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Supplement of: A quantitative assessment of the behavior of metallic elements in urban soils exposed to industrial dusts near Dunkerque (northern France)
No full textInternational audienc
Checklist, key and latitudinal distribution of the eastern Atlantic marine gobies along the European coast (Actinopterygii: Gobiidae and Oxudercidae)
No full textInternational audienceThe checklist of 34 marine gobiid species (Actinopterii: Gobiidae and Oxudercidae) with confirmed records is compiled for the Atlantic coast of Europe, including four alien gobiid species found in transitional waters or in the low salinity waters of the Baltic Sea. An identification key for the gobiid species known from the area is also provided. The latitudinal distribution of native goby species in this area is presented and discussed. Finally, the second northernmost record of a Gobiidae fish is reported, corresponding to Pomatoschistus minutus (Pallas, 1770) from Tromsø, Norway
Flight style and time-activity budgets of the smallest petrels
No full textInternational audienceProcellariforms are the most oceanic among birds, regularly embarking on the longest journeys in the animal kingdom to find food over an apparently featureless sea surface. To minimize energy expenditure, many species harness wind energy through dynamic soaring, extracting kinetic energy from the wind shear. The smallest members of this order, storm petrels, have functional traits that prevent this type of locomotion, and are predicted to rely on flapping flight despite their high motility. However, theoretical predictions have never been validated and their flight strategy and activity budgets are unclear. We hypothesized that, as the benefits of dynamic soaring are out of reach, these birds should rely on gliding to some extent to sustain their long-ranging movements and save energy. To test our hypothesis we used, for the first time, miniaturized inertial measurement units on one of the world's smallest seabirds, the Mediterranean storm petrel (Hydrobates pelagicus melitensis). We demonstrate that these small seafarers spend 78% of the time flying during their foraging trips, with wingbeat frequencies up to 15 Hz. During transiting flight, they flap their wings at high frequency (mean±s.d.: 8.8±0.8 Hz) for 91% of the time, gliding sporadically and only for an instant (mean±s.d.: 0.11±0.17 s). Flight activity was high during the night and early morning, while they rested on the sea in the central hours of the day. Overall, our results reveal a peculiar locomotory strategy among procellariforms and raise questions about how they can energetically sustain foraging trips spanning hundreds of kilometres
Clé d'identification des genres de Moustiques (Diptera : Culicidae), mâles et femelles, Région Afrotropicale
No full textClé illustrée (photographies macroscopiques) et commentée, en français, pour l'identification des genres de moustiques (DIPTERA : Culicidae) de la région afrotropicale. Elle reprend et adapte des travaux antérieurs, notamment: Service MW. Handbook to the Afrotropical Toxorhynchitine and Culicine Mosquitoes, Excepting Aedes and Culex. British Museum (Natural History); 1990. Robert V, Ndiaye EH, Rahola N, Le Goff G, Boussès P, Diallo D, et al. Clés dichotomiques illustrées d’identification des femelles et des larves de moustiques (Diptera : Culicidae) du Burkina Faso, Cap-Vert, Gambie, Mali, Mauritanie, Niger, Sénégal et Tchad. Montpellier: IRD; 2022. Available: https://doi.org/10.23708/fdi:010084866 [accessed 30 Sep 2025] Baldacchino F, Paupy C, Rahola N. Clé de détermination des Culicidae présents en Afrique Centrale et au GABON (document de travail). 2014. Les photographies ont majoritairement été réalisées sur des individus de la Collection ARIM (https://arim.ird.fr/)Clé illustrée (photographies macroscopiques) et commentée, en français, pour l'identification des genres de moustiques (DIPTERA : Culicidae) de la région afrotropicale. La clé est valide pour l'identification des mâles et femelles. Elle reprend et adapte des travaux antérieurs, notamment: Service MW. Handbook to the Afrotropical Toxorhynchitine and Culicine Mosquitoes, Excepting Aedes and Culex. British Museum (Natural History); 1990. Robert V, Ndiaye EH, Rahola N, Le Goff G, Boussès P, Diallo D, et al. Clés dichotomiques illustrées d’identification des femelles et des larves de moustiques (Diptera : Culicidae) du Burkina Faso, Cap-Vert, Gambie, Mali, Mauritanie, Niger, Sénégal et Tchad. Montpellier: IRD; 2022. Available: https://doi.org/10.23708/fdi:010084866 [accessed 30 Sep 2025] Baldacchino F, Paupy C, Rahola N. Clé de détermination des Culicidae présents en Afrique Centrale et au GABON (document de travail). 2014. Les photographies ont majoritairement été réalisées sur des individus de la Collection ARIM (https://arim.ird.fr/
Source-sink dynamics explains the co-existence of the invasive pest <i>Dryocosmus kuriphilus</i> and its biological control agent <i>Torymus sinensis</i> across French Eastern Pyrenees
