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65-75 Scrutton Street and 39-47 Curtain Road, London, EC2, Post-Excavation Assessment Report
No full textRoman development east of the forum: excavations at 31-33 Lime Street reveal a possible link to a Roman public building project
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Whitehill Road Barrow, Longfield and New Barn, Kent - Integrated Site Report
No full textThe Museum of London Archaeology Service (MoLAS) was commissioned by Union Railways (South) Limited (a subsidiary of London and Continental Railways) to undertake a watching brief and detailed excavation between Fawkham Junction to Dale Road (Archaeological Zone 1) and from Dale Road to west of Hazells Farm (Archaeological Zone 2), southwest and south of Gravesend, Kent. This work formed part of an extensive programme of archaeological investigation carried out in response to the construction of the Channel Tunnel Rail Link (CTRL). Earliest dated activity within the area may have taken place as early as c 4,000 BC with exploitation of spring lines at the valley floor east of Springhead. A barrow monument was set up to the west, at Whitehill Road: the original ditch around the barrow had partially filled in before the insertion of an inhumation burial. An amber necklace found with the body, while unusual in the Kent early Bronze Age tradition dates to latter part of the early Bronze Age. Human bone fragments from the burial gave a radiocarbon result of 3273+/-30BP (NZA-22740). When calibrated (1620-1440 cal BC) this indicates that the burial is post-Beaker. The construction of a second, outer concentric ditch around the barrow was also a secondary event, probably contemporary with the burial. At Springhead, later Bronze Age colluvium sealed earlier features and was cut into by late Bronze Age pits and ditches. Apart from small amounts of late Iron Age material, there was no evidence for further activity until the 1st century AD when Roman field systems are laid out at Fawkham Junction and New Barn Road, and an enclosure constructed at South of Station Road. The Roman land use and activity was apparently short-lived and passed into disuse AD 100-150. Later medieval and post-medieval activity within the landscape remained agricultural in character until the construction of the Gravesend West Railway in the mid 19th Century
Brewers Gate, Cobham Park, ARC BG 98
No full textA limited excavation of the site of the gate lodge at Brewers Gate, Cobham Park, Cobham, west of Rochester, Kent, was commissioned by Union Railways (South) Limited and carried out by the Museum of London Archaeology Service in September 1998
Leda Cottages, ARC LED 98
No full textThe Museum of London Archaeology Service undertook an archaeological evaluation between the 4th and the 6th of August 1998 on the site of Leda Cottages. The site is formed of three separate areas, situated to the south of Charing and to the north-west of Ashford. The excavation forms part of a series of evaluations which were added to the larger programme of archaeological investigations undertaken in 1997 along the line of the future Channel Tunnel Rail Link. The aim was to assess the effect of construction of the new railway upon the cultural heritage. Of the 18 trial trenches only 3293TT exposed an archaeological feature: a truncated pit [14] of post-medieval date
Cuxton Anglo-Saxon Cemetery, ARC CXT 98
No full textThe Museum of London Archaeology Service (MoLAS) was commissioned by Union Railways (South) Limited (URS) to undertake a detailed archaeological investigation at Cuxton (site code ARC CXT 98), situated directly to the west of the M2 Medway Bridge, on the northern side of the River Medway, Kent, in 1998. This work formed part of an extensive programme of archaeological investigation carried out in advance of the construction of the Channel Tunnel Rail Link (CTRL)
Channel Tunnel Rail Link Section 1 - Watching Brief Area 330, Kent - Integrated Site Report
No full textThe Oxford Archaeological Unit was commissioned by Union Railways (South) Limited (URS) to monitor all earthworking operations with a potential archaeological impact within part of CTRL Project Area 350 and the whole of Project Area 410. This work formed part of an extensive programme of archaeological investigation and monitoring carried out during the construction of the CTRL. This report presents the interim results of the watching brief covering all permanent and temporary land-take associated with construction of the CTRL, from west of the Medway Crossing to the Pilgrims Way. This includes the trace (at grade, within cuttings and on embankments), bridges and associated works (mitigation earthworks, construction sites, transformer stations etc.).No significant archaeological discoveries have been made in this area to date.Areas previously subject to detailed or strip, map and sample excavation were excluded from the works, as were areas of known large-scale modern disturbance (as detailed in the WSI). Areas previously subject to detailed or strip, map and sample excavation were excluded from the works, as were areas of known large-scale modern disturbance (as detailed in the WSI)
Catch Per Unit Research Effort : Sampling Intensity, Chronological Uncertainty, and the Onset of Marine Fish Consumption in Historic London.
No full textAs the cumulative volume of ecofactual data from archaeological sites mounts, the analytical tools required for its synthesis have not always kept pace. While recent attention has been devoted to spatial aspects of meta-analysis, the methodological challenges of chronological synthesis have been somewhat neglected. Nowhere is this issue more acute than for urban sites, where complex, well-dated stratigraphy; rich organic remains; and multiple small- to medium-scale excavations often lead to an abundance of small datasets with cross-cutting phasing and varied chronological resolution. Individually these may be of limited value, but together they can represent the environmental and socioeconomic history of a city. The challenge lies in developing tools for effective synthesis.
This paper demonstrates a new approach to chronological meta-analysis of ecofactual data, based upon (a) use of simulation to deal with dating uncertainty, and (b) calibration of results for variable research intensity. We apply this approach to a large body of historic-period fish bone data from London, revealing otherwise undetectable detail regarding one of the most profound shifts in medieval English economic and environmental history: the sudden onset of marine fishing commonly known as the Fish Event Horizon. Most importantly, we show that this phenomenon predates any visible decline in deposition of freshwater fish, and hence cannot have been driven by depletion of inland fisheries as has sometimes been suggested. The R package developed for this research, archSeries, is freely available
The New Churchyard: from Moorfields Marsh to Bethlem burial ground, Brokers Row and Liverpool Street
No full textArchaeological investigations for Crossrail at Liverpool Street revealed the development of this area, from the medieval marsh of Moorfields to municipal, non-parochial, burial ground and later suburb. The New Churchyard, or ‘Bethlem’ as it was later known, was established after the severe plague of 1563 and was in use from 1569 to 1739; some 25,000 people in total were buried here. Detailed osteological analysis of one quarter of the 3354 burials excavated supports documentary evidence that the burials included migrants and many of the city’s poor. Some were the victims of recurrent epidemics and outbreaks of plague when mass, but orderly, graves were dug. This publication is one of two exploring the archaeological research for Crossrail at Liverpool Street. Explore the Roman findings from the site in Outside Roman London: roadside burials by the Walbrook stream. The Crossrail archive for Liverpool Street is available online