variables, there is a potential to increase the ML adoption propensity amongst future managers, especially in the wake of ML cognitive applications redrawing managerial functions. Ultimately, the study will contribute to the TRAM body of knowledge and propel ML technology adoption
Association Between Patient-Clinician Relationships and Adherence to Antihypertensive Medications Among Black Adults: An Observational Study Design
Get PDFBackground
We assessed the associations between patient‐clinician relationships (communication and involvement in shared decision‐making [SDM]) and adherence to antihypertensive medications.
Methods and Results
The 2010 to 2017 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) data were analyzed. A retrospective cohort study design was used to create a cohort of prevalent and new users of antihypertensive medications. We defined constructs of patient‐clinician communication and involvement in SDM from patient responses to the standard questionnaires about satisfaction and access to care during the first year of surveys. Verified self‐reported medication refill information collected during the second year of surveys was used to calculate medication refill adherence; adherence was defined as medication refill adherence ≥80%. Survey‐weighted multivariable‐adjusted logistic regression models were used to measure the odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI for the association between both patient‐clinician constructs and adherence. Our analysis involved 2571 Black adult patients with hypertension (mean age of 58 years; SD, 14 years) who were either persistent (n=1788) or new users (n=783) of antihypertensive medications. Forty‐five percent (n=1145) and 43% (n=1016) of the sample reported having high levels of communication and involvement in SDM, respectively. High, versus low, patient‐clinician communication (OR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.14–1.67) and involvement in SDM (OR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.08–1.61) were both associated with adherence to antihypertensives after adjusting for multiple covariates. These associations persisted among a subgroup of new users of antihypertensive medications.
Conclusions
Patient‐clinician communication and involvement in SDM are important predictors of optimal adherence to antihypertensive medication and should be targeted for improving adherence among Black adults with hypertension