No full textInternational audienceBiological invasions have become a major cause of ecological and economic costs in many (agro-)ecosystems. Understanding the regulation of their local dynamics by resources limitation and natural enemies, i.e. 'bottom-up' and 'top-down' determinants, through inherently heterogenous environments stands as a critical challenge to provide efficient risk assessments and management measures. Here, we propose an unprecedented integrative modelling approach based on a spatial extension of the seminal Nicholson-Bailey model parameterized by a comprehensive field assessment of all the 'bottom-up' and 'top-down' determinants affecting the spread of a worldwide invasive pest, Dryocosmus kuriphilus, in 23 natural chestnut tree populations of the French Eastern Pyrenees. The analysis of the within-site dynamics allowed to quantify the spatial heterogeneity in the two types of regulatory forces across the study area, and to identify 16/23 sites where the control agent, Torymus sinensis, is expected to persist and control the invasive pest. The comparison of these predictions with the levels of D. kuriphilus hyperparasitism by T. sinensis, observed in all 23 forest sites, suggested hidden source-sink dynamics within the study area. The investigation of such dynamics by the coupling of any two local dynamics predicted in each of the 23 sites showed that i) low rates of D. kuriphilus and T. sinensis dispersal lead to a synchronization to the dynamic expected in the site with the highest chestnut tree frequency, while ii) higher rates typically allow for a stable equilibrium. Those predictions provide quantitative evidences for the persistence of T. sinensis in the 7 predicted 'sink' sites sustained by its local 16 'source' populations. Dispersal then tends to homogenize the local efficiencies of the control agent while decreasing its global impact on the pest invasion. Overall, this pioneer spatial modelling of D. kuriphilus -T. sinensis interaction suggests that both introduced species are likely to persist in the European forest environments in a 'co-invasion' scenario
Coral genetic structure in the Western Indian Ocean mirrors ocean circulation and thermal stress
No full textGlobal warming and rising sea temperatures are pushing many reef-building coral species towards extinction. As thermal tolerance in corals is partially heritable, identifying genes under thermal selection is critical for targeted biodiversity management. However, it remains unclear how large breaks in connectivity (>100 km of open sea) affect the spread of adaptive alleles for different coral species in discontinuous reef networks such as the West Indian Ocean (WIO). To address this, we applied a seascape genomics approach to model (i) population connectivity and (ii) thermal adaptive potentials for two keystone coral species, Acropora muricata and Pocillopora damicornis, across the WIO. For both species, corals from the Seychelles were predominantly genetically isolated from corals in Rodrigues and Mauritius, putatively an effect of regional oceanographic barriers. Furthermore, sea currents during reproductive periods better predicted genetic connectivity than did Euclidean distances for both species, highlighting that connectivity models can serve as proxies to understand dispersal potential depending on reproductive strategies. Spatial patterns of neutral genetic variation were best explained by sea surface temperature variability and mean degree heating weeks. When used in genotypeenvironment association (GEA) analyses, we identified hundreds of loci under putative thermal selection from linked to known heat stress responses. In A. muricata, five Sacsin genes-cochaperones of the Hsp70 heat-shock protein involved in thermal stress response-were identified, alongside genes related to immune defence, antioxidant response, signalling, and protein folding. In contrast, only the centromere protein V, involved in mitosis, was enriched in P. damicornis. By integrating patterns of gene flow with molecular adaptations to estimate species-specific adaptive potentials, we found that large sea distances and strong oceanographic barriers inhibit the genetic exchange of adapted genotypes across the WIO, providing valuable insights to guide local and regional biodiversity management in this region..</div
Microscale U/Th Disequilibrium and Pb Isotopic Signatures in Uranium Phosphate Minerals as Indicators of Their Origin and Fate in a Contaminated Wetland
No full textInternational audienceUranium (U) phosphate minerals are commonly found in U-contaminated environments, and understanding their origin and fate is essential for predicting U mobility at these sites. In this study, we used 238U, 235U, and 232Th decay series to investigate U and radiogenic lead (Pb*) behavior within individual U-phosphate minerals in a wetland affected by past U-mining activities. Three groups of U-phosphates were identified using SEM-EDXS based on their U, Ca, and P contents: ningyoite-like minerals (CaUIV(PO4)2·2H2O), near-ideal Ca-autunites (Ca(UVIO2)2(PO4)2·11H2O), and Ca-depleted autunite/chernikovite-like minerals ((H3O)(UVIO2)(PO4)·3H2O). NanoSIMS analysis of (230Th/238U) activity ratios revealed substantial U losses from the ningyoite-like minerals, particularly those located in the upstream vadose zone of the wetland, likely due to their oxidative dissolution under hydrological fluctuations. In contrast, the Ca-autunites and Ca-depleted autunite/chernikovite-like minerals exhibited (230Th/238U) signatures indicative of U accumulation. This behavior, more pronounced in the vadose zone, was interpreted as various stages of dissolution–precipitation that may have occurred upon early weathering of the U-ore and/or in the wetland. Finally, 206Pb*/238U ratios and Pb zoning within the U-grains revealed Pb losses, likely due to Pb diffusion in the mineral structure. Overall, this study demonstrates the relevance of NanoSIMS to investigate U and Pb mobility within microsized U-bearing minerals in contaminated environments
P and S wave finite-frequency tomography reveals the impact of slab interference on mantle flow beneath the greater Alpine region
No full textInternational audienceThe Cenozoic evolution of the tortuous Adria-Europe plate boundary zone suggests potential interference between opposite-dipping slabs in the upper mantle, with potential perturbation of the surrounding mantle flow. However, compelling seismic evidence of slab interference beneath the greater Alpine region is still lacking. Here we use P-and the first S-wave velocity models based on the Finite-Frequency Tomography method to reveal the interactions between slabs imaged beneath the greater Alpine region and their relationships with prominent low-velocity anomalies in the upper mantle. We document high-velocity anomalies beneath the Alps, the Apennines and the northern Dinarides. Low-velocity anomalies are found to the west of the Alps, beneath the Po Plain, and on either side of the central-southern Apennines. Because of slab interference, low-velocity anomalies of different origins, either due to asthenospheric upwelling or slab fluids, coexist in nearby regions of the upper mantle. The lack of slab gaps between the Western Alps slab and the retreating Apenninic slab precludes potential toroidal flow around the northern tip of the Apenninic slab during slab rollback, with consequent activation of an asthenospheric counterflow and associated mantle upwelling to the west of the Alps. Beneath the Eastern Alps, the Alpine slab is torn and overturned by the NE-dipping Dinaric slab. The asthenospheric mantle beneath the Po Plain is confined by slabs and shows a prominent lowvelocity anomaly likely due to melting triggered by carbon-rich supercritical fluids generated above the Alpine slab. Toroidal flow may occur farther south around the Apenninic slab, in a region where the mantle flow is not affected by interaction between slabs. Similar complexities may characterize other plate-boundary zones where the interplay between opposite-dipping slabs is suggested by geophysical and geological data, such as Taiwan or the Hindu Kush -Pamir -Tianshan tectonic knot in Central Asia
Low contamination and rapid depuration of domoic acid in the variegated scallop, Mimachlamys varia
No full textInternational audienceHarmful algal blooms (HABs) are natural proliferations of microalgal species, able to produce toxic compounds, such as domoic acid (DA), a neurotoxin responsible for the Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning (ASP) which can be lethal for mammals. Pectinid species are of high economic value and are particularly vulnerable to these events. As filter-feeders, they can accumulate DA and transfer it through the food web. However, DA retention (accumulation and depuration) varies between species, meaning that not all fisheries are equally affected. Therefore, there is a need to better understand species-specific DA dynamics in order to effectively manage fisheries and mitigate economic impacts. Variegated scallops, Mimachlamys varia, have low DA levels compared to king scallops, Pecten maximus, although both occur in similar locations. However, there is a lack of knowledge on DA retention in M. varia, partly due to the difficulty of monitoring field-level individual contamination, and obtaining large volumes of toxic Pseudo-nitzschia species under laboratory conditions. This study summarises the information available from French monitoring networks for DA contamination in M. varia and investigates DA accumulation and depuration by experimental exposure. The in-situ monitoring revealed that M. varia can accumulate DA, but at lower concentrations than other bivalves at similar locations and times. The experimental exposure induced contamination and we estimated a high depuration rate of 3.3 d-1 for the digestive gland. These findings have implications for fisheries management and suggest that M. varia may be less susceptible to domoic acid-related effects than other pectinid species and could be an alternative resource
Les services de l'INPN, Inventaire National du Patrimoine Naturel
No full textInventaire des données et services disponibles sur le site de l'INPN (https://inpn.mnhn.fr/